The effects of self-other rating agreement on ethical behavior: an experimental investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrin S. Kass ◽  
Jung Seek Kim ◽  
Weichun Zhu ◽  
Shiloh Erdley-Kass
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Mba Program ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Rating Agreement ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of self-other rating agreement (SOA) on ethical decisions and behavior.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 169 students (60 women and 109 men) enrolled in a part-time, regional MBA program was divided into three SOA categories: (1) Self-aware, individuals whose self-ratings matched observer ratings, (2) Underraters, those whose self-ratings were lower than observer ratings and (3) Overraters, individuals whose self-ratings were higher than other ratings. Ethical behavior was evaluated with the completion of a managerial in-basket assessment.FindingsThe results revealed that ethical behavior varied by SOA, with underraters exhibiting the highest levels of ethical behavior, followed by self-aware (i.e. accurate) and then overraters. One of the intriguing results is that underraters displayed more ethical behaviors than accurate raters, raising questions about the use of accurate self-assessments as an indicator of personal and professional effectiveness.Originality/valueThe results indicate that organizations should consider SOA in their human resource processes because it has important implications for employee training, selection and promotion. While prior research has examined the effect of SOA on performance, commitment and leadership perceptions, the authors contribute to the literature by examining whether SOA influences actual ethical decisions and actions.

Influence of religiosity on retail salespeople's ethical perceptions: the case in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Karami ◽  
Omid Olfati ◽  
Alan J. Dubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The main purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is a relationship between religiosity and ethical behavior of salespeople. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate this association, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used; also, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to examine a scale measuring salespeople's ethical behaviors. The context in which the study was conducted was in Iranian retail specialty stores. Findings – The results revealed for the first time the impact of religiosity on ethical behavior of the seller, a key entity in the buyer-seller dyad, that had been virtually ignored in extant empirical work. Research limitations/implications – The study focused solely on retail salespeople in Iran. Future research should examine the religiosity-ethical behavior nexus using other kinds of sales personnel and those practicing other kinds of religion than the Shia Muslim faith investigated here. The investigation examined the association between religiosity and ethical behavior. Future work could include additional measures of religion (e.g. religious orientation) as well other individual, cultural, and organizational factors that may have an influence on salespeople's ethical conduct. Practical implications – Sales managers should try to convince salespeople to behave ethically. Also, sales managers should not establish unachievable sales objectives for salespeople and try to employ more religious individuals as salespeople. Multinational corporations (MNCs) should treat Shia Muslim salespersons with the utmost of respect, relying on their word. Similarly, MNCs should incorporate ethical guidelines into their training classes in order to be able to communicate conveniently with local salespeople and persuade them to act more ethically. Originality/value – The authors believe that this research can arouse managers in retail stores to set specific plans for evaluating their ethical behaviors. This research also has managerial and research implications for designing and formulating operations strategy in providing ethical standards for sales force.

Are atheist consumers less ethical? Investigating the role of religiosity and atheism on consumer ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Arli ◽  
Tuyet-Mai Nguyen ◽  
Phong Tuan Nham
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Ethics ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Segmentation Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Unethical Behaviors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose There is a perception that non-religious consumers are less ethical than religious consumers. Studies found prejudices against atheists around the world and assumed that those who committed unethical behavior were more likely to be atheists. Hence, first, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumers’ intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity and atheism on consumers’ ethical beliefs. Second, this study attempts to segment consumers and identify differences between these segments. Design/methodology/approach Using data from 235 study participants in the USA and 531 in Vietnam. Subsequently, a two-step cluster approach was used to identify segments within these samples. Findings The study results show consumers’ intrinsic religiosity negatively influences all consumers’ unethical beliefs. Similarly, atheism also negatively influences all consumers’ unethical beliefs. This study also complements other studies exploring consumer ethics in developing countries. In addition, the segmentation analysis produced unique segments. The results from both samples (USA and Vietnam) indicated that non-religious consumers are less likely to accept various unethical behaviors compared to religious consumers. Religious consumers are not necessarily more ethical and atheism consumers are not necessarily less ethical. In the end, are implications for business ethics, religious and non-religious leaders on how to view the impact of beliefs on consumer ethical behaviors. Originality/value This is one of the first few studies investigating the impact of atheism on consumer ethics. The results of this study further extend the knowledge of study in consumer ethics by comparing consumers’ religiosity and atheism.

Exploring the viability of an attitudes toward ethical behavior scale in understanding police integrity outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hickman ◽  
Zachary A. Powell ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Jack Greene
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Police Integrity

Purpose– Relying on a moral development theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the perceived seriousness of a particular behavior is a reflection of one’s broader attitudes toward ethical behaviors. Attitudes toward ethical behavior should provide both an elaborated explanation for the relationship between the perceived seriousness of a behavior and the likelihood of reporting a fellow officer for that behavior, as well as an alternative approach to the measurement and assessment of police integrity outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– Using data from a sample of 499 Philadelphia police officers, the current study uses a modified fifteen item ethics scale first developed by Hyams (1990) and used by others, in order to examine its relation to integrity outcomes. The paper provides a full descriptive and measurement analysis of the scale and then explores its utility in understanding integrity outcomes through a variety of hypothetical scenarios.Findings– While the perceived seriousness of a behavior is strongly predictive of the likelihood of reporting a fellow officer who engages in that behavior, the findings suggest that seriousness may be a proxy for attitudes toward ethical behaviors.Originality/value– While Klockarset al.’s approach to the measurement of police integrity has been an important contribution to integrity research, other measures of police integrity such as attitudes toward ethical behavior are also useful as they move us conceptually from assessing attitudes toward ethical behavior to their antecedents – the strength of underlying value premises shaping subsequent attitudes.

An investigation of Indian student attitudes towards entrepreneurs and managers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Dennis Barber III ◽  
Suhail Mohammad Ghouse ◽  
John Batchelor ◽  
Francesca Chaher ◽  
Michael L. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Indian Student ◽  
Indian Students

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of business students in India toward business managers (not self-employed) and entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach Students’ perceptions of the ethical behaviors of business managers and entrepreneurs were measured using the Bucar and Hisrich (2001) model. The scale comprises 20 behavioral descriptors, and the students were asked to indicate the degree to which they believed entrepreneurs and business managers would consider these actions as ethical. Findings Responses to general items of ethical behavior demonstrated a difference in the perception of Indian students between business managers and entrepreneurs. Originality/value This study contributes to the field of entrepreneurship in two ways. One involves the results of the hypothesis testing presented herein to evaluate the perceptions of business students in India toward entrepreneurs and business managers. The second contribution is comparing these results to that of a similar study using a US sample (Batchelor et al., 2011) to compare the differences in perceptions toward entrepreneurs and business managers across these two nations.

Business ethics index: the impact of political affiliation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-955
Author(s):  
John Tsalikis ◽  
Michelle Van Solt
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to measure differences on the business ethics index (BEI) between respondents of different political affiliations (i.e. democrats, republicans and independents). The BEI was originally developed as an indicator of consumers’ sentiments toward the ethicality of business practices. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was conducted by ORC International Telephone CARAVAN®. The study was conducted using two probability samples of 1,008 adults (18 years old and older) living in the continental United States. Findings The data demonstrate that republicans feel more positive on all three components (i.e. personal/past, vicarious/past, and future) and on the overall BEI compared to democrats and independents. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the study include that the data include political affiliation and not actual voting behavior. One can assume there is a high correlation between the two; however, many US voters do not actually take the time to vote might attenuate this relationship. A future application of the BEI will attempt to capture real voting patterns and not only political affiliation. Practical implications The data confirm the political and ideological schism evident in the US at the present time. At a time where almost all the centers of political power (Presidency, Senate and Parliament) are being controlled by the GOP, republican voters are more optimistic about the future ethical behavior of businesses. Social implications Beyond political ideology, ethical behavior by business is crucial to the integrity of the economic system both at the national and international level. Originality/value This is the first time that consumers’ ethical perceptions, as measured by the BEI, were associated with people’s political affiliations.

Does psychological safety at school affect psychological capital at work? Evidence from part-time MBA students

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wu ◽  
Guoquan Chen ◽  
Shuting Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
School Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Constructive Controversy ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Existing research regarding the value of school education focuses primarily on the effects of educational level on core task performance after graduation. However, it is worth noting that knowledge, skills and abilities are not the only individual gains from school education. For part-time Master of Business Administration (MBA) students, the impact of MBA education on their real-time work during their two-year or so study journey has not been reported. This study aims to provide theoretical reasoning and empirical insights to clarify the impact of psychological safety at school on psychological capital (PsyCap) at work for part-time MBA students and examines the moderating role of constructive controversy at school in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 286 part-time MBA students was conducted in a university located in Beijing to address the theoretical issue. Findings Students’ psychological safety at school is positively related to PsyCap at work. Constructive controversy at school acts as a positive moderator in the relationship between psychological safety at school and PsyCap at work. Originality/value This study establishes a link between the school and the workplace. It explores the relationship between an individual’s psychological states at school and at work and contributes to the literature on human resources and management education. Furthermore, the findings prove that students not only gain knowledge, skills and abilities from education but also positive psychological states, such as psychological safety.

The impact of the US government policies on consumer perceptions of business ethical behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
John Tsalikis ◽  
Bruce Seaton ◽  
Philip L. Shepherd ◽  
Michelle van Solt
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The unethical behavior of businesses toward their customers is thought to contribute to a loss of trust and confidence in the integrity of American corporations. Distrust between the two parties in the marketplace inhibits business transactions. The business ethics index (BEI) was established to formally and continuously measure the consumer sentiments of the ethical behavior of American businesses. This paper aims to measure the effect of political affiliation on consumers’ ethical perceptions of businesses. Design/methodology/approach The BEI was originally developed as an indicator of consumers’ sentiments toward the ethicality of business practices. The current research uses the BEI once again to evaluate consumers’ perceptions of business ethics in the era of President Donald Trump and his administration. The BEI was therefore extended with the question: “Do you believe that because of the new president Donald Trump, businesses will behave: ‘more ethically’, ‘about the same’ or ‘more unethically’?”. Findings Data from 1,008 telephone interviews in the USA were used to calculate a BEI of 114.5, indicating an overall positive consumer sentiment toward the ethical behavior of business. Respondents’ political affiliation was found to significantly affect their perception of the ethical behavior of businesses. Originality/value This is an initial step in studying the connection between governmental policies and business ethics perception.

The impact of education, diversity, professional development and age on personal business ethics of business students in Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ermasova ◽  
Stephen Wagner ◽  
Lam Dang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individual differences predict personal business ethics of business students with a particular focus on how these factors moderate the relationship between ethical organizational interventions and personal business ethics perception. Design/methodology/approach Totally, 488 participants completed Clark’s Personal Business Ethics Scores (PBES) survey. ANOVA analyses were then performed. Findings Significant correlations were observed between personal business ethics and diversity professional development, age, and education. The authors found significant difference on ethical behavior and diversity professional development. Professional development focusing on diversity was positively related to reports of ethical behavior for women but no significant relationship was observed for men. Furthermore, professional development focusing on ethics was positively related to reports of ethical behavior for younger employees but no significant relationship was observed for older employees. Research limitations/implications Researchers and scholars in cross-cultural management and business ethics fields can benefit from this study as it provides more empirical results in understanding the impact of demographic, educational, and cultural factors on the ethical maturity of business students in different countries. Practical implications Leaders, managers and practitioners, can benefit from this study as it provides managerial implications in managing this workforce in the most effective and efficient manner. The results from this research suggest that ethics education and diversity training play the critical role in creating an ethical climate on workplace. Originality/value This study fills the gap within the literature and offers a unique analysis of the personal business ethics of Russian business students. Determining the types of business ethics education and training that are the most effective in Russia would be beneficial to researchers and practitioners.

Strength of auditing and reporting standards, ethical behavior of firms and sustainability: a cross-country investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Anis El Ammari ◽  
Hichem Khlif
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Cross Country

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the association between the strength of auditing and reporting standards (SARS, hereafter) and sustainability and investigates whether ethical behavior of firms moderates relationship between SARS and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 500 country-year observations over the period of 2014–2017. Sustainability is collected from the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index Reports for 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, while SARS and ethical behaviors are collected from the Global Competitiveness Reports for the same years.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that the SARS is associated with sustainability. Similarly, ethical behavior of firms has a positive and significant effect on sustainability. When testing for the moderating effect of ethical behavior of firms on the association between SARS and sustainability, the results show that the positive association SARS becomes positive and more significant for countries where firms operate with high ethical behaviors, while the association becomes insignificant for settings where firms operate with low ethical behaviors.Originality/valueThe findings emphasize the role played by SARS and business ethics in improving sustainability. These results may have policy implications for governments aiming to improve sustainability by strengthening auditing and reporting standards and enforcing laws obliging firms to act ethically.

Under-employment to drive the West's wages and policy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Collar ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

Subject The impact of working less hours on policy. Significance Part-time work is increasing across the advanced economies, including those working part time but wanting full-time work. Initially this seemed to be a distinctly Japanese problem, but it is now being recognised as a more widespread source of stagnant wages, blue-collar despair and populist politics. Impacts Weak demand since 2008 has allowed more firms to offer fewer hours to desperate job seekers, giving the under-employment trend momentum. Japan has changed its labour laws and broken down norms attached to the content of a job since the 1990s; other countries will follow. Convenience and lower wages drive firms to include under-employed workers in their workforce; only a tighter job market will end this.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document