Effect of background music and hierarchy-of-effects in watching women's running shoes advertisements

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Phil Uhm ◽  
Hyun-Woo Lee ◽  
Jin-Wook Han ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Hierarchy Of Effects

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of background music on consumer's psychological and physiological responses when watching sports advertisements. We investigated how consumers' exposure to background music affects emotional arousal, attention, brand attitude and purchase intentions; and further tested consumers' information processing by using the same measures. Effects of music on viewer responses were hypothesized using arousal theory while the information processing was hypothesized using hierarchy-of-effects model.Design/methodology/approachWe employed a between-subjects experimental design with random assignment. Fifty-four participants were recruited with 27 in an experimental group and 27 in a control group. Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and self-report measures were used to assess information processing. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare the mean differences of variables between the groups. Partial least squares algorithm and bootstrapping were performed to further explore the relationships among the measures.FindingsMean differences indicated that the background music exposed group's emotional arousal, attention, brand attitude and purchase intention were significantly higher than those of the non-exposure group. Path analysis showed that the level of arousal induced by watching sports advertisements affected attention, attention affected brand attitude and brand attitude affected purchase intention. Indirect paths from arousal to brand attitude and attention to purchase intention were significant.Originality/valueThis study provides practical implications for sports marketers regarding methods to increase the effectiveness of sport advertisement. Results might contribute theoretically to the sports advertisement field by demonstrating the relationship between physiological and marketing-effect factors. Our method of measuring physiological response using qEEG is also expected to influence physiological measurement in sports marketing.

How fashion influencers contribute to consumers' purchase intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Chetioui ◽  
Hikma Benlafqih ◽  
Hind Lebdaoui
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study examines the impact of attitudes toward fashion influencers (FIs) on brand attitude and consumer purchase intention. It also aims to identify factors affecting consumers' attitudes toward FIs.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, the authors propose a conceptual model that combines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and theoretical outcomes of prior literature related to influencer marketing. Based on data collected from 610 Moroccan respondents, the authors empirically test the conceptual model using a partial least squares (PLS) estimation.FindingsThis study illustrates that attitudes toward FIs positively impact brand attitude and consumer purchase intention. The authors also demonstrate that perceived credibility, trust, perceived behavioral control, perceived subjective norms, perceived expertise and perceived congruence positively impact attitudes toward FIs.Practical implicationsThe study findings help marketers and advertisers in the fashion industry to understand how influencer marketing contributes to consumer purchase intention. They also allow marketers to understand factors explaining attitudes toward FIs and therefore better select influencers capable of creating purchase intentions among existing and potential customers.Originality/valueThe present paper bridges a gap pertaining to antecedents and factors that impact attitudes toward FIs and consumer purchase intention. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to investigate the impact of attitudes toward influencers on both brand attitude and purchase intention in the fashion industry.

Ethics in social media marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chin Tsao ◽  
Tz-Chi Mau
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Product Reviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Consumer-generated online product reviews (OPRs) have become a crucial source of information for consumers; however, OPRs are increasingly being incentivized. The purpose of this paper is to find a method of sponsorship and disclosure that could be considered ethically sound. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quasi-experimental approach to clarifying how the method of sponsorship impacts reader perceptions of OPRs in terms of helpfulness, credibility and purchase intention. Two experiments were performed on an online platform using data from 480 participants. Hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance. Findings Meaning under the premise that sponsorship information is disclosed and not withheld from the readers, Study 1 revealed that experiential sponsorship is the best sponsorship. Study 2 revealed that featuring reviewers with greater influence in the online community increases the positive influence of disclosing experiential sponsorship on OPR persuasiveness. Originality/value The findings in this study provide rational incentives for firms to disclose sponsorship information, i.e. demonstrate high ethical standards in marketing. This was shown to create a win-win-win situation for consumers, firms and reviewers. Managerial implications for online marketing managers are also discussed.

Relationship among China’s country image, corporate image and brand image

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingji Fan
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of China’s image as a country on consumers’ evaluations of brands. Drawing on the literature pertaining to country images and country-of-origin effect, a research model was developed to evaluate country image, corporate image and brand image. Design/methodology/approach To test the model and investigate the effects of country, corporate and brand image on brand attitude and purchase intention, a survey was conducted that examined Korean consumers’ attitudes toward well-known Chinese brands. Findings China’s country image was found to comprise four dimensions: political image, economic image, citizen image and country relationship image. Country image had a direct positive effect on brand attitude, and through brand attitude, country image had an indirect positive effect on purchase intention. Corporate image and brand image had a positive effect on brand attitude and a direct positive effect on purchase intention. In addition, country image had a positive effect on corporate image, while through corporate image, country image had an indirect positive effect on brand image. Originality/value These findings not only offer theoretical evidence for research on China’s country image, but also provide empirical evidence to support the “going global” strategies of Chinese enterprises.

Social eWOM: does it affect the brand attitude and purchase intention of brands?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetna Kudeshia ◽  
Amresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how user-generated positive social electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) via Facebook affects brand attitude and, consequently, influences purchase intention of smartphones. The spending patterns of consumers, particularly decision-makers, have been affected to a substantial degree by the strong presence of brands on the web. eWOM, one among the shape of net product reviews, exercises extensive influence not only on the consumers’ attitude towards the brand but also impacts their buying intentions. Design/methodology/approach A survey-based empirical study was conducted to examine the influence of social eWOM on brand attitude and purchase intention of consumers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied using data collected from 311 respondents comprising users of Facebook. Findings The research established that user-generated positive eWOM on social networking site, Facebook significantly influences brand attitude and purchase intention of consumer electronics. Research limitations/implications The data set used for the study limits generalizing of results, as the data are not representative across industries or across all social media applications. The study provides a useful and interesting insight into the theory and practice of eWOM. It shows how social eWOM, an emerging communication tool, not only helps twenty-first century marketers in reaching customers, but how it also plays a vital role in affecting brand attitude and purchase intention of products. Originality/value This paper provides useful and valuable insights into the relationship between social eWOM, brand attitude and purchase intention of consumer electronics, an area that largely remains unexplored. The study can also be replicated for other products or services for future research.

Can vague brand slogans promote desirable consumer responses?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 282-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Strutton ◽  
Widyarso Roswinanto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effects associated with the strategic use of vague, as opposed to precise, advertised brand slogans on various consumer responses. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis study was conducted to explore the pattern of vagueness in advertising slogans from 1,441 consumer-oriented brands. Based on the resultant delineation/definition of vagueness, two experimental studies followed. Vignette advertising slogans were manipulated to achieve different level of vagueness. The initial 2 × 2 factorial between subjects design engaged vagueness level of brand slogans and consumers’ need for cognition as factors. Brand recall functioned as the dependent variable. The second experiment featured another 2 × 2 factorial design that used vagueness level and length of brand slogan as factors. Brand attitude, persuasiveness and purchase intention functioned as dependent variables. Findings – Vagueness level of advertising/branding slogans did not significantly affect brand recall. Interactions between vagueness level and length of advertisement slogans exercised significant effects on evoked thought, brand attitude and persuasiveness but not on purchase intention. At net, this study generated original theoretical and managerial insights about how and why desirable branding outcomes can be generated by managing the vagueness and word count of brand slogans, and a platform from which future research on this topic could be based. Research limitations/implications – First, the sample was limited to the southwestern USA. Second, in the slogan vignettes that were used, other cues were deliberately eliminated. A brand slogan essentially devoid of other cues may have been perceived as less realistic by respondents, thus reducing the relevance of their responses. However, a similar tradeoff always exists between more realistic states and controlled conditions. Practical implications – This study produces original theoretical and managerial insights about how and why several desirable branding outcomes are likely to result when vague, rather than precise, advertising slogans are deployed under certain manageable conditions. Each insight just referenced ensues from a study that itself was grounded in an extensive content analysis of contemporary print advertising slogans. This content analysis generated a substantial amount of practical and actionable insight about the treatment and use and management of slogans. This study demonstrates that the vagueness, precision and/or word count of slogans can be manipulated in ways that yield three communication outcomes that redound directly to the marketing interests of brand and advertising managers. Originality/value – The findings provide unique insight into how vagueness level of advertising slogans can be managed and how such a level can affect consumers’ perceptions.

Brand it green: young consumers’ brand attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brand advertising appeals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhi Gahlot Sarkar ◽  
Abhigyan Sarkar ◽  
Rambalak Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Appeals ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Young Consumers

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impacts of distinct advertising appeals on brand attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brands across two different product categories (technology-intensive and technology non-intensive) among the young adult consumers. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of focus group discussion, recyclable shopping bags (technology non-intensive) and hybrid cars (technology intensive) were identified as two product categories for the final study. A total of eight advertisement copies were developed (three in each product class + two control group ads) and distributed across 240 young consumers. A 4 (three advertising appeals + one control group) × 2 (product classes) between group experimental design was used to test the hypotheses formulated. Findings The study findings show that all the three advertisement appeals significantly influence attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brands across both the product categories. However, it was also found that functional appeal generated significantly lower mean scores for brand attitude and purchase intention for recyclable shopping bags compared to hybrid cars, whereas emotional appeal generated significantly lower mean scores for brand attitude, as well as purchase intention for hybrid cars compared to bags. This implies that functional green ad appeal would be more effective for technology-intensive products and emotional green ad appeal would be more effective for technology non-intensive products. Self-expressive green ad appeal was found to be equally effective in impacting brand attitudes and purchase intentions across both product categories. Originality/value The value of this research lies in investigating how the effects of distinct green brand advertising appeals on brand attitude and purchase intention can vary across technology-intensive and technology non-intensive products.

scholarly journals Local, global and glocal consumer brand relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Lopez-Lomelí ◽  
Joan Llonch-Andreu ◽  
Josep Rialp-Criado
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper fills a gap in the literature on branding, as local and glocal brands have not received as much attention as global brands from academics and practitioners and the scarce amount of relevant research done on glocal branding strategies is mainly theoretical or conceptual. Design/methodology/approach This paper therefore defines a model relating brand beliefs (brand quality, brand image, brand familiarity and brand as a social signalling value), brand attitudes and brand purchase intentions. The model is then tested with a sample of different categories/types of consumer brands (local, global and glocal). The influence of the type of brand on these relationships is then analysed. Findings The findings suggest that brand quality is the most important driver of brand attitude for any type of brand, and that the relationship between brand quality and brand attitude, as well as between brand attitude and brand purchase intention, is weaker for a glocal brand than for a local or global brand. Originality/value This paper provides new empirical evidence of the influence of brand type on brand associations and attitude configurations and the effects these attitudes have on buying intentions. This work is also relevant for the managers’ efforts to develop more effective global, glocal and local marketing strategies for brand positioning.

Influence of perceived and effective congruence on recall and purchase intention in sponsored printed sports advertising

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alonso Dos Santos ◽  
Ferran Calabuig Moreno ◽  
Josep Crespo-Hervás
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of congruence (perceived and effective) and the level of visual attention towards sponsors on recall and purchase intention in sports sponsorship by applying neurophysiological measures. Design/methodology/approach This study is part of neuromarketing research applied to sports. The experiment entails eye tracking with 111 men and 129 women (n=24) with 24 sports posters of three different disciplines (sailing, tennis and F1), varying the congruence, the number of sponsors and the position (2×2×2). The data are analyzed via analysis of covariance and regression using ordinary least squares. Findings Brand recall is influenced by the number of sponsors present on the poster and by the time of fixation. Effective and perceived congruence covariance the purchase intention, but the full time of fixation on the sponsor does not. The latter only, purchase intention indirectly. Practical implications The results enable managers to implement better poster designs and sponsors to have objective measures of sponsorship. Originality/value There are few studies that analyze print media in sponsorship using neurophysiological techniques. This research is a pioneer in considering attention to sports posters to examine recall and purchase intention.

Sport rebranding: the effect of different degrees of sport logo redesign on brand attitude and purchase intention

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio S. Williams ◽  
Sungwook Son
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship

PurposeDespite its growth, there has been a lack of investigation on how sport rebranding influences fans and their behaviors. This study sought to examine how a critical aspect of rebranding – logo redesign – influences fans' attitudes toward a sport brand and intent to purchase merchandise bearing the rebranded logo. More specifically, we aim to investigate the influence of varying degrees of logo change and fan identification in relation to brand attitude and purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental design, 4 (degrees of logo change) × 2 (fan identification: low, high), was utilized with the sample of 277 participants. The current logo of the Ultimate Fighting Championship was redesigned into three fictitious rebranded logos as stimuli based on different rebranding types.FindingsThe results suggest that color change and revolutionary change generate the most negative attitudes from both high- and low-identified fans, and fan identification is not a significant factor influencing fan attitudes. Regarding purchase intention, low-identified fans are not significantly influenced by logo changes whereas highly identified fans showed similar response to their attitudes.Originality/valueThe findings advance the current body of knowledge on sport rebranding and fan behavior by demonstrating the effects of varying degrees of logo redesign and fan identification levels on brand attitude and purchase intention. Moreover, the current research has important implications for sport marketers on developing effective rebranding and logo redesign strategies.

Sport event-sponsor fit and its effects on sponsor purchase intentions: a non-consumer perspective among athletes, volunteers and spectators

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Papadimitriou ◽  
Kyriaki Kiki Kaplanidou ◽  
Nikolaos Papacharalampous
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Intention Formation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore how event volunteers, athletes and onsite spectators perceive the impact of sport event sponsorship on future purchase intentions of the event sponsor brand. Design/methodology/approach – The research problem was based on propositions by Novais and Arcodia (2013) and proposes relationships between sponsor–event fit, brand attitude, perceived brand quality and sponsor brand purchase intentions. Data were collected from 352 Greek sport event consumers from the 2013 Classic Marathon event, in Athens, Greece, using onsite surveys targeting non-sponsor brand consumer spectators, volunteers and athletes. Findings – The results reveal that sponsor–event fit indirectly influenced sponsor brand purchase intentions via brand attitude and brand quality across all three groups. However, the fit did not directly influence perceived brand quality of the sponsor across all three groups and directly influenced purchase intentions of the athlete group. Research limitations/implications – Because of the duration of the event (one day), the sample sizes were not very large. In addition, the study was delimited on one sponsor from a single sport event. Therefore, the findings need to be tested with larger samples and additional sponsors and events to arrive to more robust conclusion about the purchase intention formation and its antecedents across multiple sport event consumer groups. Originality/value – This study explores the power of sponsor–event fit among non-consumers of the sponsor brand and how the “interface” of event consumption through the lenses of three groups, namely, volunteer, spectator and athlete, influences brand attitude, perceived brand quality and sponsor brand purchase intentions.

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