Experimental studies on the development of a self-healing cementitious matrix for repair and retrofitting of concrete structures

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyendu Adak ◽  
Donkupar Francis Marbaniang ◽  
Subhrajit Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Healing Period ◽  
Strength And Durability

PurposeSelf-healing concrete is a revolutionary building material that will generally reduce the maintenance cost of concrete constructions. Self-healing of cracks in concrete structure would contribute to a longer service life of the concrete and would make the material more durable and more sustainable. The cementitious mortar with/without incorporating encapsulates at different percentages of slag replacement with the cement mix improves autogenous healing at different ages. Therefore, this study’s aim is to develop a self-healing cementitious matrix for repair and retrofitting of concrete structures.Design/methodology/approachIn the present work, waste straw pipes are used as a capsule, filled with the solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and colloidal nano-silica as self-healing activators. An artificial micro-crack on the control and blended mortar specimens at different percentages of slag replacement with cement (with/without encapsulation) is developed by applying a compressive load of 50% of its ultimate load-carrying capacity. The mechanical strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption and chloride ion penetration test are conducted on the concrete specimen before and after the healing period. Finally, the self-healing activity of mortar mixes with/without encapsulation is analysed at different ages.FindingsThe encapsulated mortar mix with 10% of slag content has better self-healing potential than all other mixes considering mechanical strength and durability. The enhancement of the self-healing potential of such mortar mix is mainly due to hydration of anhydrous slag on the crack surface and transformation of amorphous slag to the crystalline phase in presence of encapsulated fluid.Research limitations/implicationsThe self-healing activities of the slag-based cementitious composite are studied for a healing period of 90 days only. The strength and durability performance of the cracked specimen may be increased after a long healing period.Practical implicationsThe outcome of the work will help repair the cracks in the concrete structure and enhances the service life.Originality/valueThis study identifies the addition encapsulates with a self-healing activator fluid that can recover its strength after minor damage.

scholarly journals Design of self-healing catalysts for aircraft application

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Calabrese ◽  
Pasquale Longo ◽  
Carlo Naddeo ◽  
Annaluisa Mariconda ◽  
Luigi Vertuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Catalysts ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Aircraft Application

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevant role of the stereochemistry of two Ruthenium catalysts on the self-healing efficiency of aeronautical resins.Design/methodology/approachHere, a very detailed evaluation on the stereochemistry of two new ruthenium catalysts evidences the crucial role of the spatial orientation of phenyl groups in the N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in determining the temperature range within the curing cycles is feasible without deactivating the self-healing mechanisms (ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactions) inside the thermosetting resin. The exceptional activity and thermal stability of the HG2MesPhSyncatalyst, with the syn orientation of phenyl groups, highlight the relevant potentiality and the future perspectives of this complex for the activation of the self-healing function in aeronautical resins.FindingsThe HG2MesPhSyncomplex, with the syn orientation of the phenyl groups, is able to activate metathesis reactions within the highly reactive environment of the epoxy thermosetting resins, cured up to 180°C, while the other stereoisomer, with the anti-orientation of the phenyl groups, does not preserve its catalytic activity in these conditions.Originality/valueIn this paper, a comparison between the self-healing functionality of two catalytic systems has been performed, using metathesis tests and FTIR spectroscopy. In the field of the design of catalytic systems for self-healing structural materials, a very relevant result has been found: a slight difference in the molecular stereochemistry plays a key role in the development of self-healing materials for aeronautical and aerospace applications.

Self-Healing Coatings to Mitigate Post-Impact Corrosion

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2382 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atousa Plaseied ◽  
Allen Skaja ◽  
Ramanathan Lalgudi ◽  
Christine Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Salt Fog

Self-healing polymeric coatings have offered tremendous potential for repairing damage and extending the service life and safety of metallic structures. There have been many challenges associated with the catalyst activated version of the self-healing oligomer filled microcapsule coating additives (or microbeads) technology, but a non-catalyst version appears more promising. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of self-healing coatings in an epoxy coating system containing the non-catalyst microbeads on post-impact corrosion mitigation of water infrastructure. Experimental results showed that coatings containing microbeads did not fully prevent corrosion of the post-impact exposed metal substrate over the exposure period for this study, especially in salt fog and immersion conditions. However, this coating showed less coating degradation compared to the coating without the presence of microbeads.

Service Life of Concrete Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Milan Holicky ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Existing Structures

The concept of service life of structures is included in international standards ISO (under the term Design Working Life), in the European document EN 1990 (Design Service Life) and in the upcoming document CEN for assessment of existing structures - Technical Specification TS (Remaining Working Life). The mentioned documents contain mainly material-independent provisions for the design and assessment of all types of structures and for any category of actions. The submitted paper includes the definition of service life (performance time) tser, which is extended for any concrete structure, considering the resistance of a structure R(t) and the effect of action S(t). Both the aggregate variables R(t) and S(t) are usually random variables significantly dependent on time t. Due to the random variability of the variables R(t) and S(t), the service life tser, needs to be related to the probability that the performance of the structure is weakened or completely eliminated. Basically, serviceability limit states (SLS) and ultimate limit states (ULS) should be considered. In the case of concrete structures another limit state corresponding to the beginning of a specific degradation process (corrosion of reinforcement), denoted tinit, may be important. In specific cases of buildings and bridges a functional (moral) service life may be taken into account. The paper includes also a practical example of assessing the remaining working life of a concrete structure.

Fuzzy uncertainty and its applications in reinforced concrete structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1191
Author(s):  
Utino Worabo Woju ◽  
A.S. Balu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Intermediate Grades ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degree Of Membership

Purpose The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the fuzzy uncertainties present in structures appropriately. In general, uncertainties of variables are classified as aleatory and epistemic. The different sources of uncertainties in reinforced concrete structures include the randomness, mathematical models, physical models, environmental factors and gross errors. The effects of imprecise data in reinforced concrete structures are studied here by using fuzzy concepts. The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the uncertainties of variables with unclear boundaries. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the intended objective, the reinforced concrete beam subjected to flexure and shear was designed as per Euro Code (EC2). Then, different design parameters such as corrosion parameters, material properties and empirical expressions of time-dependent material properties were identified through a thorough literature review. Findings The fuzziness of variables was identified, and their membership functions were generated by using the heuristic method and drawn by MATLAB R2018a software. In addition to the identification of fuzziness of variables, the study further extended to design optimization of reinforced concrete structure by using fuzzy relation and fuzzy composition. Originality/value In the design codes of the concrete structure, the concrete grades such as C16/20, C20/25, C25/30, C30/37 and so on are provided and being adopted for design in which the intermediate grades are not considered, but using fuzzy concepts the intermediate grades of concrete can be recognized by their respective degree of membership. In the design of reinforced concrete structure using fuzzy relation and composition methods, the optimum design is considered when the degree of membership tends to unity. In addition to design optimization, the level of structural performance evaluation can also be carried out by using fuzzy concepts.

The effect of polyurethane-isophorone microcapsules on self-healing properties of an automotive clearcoat

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooneh Kardar
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Smart Coatings ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this work was to prepare a catalyst-free microcapsules as self-healing agent in an automotive clearcoat to improve the scratch resistance of coatings. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, microcapsule with isophorone diisocyanate (IDPI) core and polyurethane shell were prepared and used in self-healing coatings. Microcapsules synthesised were characterised by thermal gravimeter and infrared spectra. The microcapsules were dispersed in an acrylic-melamine clearcoat, and the scratch resistance was evaluated. Findings – The triplex product and the formed polyurethane bonds were confirmed by thermal gravimeter and infrared spectra. In addition, smooth spherical particles with a diameter of 1.5 to 1.7 micronmeters were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The microcapsules dispersed in an acrylic-melamine clearcoat increased the scratch resistance of coatings. Also, the self-healing feature of those coatings was proved. Research limitations/implications – The size of microcapsules can affect its dispersion in the clearcoat and consequently affect the properties of the cured films. Practical implications – The self-healing coatings are interested for many industries such as building and automotive industries. The reported data can be used by the formulators working in the R & D departments. Social implications – Self-healing systems are considered as one of the smart coatings. Therefore, the developing of its knowledge can help to extend its usage to different applications. Originality/value – The application of microcapsules in the coating as healing agents is a great challenge, which has been hardly investigated so far. In the current research, the effect of polyurethane-IDPI microcapsules in an automotive clearcoat as a self-healing coating was investigated.

Research on resistance degradation and reliability of pre-stressed concrete structures in freeze-thaw zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454
Author(s):  
Jinliang Liu ◽  
Yanmin Jia ◽  
Guanhua Zhang ◽  
Jiawei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Resistance Degradation ◽  
Thaw Zone

Purpose In the freeze-thaw zone, the pre-stressed concrete of bridge structure will be damaged by freezing-thawing, the bearing capacity of structure will decrease and the safety will be affected. The purpose of this paper is to establish the time-dependent resistance degradation model of structure in the freeze-thaw zone, and analysis the structural reliability and remaining service life in different freeze-thaw zones. Design/methodology/approach First, according to the theory of structural design, a calculation model of the resistance of pre-stressed concrete structures in f freeze-thaw zone is established. Second, the time-dependent resistance model was verified by the test beam bending failure test results done by the research group, which has been in service for 20 years in freeze-thaw zone. Third, using JC algorithm in MATLAB to calculate the index on the reliability of pre-stressed concrete structure in frozen thawed zones, forecasting the s remaining service life of structure. Findings First, the calculation model of the resistance of pre-stressed concrete structures in freeze-thaw zone is accurate and it has excellent applicability. Second, the structural resistance deterioration time in Wet-Warm-Frozen Zone is the earliest. Third, once the pre-stressed reinforcement rusts, the structural reliability index will reach limit value quickly. Finally, the remaining service life of structure meets the designed expectation value only in a few of freeze-thaw zones in China. Originality/value The research will provide a reference for the design on the durability of a pre-stressed concrete structure in the freeze-thaw zone. In order to verify the security of pre-stressed concrete structures in the freeze-thaw zone, engineers can use the model presented in this paper for durability checking, it has an important significance.

Influence of calcium nitrite on the passive films of rebar in simulated concrete pore solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbing Tang ◽  
Shengnian Wang ◽  
Yunpu Xu ◽  
Jingxu Ni
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Calcium Nitrite

Purpose This paper aims to study the influence of the addition of calcium nitrite on the passive films of rebar to reveal what causes calcium nitrite to further prolong the durability service life of the reinforced concrete structures. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive experimental study of the passive films, such as components, surface morphologies, electric structure and compactness, was carried out in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution which is normally used to simulate concrete pore solution by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Mott–Schottky and potentiostatic polarization, respectively. Findings The results showed that the passivation behavior of rebar has been changed dramatically by the addition of calcium nitrite. That is, the passive film formed in the solution with the addition of 10 g/L Ca(NO2)2 had less donor density (Nd), more positive plat potential, smoother surface and lower content of Fehydrox than that formed in the solution without Ca(NO2)2. Originality/value The study focuses on the passive films and provides a more clear cognition of the durability service life extension of the reinforced concrete structures caused by the addition of calcium nitrite.

Self-repairing CFRPs targeted towards structural aerospace applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialuigia Raimondo ◽  
Felice De Nicola ◽  
Ruggero Volponi ◽  
Wolfgang Binder ◽  
Philipp Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Adverse Weather

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the first experiments to manufacture self-healing carbon fiber reinforced panels (CFRPs) for the realization of structural aeronautic components in order to address their vulnerability to impact damage in the real service conditions. Design/methodology/approach The developed self-healing system is based on ring-opening metathesis polymerizations reaction of microencapsulated 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene/dicyclopentadiene cyclic olefins using Hoveyda-Grubbs’ first generation catalyst as initiator. In this work, the self-healing resin is infused into a carbon fiber dry preform using an unconventional bulk film infusion technique that has allowed to minimize the filtration effects via a better compaction and reduced resin flow paths. Infrared spectroscopy provides a useful way to identify metathesis products and therefore catalyst activity in the self-healing panel after damage. The damage resistance of the manufactured CFRPs is evaluated through hail and drop tests. Findings The self-healing manufactured panels show, after damage, catalyst activity with metathesis product formation, as evidenced by an infrared peak at 966 cm−1. The damage response of CFRPs, detected in accord to the requirements of hail impact for the design of a fuselage in composite material, is very good. The results are very encouraging and can constitute a solid basis for bringing this new technology to the self-healable fiber reinforced resins for aerospace applications. Originality/value In this paper, autonomically healing CFRPs with damage resistance and self-healing function are proposed. In the development of self-healing aeronautic materials it is critical that self-healing activity functions in adverse weather conditions and at low working temperatures which can reach values as low as −50°C.

Mechanical behavior of aeronautical composites containing self-healing microcapsules

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Polydoropoulou ◽  
Christos Vasilios Katsiropoulos ◽  
Andreas Loukopoulos ◽  
Spiros Pantelakis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Large Matrix ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

Purpose Over the last decades, self-healing materials based on polymers are attracting increasing interest due to their potential for detecting and “autonomically” healing damage. The use of embedded self-healing microcapsules represents one of the most popular self-healing concepts. Yet, extensive investigations are still needed to convince on the efficiency of the above concept. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the present work, the effect of embedded self-healing microcapsules on the ILSS behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials has been studied. Moreover, the self-healing efficiency has been assessed. The results of the mechanical tests were discussed supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as by Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) analyses. Findings The results indicate a general trend of a degraded mechanical behavior of the enhanced materials, as the microcapsules exhibit a non-uniform dispersion and form agglomerations which act as internal defects. A remarkable value of the self-healing efficiency has been found for materials with limited damage, e.g. matrix micro-cracks. However, for significant damage, in terms of large matrix cracks and delaminations as well as fiber breakages, the self-healing efficiency is limited. Originality/value The results obtained by SEM analysis as well as by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy constitute a strong indication that the self-healing mechanism has been activated. However, further investigation should be conducted in order to provide definite evidence.

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