Tribological properties of zirconium phosphate-quinoline compound as an additive in lithium grease

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493
Author(s):  
Wenxing Niu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
High Load ◽  
Lithium Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Test

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribological properties of (C9H8N)4(H2O)4[Zr8P12O40(OH)8F8] (designated as ZrPOF-Q1) used as an additive in lithium grease. Design/methodology/approach The tribological properties of ZrPOF-Q1 as an additive in the lithium grease were evaluated with a four-ball tester. To understand the lubrication mechanism, post-test characterization of the contact tracks was performed via three-dimensional (3D) optical profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Findings The results reveal that ZrPOF-Q1 exhibits good performance in anti-wear, friction-reducing and load-carrying capacity. The action mechanism is estimated through analysis of the worn surface with SEM, EDS and 3D. The results indicate that ZrPOF-Q1 can adhere on the substrate, protecting the rubbed surfaces from a direct contact, even under high load for a long-time test. ZrPOF-Q1 can adhere on the substrate, protecting the rubbed surfaces from a direct contact, even under high load for a long-time test. Originality/value This work illustrates that ZrPOF-Q1 as an additive can improve lubricating performance. These tribological properties make ZrPOF-Q1 a promising candidate for lubricant additive.

Conductive capacity and tribological properties of several carbon materials in conductive greases

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfeng Cao ◽  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Xiangyu Ge
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Complex Lithium

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize a new kind of conductive grease which possesses a prominent conductive capacity and good tribological properties. Design/methodology/approach A two-step method was used to prepare complex lithium-based grease. Ketjen black (KB), acetylene black (AB) and carbon black (CB) were characterized by transmission electron microscope and used as lubricant additives to prepare conductive greases. Conductive capacity was evaluated by a conductivity meter, a surface volume resistivity meter and a circuit resistance meter. Tribological properties were investigated by a reciprocating friction and wear tester (MFT-R4000). The worn surfaces were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. Findings The conductive grease prepared with KB has a prominent conductive capacity at room temperature, 100°C and 150°C. Further, this conductive grease also possesses better tribological properties than AB and KB greases. When the concentration of KB is 1.8 Wt.%, the coefficient of friction and wear width reduced by 11 and 14 per cent, respectively. Originality/value This work is a new application of nanometer KB as a lubricant additive in grease, which provides a direction for preparing conductive grease. The conductivity and tribology experiments have been carried out though the variation of experiment conductions.

The tribochemical study of novel phosphorous-nitrogen (P-N) type phosphoramidate additives in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincan Yan ◽  
Xuefeng Bai ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Tianhui Ren ◽  
Yidong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Commercial Lubricant ◽  
Reducing Properties

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of novel phosphorous-nitrogen (P-N) type additives in water. Design/methodology/approach – The tribological properties of the novel P-N additives in water are compared with a commercial lubricant additive of the P-N type using a four-ball machine. The tribological mechanism was investigated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Findings – The experimental results indicate that the phosphoramidate derivatives possess good anti-wear and friction-reducing properties. The XANES analysis shows that the prepared compounds can form a protective film containing phosphate and/or polyphosphate that affects the tribological behavior. Originality/value – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of the novel P-N type additives in water.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tribological Properties of Ti3C2 as a Water-Based Lubricant Additive

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5545
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Nguyen ◽  
Koo-Hyun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Lubrication Additive

Water-based lubrication has attracted remarkable interest due to its environmental and economic advantages. However, practical applications of water-based lubrication are often limited, mainly because of low viscosity and corrosivity. The use of additives has been proposed to overcome these limitations. In this work, the tribological characteristics of titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXenes, as additives for water-based lubrication, were systematically investigated for contact sliding between stainless steel under various normal forces and Ti3C2 concentrations. Both friction and wear were found to decrease with increasing Ti3C2 concentration up to 5 wt%, and then increased when the concentration was larger than 5 wt%. The results suggest that Ti3C2 flakes hindered direct contact, particularly at the edges of the contact interfaces. It was further shown that the agglomeration of Ti3C2 flakes may have reduced the hindering when an excessive amount of Ti3C2 (e.g., 7 wt%) was applied. The decreases in the friction coefficient and wear rate with 5 wt% of Ti3C2 concentration w approximately 20% and 48%, respectively. The outcomes of this work may be helpful in gaining a better understanding of the tribological properties of Ti3C2 as a feasible water-based lubrication additive.

Reducing transphobia: comparing the efficacy of direct and indirect contact

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Nitya Rani ◽  
Anand A. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The transgender community faces prejudice and stigma and is one of the most ostracised groups in society. One of the ways to reduce prejudice is through intergroup contact. This may be achieved through direct or indirect contact. The purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of direct and indirect contact on reducing transphobia. Design/methodology/approach Direct contact was achieved through a transgender speaker panel and indirect contact involved a video presentation. In total, 159 students enroled in undergraduate courses at a prominent university in India were enlisted for this study. Perceptions regarding transgenders were measured using the genderism and transphobia scale. Perceptions were measured at three different time points – before the contact, immediately after the contact and one month post contact. Findings Results indicate that both direct and indirect contact cause a significant immediate decrease in transphobia at the post intervention stage. However, only direct contact caused significant reduction at the follow-up stage (one month after the intervention). Direct contact also effected a greater reduction in transphobia than indirect contact. Research limitations/implications This study extends previous research that shows that speaker panels involving sexual minority speakers can result in reducing stigma (e.g. Croteau and Kusek, 1992). The present study shows that such speaker panels can also be useful for reducing stigma against transgender individuals. Another important outcome of this study is the relative effectiveness of direct contact in reducing transphobia compared to indirect contact. Direct contact resulted in greater reduction in transphobia both at the post-test and follow-up stages compared to indirect contact. Practical implications The results of this study may benefit HR practitioners and policy makers in designing workplace initiatives and policies in creating an inclusive workplace. This study shows that meaningful interaction with transgenders would be a key step in reducing stigmatisation. Since direct contact is rarely expensive or time consuming, it can be a valuable tool to improve the integration of transgender individuals within society. Therefore, students and employees may be encouraged to interact with transgender individuals through panel discussions and workshops. Indirect contact may be used as a preliminary intervention in certain cases where direct contact may be difficult to organise. Social implications The stigma faced by transgender individuals has a significant negative impact on their quality of life (Grant et al., 2014; Reisner and Juntunen, 2015). It is, therefore, necessary to recognise and reduce prejudice against transgenders at both the college and school levels as well as in work organisations. Educators and managers have a significant role to play in this societal change. This study shows that stigma reduction can be achieved in a fairly simple way through contact theory. Originality/value This study is one of the first to investigate Indian students’ perceptions of transgenders. It improves on earlier studies using similar interventions in two main ways. First, this study includes a follow-up assessment, which was not performed in most studies. Second, random assignment of participants to one of two conditions improves the reliability of the findings.

Effects of iron content on tribological properties of Cu-Fe-based friction material

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Yanxin Zheng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Qingsong Song ◽  
Caili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
High Load ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iron content on the friction and wear performances of Cu–Fe-based friction materials under dry sliding friction and wear test condition. Design/methodology/approach Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were prepared by powder metallurgy route. The tribological properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials against GCr15 steel balls were studied at different applied loads and sliding speeds. Meanwhile, microstructure and phases of Cu–Fe-based friction materials were investigated. Findings Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content are suitable for specific applied load and sliding speed, respectively. Low iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material is suitable for a high load 60 N and low sliding speed 70 mm/min and high iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material will be more suitable for a high load 60 N and high sliding speed 150 mm/min. The abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism for two kinds of Cu–Fe-based friction materials. Originality/value The friction and wear properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were determined at different applied loads and sliding speeds, providing a direction and theoretical basis for the future development of Cu–Fe-based friction materials.

A comparative study on tribological properties of leaf-surface waxes extracted from coastal and inland plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Wenyi Zhang ◽  
Zhengfeng Cao ◽  
Xin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Green Lubricant ◽  
Leaf Surface Wax

Purpose This paper aims to explore the leaf-surface wax as green lubricant additive and compare the tribological properties between coastal and inland leaf-surface waxes of the same species plant. Design/methodology/approach The leaf-surface waxes were extracted from the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia cv. Idaho and Populus nigra in coastal and inland areas, and then the compositions of the four kinds of leaf-surface waxes were characterized using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The tribological properties of these leaf-surface waxes as lubricant additives in the base oil of synthetic ester (SE) were investigated by an MFT-R4000 reciprocating friction and wear tester. As well as the surface morphologies and chemical compositions of the wear scars were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively. Findings The results indicate that all the leaf-surface waxes as additives can effectively improve the friction reduction and anti-wear performances of SE for steel–aluminum friction pairs. Therein, coastal leaf-surface waxes have better tribological performances than inland leaf-surface waxes, which are attributed to that the leaf-surface waxes extracted from coastal plants can form a better protective film on the worn surface throughout the friction process. Originality/value This paper investigated a new kind of environmentally friendly lubricant additive and compared the tribological properties of the leaf-surface wax extracted from coastal and inland plants. The associated conclusions can provide a reference to explore the tribological performances of leaf-surface wax as green lubricant additive.

Study on the tribological behaviors of copper nanoparticles in three kinds of commercially available lubricants

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Li ◽  
TianTian Liu ◽  
Yujuan Zhang ◽  
Pingyu Zhang ◽  
Shengmao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Electrical Contact Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Wear Tests

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Design/methodology/approach A four-ball machine is used to estimate the tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Three-dimensional optical profiler and electrical contact resistance are evaluated to investigate the morphology of the worn surfaces and the influence of Cu NPs on tribofilms. Findings Wear tests show that the addition of Cu NPs as lubricant additives could reduce wear and increase load-carrying capacity of commercially available lubricants remarkably, indicating that Cu NPs have a good compatibility with the existing lubricant additives in commercially available lubricants. Originality/value The tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants were investigated in this paper. These results are reliable and can be very helpful for application of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in industry.

Polyaniline as an additive towards improving tribological properties and anti-corrosion performance of ionic liquids-based greases

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-856
Author(s):  
Zhengfeng Cao ◽  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Chuan Chen ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Worn Surfaces

Purpose This paper aims to explore polyaniline (PANI) as a lubricant additive to improve the anti-corrosion and tribological properties of ionic liquids (ILs) for actual applications. Design/methodology/approach ILs were synthesized by dissolving lithium salts in synthetic oil and were used as a base oil to prepare ILs-based greases. PANI was used as an additive. The tribological properties were investigated in detail and the anti-corrosion ability was also assessed via salt spray test. After friction test, the worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze the lubrication mechanisms. Findings PANI not only reduces the corrosion but also improves the friction reduction and anti-wear abilities of the ILs-based greases. The analysis indicates that the protective films generated on the worn surfaces were responsible for the preferable anti-corrosion and tribological properties. Originality/value This paper provides an effective approach to improve the anti-corrosion and tribological properties of ILs for actual applications. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2019-0469/

Effect of thermal activation on the tribological behaviors of muscovite particles as lubricant additives in lithium grease

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Du ◽  
G.X. Chen ◽  
Shiyuan Song ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Kechen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Lithium Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worn Surface

Purpose The tribological properties of muscovite and its thermal-treated products as lubricant additives in lithium grease were investigated. The effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite was studied. This study aims to explore the tribological mechanism of muscovite and optimize a proper thermal activation temperature, thus further improving the tribological properties. Design/methodology/approach The crystal structure of muscovite samples was characterized by SEM, TG-DSC, XRD and FTIR. The tribological properties of grease samples were investigated using a four-ball tribotester and the worn surface was analyzed by SEM and EDS. Findings The excellent tribological properties of muscovite can be ascribed to the layer structure and lubricant film formed on the worn surface. Thermal temperature at 500-600°C increases the surface activity and oxygen releasing capability, and thus favors the formation of lubricant film and accordingly further improves the tribological properties. However, the layer structure is destroyed and hard phases such as alumina and amorphous appear after thermal temperature activated beyond 1000°C, as it results in the aggravation of friction and wear. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first to study the effect of thermal temperature on the crystal structure and tribological properties of muscovite. The tribological mechanism of muscovite particle and its thermal-treated products was disclosed.

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