scholarly journals Sensory-based interventions with adult and adolescent trauma survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Suzie McGreevy ◽  
Pauline Boland
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adolescent Trauma ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Purpose An emerging evidence base, and increased awareness of the effects of trauma on the body, advocates a sensory-based approach to treatment with posttraumatic stress and complex trauma survivors. This paper aims to identify, analyse and summarise the empirical evidence for the sensory-based interventions, which occupational therapists are using in the treatment of adult and adolescent trauma survivors. Design/methodology/approach An integrative review of the literature was undertaken. Both empirical and conceptual papers were included. An inductive approach and constant comparative method were used to understand and synthesise the research. Findings The literature search yielded 18 papers describing the types of sensory-based interventions used, sensory processing (SP) patterns and the context and evidence for sensory-based occupational therapy practice with trauma survivors. Nine of the studies were empirical and nine were conceptual and review papers. Themes identified included: atypical SP patterns; type of sensory-based intervention used with trauma survivors; and transdisciplinary treatment programmes can reduce the symptoms of trauma. Practical implications Sensory-based interventions with adult and adolescent trauma survivors are emerging as promising areas of practice and research in the literature. Although empirical data is limited, the sensory needs of the body in processing trauma experiences is becoming more recognised and are supported by the atypical SP patterns identified in survivors. A sensory-based, transdisciplinary approach to treatment has the potential to be effective in treating the trauma survivor. Originality/value With a skill base in sensory integration and occupational analysis, occupational therapists have much to offer the field of trauma studies. This review begins to address the gap in the literature, recommending more rigorous controlled outcome research with larger sample sizes, person-centred studies focussing on the trauma survivor’s perspective and continuing professional development and mentorship for occupational therapists working with this population.

Responding to FASD: what social and community service professionals do in the absence of diagnostic services and practice standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerryn Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum ◽  
Health And Well Being

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the experiences and practices of social and community service professionals working with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) or suspected FASD in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach The research examined professionals’ empirical experience of working with FASD or suspected FASD. In total, 21 participants working in practice settings relevant to dual diagnosis were interviewed, with each interview being of 1–2 h duration. The interview data were transcribed and coded using the constant-comparative method in order to derive themes. Findings Participants identified a number of barriers to understanding or working with FASD: the limited knowledge of FASD and the absence of FASD from training contexts, difficulty obtaining institutional support and the challenge of working without a diagnosis. Participants also articulated a range of strategies for approaching FASD within the identified barriers of their practice contexts, specifically: working with alternative diagnoses, focussing on adjusting expectations, adopting a strengths-based approach, actively advocating for clients when working with other sectors and systems and focussing on prevention education. Originality/value This research expands the knowledge base for social and community service practice in contexts where FASD maybe a factor contributing to poor health and well-being outcomes for clients. It clarifies the challenges that professionals face when encountering FASD or suspected FASD in their work, reveals key gaps in individual and systemic knowledge about FASD and provides new insight into what professionals do to address these challenges. It also adds to the body of research concerning FASD in the Australasian context more broadly.

Engagement valence duality and spillover effects in online brand communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Lay-Hwa Bowden ◽  
Jodie Conduit ◽  
Linda D. Hollebeek ◽  
Vilma Luoma-aho ◽  
Birgit Apenes Solem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Online Brand Communities ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Online brand communities (OBCs) are an effective avenue for brands to engage consumers. While engaging with the brand, consumers simultaneously interact with other OBC members; thus engaging with multiple, interrelated engagement objects concurrently. The purpose of this paper is to explore both positively and negatively valenced consumer engagement with multiple engagement objects, the interplay between these, and the spillover effect from consumers’ engagement with the OBC to their engagement with the brand. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on 16 in-depth interviews with OBC members of a luxury accessory brand, a constant comparative method was adopted using axial and selective coding procedures. The objective was to understand the nature of participants’ engagement with the brand, the OBC, and the interplay between individuals’ engagement with these objects. The coding framework and resultant interpretive frameworks address engagement valence, outcomes, and direction. Findings This study illustrates consumer expressions of consumers’ positively and negatively valenced engagement with a focal brand, and with the OBC. Further, it demonstrates the interplay (spillover effect) that occurs between consumers’ engagement with the OBC, to their engagement with the brand. While the existence of positively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to further enhance consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement accumulation effect), negatively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to reduce consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement detraction effect). Originality/value While consumer engagement has been recognized to have both positive and negative manifestations, this study demonstrates that consumers’ engagement valence may differ across interrelated engagement objects (i.e. the brand and the OBC). Further, we demonstrate the existence of engagement spillover effects from the OBC to the brand for both positively and negatively valenced engagement.

The role of agency in historians’ experiences of serendipity in physical and digital information environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Martin ◽  
Anabel Quan-Haase
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Physical Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changing research practices of historians, and to contrast their experiences of serendipity in physical and digital information environments. Design/methodology/approach In total, 20 historians in Southwestern Ontario participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed employing grounded theory. The analytical approach included memoing, the constant comparative method, and three phases of coding. Findings Four main themes were identified: agency, the importance of the physical library experience, digital information environments, and novel heuristic forms of serendipity. The authors found that scholars frequently used active verbs to describe their experience with serendipity. This suggests that agency is more involved in the experience than previous conceptualizations of serendipity have suggested, and led us to coin the term “incidental serendipity.” Other key findings include the need for digital tools to incorporate the context surrounding primary sources, and also to provide an organizational context much like what is encountered by patrons in library stacks. Originality/value The increased emphasis on digital materials should not come at the expense of the physical information environment, where historians often encounter serendipitous finds. A fine balance and a greater integration between digital and physical resources is needed in order to support scholars’ continued ability to make connections between materials. By showing the active role that historians take in their serendipitous encounters, this paper suggests that historical training is critical for eliciting incidental serendipitous encounters. The authors propose a novel approach, one that examines verbs in serendipity accounts.

Quality through accreditation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Olof Lagrosen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Quality Award ◽  
Research Implication ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose The paper concerns the three main accreditation standards for business schools: EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA. The purpose of this paper is to analyse these standards for accreditation from a quality management standpoint. Design/methodology/approach The study is a conceptual review and analysis of the three standards mentioned above from the perspective of quality management. The constant comparative method from the grounded theory approach has been used to generate categories from the two major quality award models, which are then compared with the criteria of the accreditation models. Findings The findings show the conceptual quality implications of the three main accreditations. The accreditation models are in line with the tenets of quality management but have a greater focus on production and to a somewhat lesser extent on the people. Research limitations/implications One limitation is that the study is only conceptual. Furthermore, the study is limited to the models of quality management and accreditation that have been analysed. Although these are the most common, there are others that could have been included. The research implication mainly lies in an increased conceptual understanding for the quality implications of business school accreditation. Practical implications The results of the study will be useful for managers of business schools undergoing or contemplating entering into an accreditation process. Originality/value The number of business schools undergoing accreditation is increasing rapidly. Thus, increased knowledge of the conceptual implications of such processes should be valuable.

Investigating the HRD cube and explicating extant paradigms of HRD

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Hurt ◽  
Susan A. Lynham ◽  
Gary N. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
Theory Research

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on the issue of paradigms in human resource development (HRD) and validate the HRD cube as a synthesized model of HRD praxis and to explicate some of the extant paradigms of HRD. Design/methodology/approach – The study was carried out by examining the text of articles published in Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD)-sponsored journals over a specific period. Sixteen articles published in AHRD-sponsored journals were treated as if they were the representative voice(s) of their author(s). Data units were axially coded and sorted into one of seven pre-determined categories based on the axioms of theory, research and practice. Then, data units were open coded using the constant comparative method, and themes were developed. Findings – Axial coding results identified a dominant emphasis on practice. The accumulation of units representing research and theory were comparatively smaller. Evidence of shared perspectives was found that emphasized the practice axiom. Open coding results identified representative themes within each of the axiom-based categories of theory, research and practice. Six themes developed in the theory category, nine themes developed in the research category and six themes developed in the practice category. Originality/value – The results support the overall construction of the HRD cube. Given the initial validation and support of the HRD cube and of the components described within the theory, research and practice sides within these 16 articles published in AHRD-sponsored journals, at least 18 prospective paradigms of HRD were identified.

Low-inference transcripts in peer coaching: a promising tool for school improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa L. Rivera-McCutchen ◽  
Nell Scharff Panero
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Peer Coaching ◽  
Instructional Practice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine highly detailed “low-inference” transcripts (LITs) of peer coaching conversations, drawn from two public US high schools located in New York City, to explore the kinds of interactions that led peers to be more reflective about their instructional practice. Design/methodology/approach – Using the constant-comparative method of analysis, highly detailed LITs of peer coaching conversations were analyzed to identify instances where peers had what the researchers identified as an “Aha!” moment, where the peer's prior belief or opinion about their instruction and/or planning shifted. Subsequent re-coding identified specific strategies that caused the shift. Findings – Three kinds of interactions were identified as leading to an “Aha!,” all of which involved a thoughtful and strategic use of the LITs during the coaching conversation. Conversely, findings suggested that passive use of the transcripts was less successful. Research limitations/implications – Future research should explore the nature and staying power of the shifts in peer thinking, and the extent to which these shifts lead to instructional changes and improved student performance. Practical implications –LITs are a promising tool for instructional coaching. The evidence suggests when in the hands of a skilled coach the transcripts can shift teachers’ thinking in ways that are likely to improve instructional practice and thus student outcomes. Originality/value – This study highlights the value of pairing strategic and thoughtful peer coaching with highly detailed LITs, and identifies specific kinds of interactions that lead to shifts in thinking about instruction.

Balancing value and risk within a city's event portfolio: an explorative study of DMO professionals' assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy D. Andersson ◽  
Don Getz ◽  
Henrik Jutbring
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Large City ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Constant Comparative ◽  
Versus Risk

PurposeThis study aims to advance both theory and praxis for event portfolio management in cities and destinations. An experiment has been conducted with professional event practitioners in a city to determine their opinions and strategies for balancing value and risk within their event portfolio. The first objective is to rank 14 of the city's recurring events in terms of both value and risk. Second, the events are plotted in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk with the objective to differentiate between the 14 events. The third objective is to describe the event characteristics that event professionals associate with value and risk.Design/methodology/approachResults derive from an experiment involving the forced Q-sort procedure and professional event managers from a city renowned as an “event capital”. Empirical evidence is analysed by the constant comparative method of how events are being evaluated by ten professionals working for a DMO.FindingsEconomic impact and image effects are characteristics of high-value events as is an opportunity to create relations with event owners for future collaboration. Local community involvement is important for all events. The issue of portfolio fit was a common argument for weak-value events.Research limitations/implicationsResults are based on the opinions of ten DMO employees in one large city. Conclusions help build event portfolio theory.Practical implicationsThe results and methods are useful for event strategists and evaluators. In particular, the management of event portfolios and policies covering events in cities and destinations can benefit from the documented method for explicitly balancing risks with perceived value.Social implicationsA portfolio perspective is also suggested as an approach to analyse the total tourist attractions portfolio of a destination.Originality/valueOpinions regarding public value and risk by civil servants who work with events have not been studied before. The constant comparative method produces results that can be applied to policies governing events. In terms of theory development, concepts from financial portfolio management, product portfolio management and risk management are used to develop event portfolio design and management, and insights are gained on trade-offs in the process. The plot of the events in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk clearly differentiated the 14 events and is an original contribution.

Labor, classification and productions of culture on Netflix

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Diana Floegel
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Production Of Culture ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Structural Inequities

PurposeThis paper examines promotional practices Netflix employs via Twitter and its automated recommendation system in order to deepen our understanding of how streaming services contribute to sociotechnical inequities under capitalism.Design/methodology/approachTweets from two Netflix Twitter accounts as well as material features of Netflix's recommendation system were qualitatively analyzed using inductive analysis and the constant comparative method in order to explore dimensions of Netflix's promotional practices.FindingsTwitter accounts and the recommendation system profit off people's labor to promote content, and such labor allows Netflix to create and refine classification practices wherein both people and content are categorized in inequitable ways. Labor and classification feed into Netflix's production of culture via appropriation on Twitter and algorithmic decision-making within both the recommendation system and broader AI-driven production practices.Social implicationsAssemblages that include algorithmic recommendation systems are imbued with structural inequities and therefore unable to be fixed by merely diversifying cultural industries or retooling algorithms on streaming platforms. It is necessary to understand systemic injustices within these systems so that we may imagine and enact just alternatives.Originality/valueFindings demonstrate that via surveillance tactics that exploit people's labor for promotional gains, enforce normative classification schemes, and culminate in normative cultural productions, Netflix engenders practices that regulate bodies and culture in ways that exemplify interconnections between people, machines, and social institutions. These interconnections further reflect and result in material inequities that crystalize within sociotechnical processes.

A comparative study of the use of electronic resources by LIS and computer science students in two Nigerian universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Dorcas Bana ◽  
Monica Eberechukwu Eze ◽  
Lovet Ovigue Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the use of electronic resources (e-resources) by undergraduate students in library and information science (LIS) and computer science in two Nigerian universities. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a comparative method. The questionnaire was designed to elicit data from 680 undergraduate students in two universities. Simple percentages and chi square (χ2) statistical tool were used to analyse and test the hypotheses. The results are presented in tables and charts. Findings The findings show that the undergraduate students use some of the e-resources and do not use others probably because of lack of awareness or skills to effectively use the e-resources. Overall, almost half of the undergraduate students rated their skills to use e-resources to be high. It also emerged that there is significant difference between LIS students and computer science students use of e-resources. Practical implications The findings of this study on e-resources and their use by different subject areas in the university will establish an important foundation for selecting and providing e-resources and services. Such a foundation allows for the development of both useful theory and practical application. Originality/value The study reported findings on e-resources used particularly by different user groups in universities in Nigeria. The study will add to the body of knowledge on use of e-resources in Nigeria.

Non-custodial grandparent caregiving in Chinese families: implications for family dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Leung ◽  
Barbara Fung
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Custodial Care ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs and experiences of Chinese families where grandparents were involved in the non-custodial care of their grandchildren. Design/methodology/approach – In total five grandparent focus groups and three parent focus groups were conducted. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings – Though most grandparents enjoyed their grandparent roles, there were differences in the perception of the grandparent role between grandparents and parents. Both grandparents and parents reported intergenerational conflicts on the management of the grandchildren, which was distressing for both parties. Practical implications – It was suggested that grandparent training programmes might be a viable strategy to support families. Originality/value – The study provided insights into family dynamics in the context of grandparent caregiving, child development, as well as children's services.

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