Do Bangladeshi migrants favourably self-select and sort across destinations?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrittika Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Method ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Skill Composition ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Bangladeshi Migrants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether migrants from Bangladesh choose the destination that offers them the highest earnings and whether the relative stock of the skilled migrants in a destination increases with the earnings differences between the skilled and the unskilled. Design/methodology/approach – Using a nationally representative sample of both stayers and migrants from Bangladesh to all destinations and correcting for self-selection bias in earnings using a semi-parametric method developed by Dahl (2002), the author tests whether selection and sorting of Bangladeshi migrants depend on cross-country differences in the rewards to skills as suggested by the Roy (1951) model of comparative advantage. Findings – Migrants from Bangladesh not only choose the destinations that offer the highest earnings but also the destination that offers the highest earnings relative to the skill level of the migrants. Research limitations/implications – Due to the unavailability of data on recruiting agencies, we cannot investigate the role played by recruiting agencies in the migrant’s decision. Social implications – Policy-makers in both the sending and destination countries need to know how migrants choose their destinations in order to formulate effective and welfare-enhancing migration policies. Originality/value – This paper is the first to study how skill composition and earnings shape migration from Bangladesh using micro-level data. It is also the first to study sorting behavior of migrants from any South Asian countries.

Online job quality quizzes: are they of value?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Random Probability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare two methods of data collection on job quality – an online quiz and a random probability survey. Design/methodology/approach Data are from a nationally representative sample of workers in Britain aged 20–65 years. Participants in the survey are randomly selected whereas those completing the quiz are recruited using uncontrolled convenience sampling promoted through trade union websites, newsletters and advertising on social media platforms. The survey and quiz contain the same questions and data from both methods are collected within 14 months of each other. Findings The results show that the sample recruited for participation in the online quiz is skewed towards those working in the public sector, people in higher education and towards younger age groups and women whereas the random probability survey is more representative of the adult working population in the UK. Significant differences in the results obtained by the two collection methods are found which suggests that social desirability bias is having an effect on participant responses. Practical implications Therefore policy makers should consider the advantages and disadvantages when selecting methods to collect data for tracking changes in job quality. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by examining the procedures in different methods of gathering data on job quality and the effects of this on the data collected.

Interbank financing and business cycle in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Kim Cuong ◽  
Vo Xuan Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Liquidity Shock

Purpose The knowledge of the link between interbank financing and business cycle fluctuations is important in assessing the stability and soundness of the banking sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the simultaneous relationship between interbank financing and the business cycle with respect to the financial structure of the bank-based and market-based systems in European countries by using bank-level data from 2007 to 2011. Design/methodology/approach The study employs an innovative instrumenting technique with an instrument of the financial structure to address the simultaneous determination of interbank financing and the business cycle. Findings The results suggest that banks establish pro-cyclical interbank borrowing by increasing their interbank position during booms and reducing it during downturns. Bank-based system performs better in redistributing the liquidity in the economy than the market-based system when there are imperfectly correlated liquidity shocks across regions during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. Practical implications The improvement of banks’ liquidity risk management should be aligned with a specific financial system. The macro-prudential supervisor should require banks in the market-based system to disclose their interbank position on the extent of risk exposure during the liquidity shock period to stabilize the EU banking industry. Originality/value This study is the first to provide policy makers with some novel empirical results concerning the linkage among bank liquidity, the macroeconomic condition and financial structure.

Effects of Labour Regulation on Manufacturing Firms in India: A Leximetric Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abishek S. Choutagunta
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Quarterly Journal ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Industrial Disputes ◽  
Labour Regulation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Inefficiencies and rigidities in the supply of inputs caused by strict laws and regulation could lead to distortions in the production structures of firms. These distortions, when magnified, can have adverse effects on the economic performance of a country. The study by Botero et al. (Botero, Juan C., Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez de-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. 2004. “The Regulation of Labor.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119: 1339–1382.) among others, has observed that richer counties with social welfare supports tend to regulate labour less than relatively poorer countries; but, these studies concentrate mainly on country-wide or cross-country data leaving out variations exclusively found in micro-level data. This study fills a gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive study of the effects of labour laws on output and productivity of manufacturing firms in Indian states. Unlike previous studies which measure the strength of labour regulation by interpreting labour laws, this study measures the same by mining information from case-law citations of labour laws and builds an index of labour litigiousness which proxies for the strength of labour regulation. Results show that labour litigation and industrial disputes have significant negative influences on both output and productivity of manufacturing firms.

Competitive Productivity (CP) at macro–meso–micro levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Baumann ◽  
Michael Cherry ◽  
Wujin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Better Than

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of competitiveness. The authors introduce the concept of Competitive Productivity (CP), supplementing shortcomings of traditional understandings of national, organisational and individual productivity which overlook the nature of competitiveness, i.e. outperforming the competition, or at least bettering one’s own performance. The authors offer definitions, components and construct measurements of CP at three levels: macro, meso and micro. Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the need for combining productivity and competitiveness into one new construct. There are theories that combine these ideas – e.g., the resource-based theory of the firm – but the authors are presenting these concepts differently, or in a novel way. The authors’ focus on CP makes necessary a new group of construct measures which are different from that of the strategy literature: the authors measure an agent’s tendency “to be better than the competition” along multiple dimensions. Based on the CP construct, the authors present three testable models to uncover determinants of CP at three levels (macro, meso and micro). Finally, the work around “emergent property” can be applied to examine CP itself as being a determinant for other higher-order outcomes such as welfare, profits and life satisfaction. CP forms a platform to explore likely interplay (bottom-up and/or top-down mechanisms) within the micro–meso–macro architecture. Findings Three CP models were developed and are briefly discussed in this paper: first, a National Competitive Productivity (NCP) model to capture the components/drivers of national CP (macro level). Second, a Firm Competitive Productivity (FCP) model to capture the components/drivers of firm CP within an industry context (meso). And finally, an Individual Competitive Productivity (ICP) model capturing the components/drivers of CP at the individual (micro) level. Originality/value The study provides a combined approach to capture productivity and competitiveness within one innovative concept: CP. It can be used by government and policy makers (NCP model), managers and organisations (FCP model), and individuals such as workers and students (ICP model) to evaluate and enhance their performance. A better understanding of the components/drivers of CP at the three levels and the suggested measurement of CP should provide a stronger theory of competitiveness of nations, firms and individuals. Not least should a focus on the three levels (macro, meso and micro) better prepare citizens, firms, workers and students to effectively function and work in the marketplace and in society. The authors’ work should eventually contribute to more effective benchmarking and continuous improvement in the competitiveness domain. Crucially, this conceptual paper forms the foundation for future empirical testing of CP components in the context of the relative values and moderated behaviour as captured by the ReVaMB model.

Guest editorial

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Cunningham ◽  
Matthias Menter
Keyword(s):  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Organisational Routines ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper examines and discusses the need for micro-level analyses of academic entrepreneurship and outlines a micro-level research agenda for the study of academic entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of academic literature on academic entrepreneurship, this study focuses on individual actors and suggests some future research agendas.FindingsThe authors highlight that more studies dealing with academic entrepreneurship need to take a micro-level perspective, thereby outline several fruitful avenues of research: (1) star scientists and principal investigators, (2) TTO professionals, (3) graduate entrepreneurs, (4) university administrators, (5) policy makers and funders as well as (6) micro-level organisational routines.Practical implicationsThis paper derives three main implications for management practice and policy. First, there is a real need to develop the managerial skills, competencies and capabilities of scientists and individuals. Second, policy makers need to ensure the necessary resources to pursue a paradigm shift towards more entrepreneurial thinking and action and create adequate incentives. Third, firms need to offer support and guidance on how to best commercialise and transfer scientific knowledge and ideally complement support structures of universities and research institutes.Originality/valueThis paper provides an organising framework for the study of micro-level academic entrepreneurship and emphasises the need to focus further on individual actors and how their actions, behaviours and approaches contribute to academic entrepreneurship in different institutional, environmental and cultural contexts.

Tracking sustainable development goals – a case study of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Javeed ◽  
Muhammad Yar Khan ◽  
Mobashar Rehman ◽  
Asif Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
General Public ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Development Goals

PurposeThe aim of this study is to gather and analyse the information regarding the level of awareness and commitment of the public as well as the organizations of Pakistan pertaining to sustainable development goals (SDGs).Design/methodology/approachA sample of 500 respondents in total including employs and general public is selected for their opinion regarding SDGs. The data was collected by personal administration of questionnaires in organizations and general public. The data has been collected from federal and provincial capitals of Pakistan. The data has been analysed using Smart PLS and the hypothesized relationships have been tested using regression analysis.FindingsThe level of awareness as well as level of commitment towards the fulfilment of SDGs varies across the cities of Pakistan according to the business volume and their affiliation with the United Nations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has been conducted in Pakistan only however a cross-country implementation of the framework and comparison would have yielded more in-depth facts.Practical implicationsThis study provides the policy makers with the ground-level data regarding the awareness and commitment of Pakistani organizations and public towards SDG fulfilment. A glance towards the attitudes of the people towards the subject could also be seen through this study. It could be further utilized and referred by other researchers for comparison with their own studies regarding SDGs.Originality/valueThis a comprehensive study conducted at federal and provincial level of Pakistan which has yielded ground realities towards the implementation of SDGs. The results could be used for policy making and planning at national level.

Cross-country evidence of Islamic portfolio diversification: are there opportunities in Saudi Arabia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Hakim Ali ◽  
Md Akther Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury ◽  
Mansur Masih
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose On the backdrop of growing importance of Shariah compliant equity markets, the purpose of this paper is to study cross-country portfolio diversification benefits for investors with major trading partners of Saudi Arabia, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany and India, who have already invested or tend to invest in Saudi Arabian stock market. Design/methodology/approach The authors have investigated time invariant, dynamic correlations at different investments horizons of the investors among Islamic asset classes by applying relevant econometric techniques like multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic –DCC and continuous wavelet transforms. For robustness, this study also applied maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform. Findings The findings tend to indicate that the Saudi Arabian investors have portfolio diversification benefits with all major trading partners in the short-term investment horizon. Interestingly, Saudi Arabian market has the least portfolio diversification benefits with the Chinese market. However, in the long run, all markets are correlated, yielding minimum portfolio diversification benefits and most importantly Saudi Arabian investors have portfolio diversification benefits with the Indian Islamic equity market in almost all investment horizons. The findings are highly consistent across different econometric technique estimations. Research limitations/implications The authors are only considering five major trading partners of Saudi Arabia. Also, the authors are using S&P and FTSE shari’ah index. Moreover, the time period of the study is constrained by the availability of shari’ah indices. Econometric limitations are also well documented in the literature. Practical implications The results could be beneficial for the investors, portfolio managers, hedge fund managers and institutional investors and also could be useful for the policy makers in their policy-making decisions. Originality/value Only very few studies have looked into the benefits of international portfolio diversification from the perspective of local investors as well as the portfolio diversification benefits with the major trading partners of Saudi Arabia. One of the novelties of the method is to make the stock investors, practitioners and policy makers aware of the portfolio diversification benefits available at different time scales such as 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 256 trading days as investment holding periods to unveil the true dynamics of co-movement between those different assets.

Value-chain activities and individual wages

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Márquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
High Skill

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of whether emerging economies benefit or suffer more because of value-chain activities than advanced economies do. Specifically, it focuses on the consequences in terms of individual wages. Design/methodology/approach Panel data techniques are used to estimate an expanded Mincerian wage equation over the period 1995-2007. The analysis is performed using micro-level data for two countries that represent two different experiences of value-chain activities in Central Europe: Germany and Slovenia. Findings Increasing value-chain activities reduce wages for low-skilled workers in high-skill-intensive industries in Germany, hence driving up the skill wage premium. Conversely, evidence is found of a decreasing skill wage premium as a consequence of increasing value-chain activities in Slovenia. Finally, increasing value-chain activities reduces the wages of workers in low-skill-intensive industries in both Germany and Slovenia. Originality/value This paper analyses the effect of value-chain activities on wages. It is the first empirical assessment that brings individual wage data directly into the picture for an international comparison focussed on two Central European countries that represent “two faces” of value chains. This paper shows that the effects of increasing value-chain activities on wages differ by country, by industry and by individual skills.

scholarly journals Barriers to the development and progress of entrepreneurship in rural Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeel Muhammad ◽  
Gerard McElwee ◽  
Leo-Paul Dana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Low Levels

Purpose Focussing on entrepreneurs’ experiences inhibiting them from launching a business – at the micro level – the purpose of this paper is to identify issues that limit rural entrepreneurship in Pakistan and also, to identify the cultural, social, economic and religious traditions and settings that discourage entrepreneurship thus hindering economic development Design/methodology/approach An ethnographic approach was used to obtain a picture of current problems and perspectives of rural inhabitants. Members of 84 families were interviewed. Findings Religious, socioeconomic and structural forces play a significant role in suppressing social and cultural capital in rural areas of Pakistan, explaining the low level of entrepreneurship in these areas. Social and cultural capital requires a certain socioeconomic context for entrepreneurship to thrive. Originality/value This study examines the determinants of very low levels of entrepreneurship in rural settings in the agro-based regions of interior Sindh, Pakistan; this contributes to the gap of understanding the context of rural entrepreneurs in agro-based economies. This study makes recommendations for policy makers to promote entrepreneurship in such areas.

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