scholarly journals Misty consensus, messy dissensus: paradoxes of the Brazilian innovation policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that the wide acknowledgement of the association between innovation and economic and social development and of the importance of innovation policies has formed a kind of “misty consensus” hardly contested in Brazil. However, the innovation policies adopted in the country lack an institutional framework to support their implementation, marking what is called in this paper a “messy dissensus”. Design/methodology/approach It is argued that the reasons why the science, technology and innovation (ST&I) policies have failed to contribute more effectively increasing Brazilian technological efforts have less to do with the policies themselves and more to do with their detachment from the institutional framework used to implement them. Findings It is shown that this institutional framework: (i) is barely adherent to the perception of the systemic nature of the innovation process; (ii) does not create enough incentives for bureaucrats in public institutions to allocate resources in the industrial sector; (iii) encourages the pulverization of resources and the consequent loss of focus, which may reduce the efficiency of the adopted policies; (iv) encourages the replication of models and priorities usually adopted in contexts that fail to match the Brazilian reality. Originality/value In this paper, the focus is on the obstacles that undermine the potential of ST&I policies to contribute more effectively to the improvement of the Brazilian innovation indicators. It is argued that these obstacles have less to do with the innovation policies themselves and more to do with their detachment from the institutional framework used to implement them. This institutional framework includes not only the formal and legal rules but also informal social norms that govern individual behavior and structure social interactions.

scholarly journals Innovation dynamics in the Brazilian industrial sector: scenario and reflexions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Brito Silva Cirani ◽  
José Jaconias da Silva ◽  
Adalberto Ramos Cassia ◽  
Samara de Carvalho Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Innovation Indicators

Purpose This study aims to analyze the innovation overview of the Brazilian industrial sector using data published by innovation survey – PINTEC. The aim was to provide a macro and updated diagnosis of the innovation scenario in Brazil and build reflections for further studies. Design/methodology/approach The authors used information from the years 1998–2014 covered by PINTEC to analyze innovation indicators, namely, innovation types, problems and obstacles, novelty degree, established partnerships and interactions, as well as governmental incentives. This study is exploratory; thus, descriptive methods were used for data presentation through analyses and presented through figures and tables. Findings The results show that innovation of the Brazilian industrial sector is concentrated mainly in the acquisition of machinery and equipment, innovations that already exist in national or global markets, interactions for the innovation process with suppliers and governmental support for financing machinery and equipment acquisitions. Originality/value This study has relevance, as its results provide important subsidies for policy-makers to incorporate the needs and overcome challenges of innovation in Brazil.

Utilizing front‐end‐of‐innovation concepts in software development

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Hannola ◽  
Samuli Kortelainen ◽  
Hannu Kärkkäinen ◽  
Markku Tuominen
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Front End ◽  
Similarities And Differences

PurposeThe traditional front‐end‐of‐innovation (FEI) research and requirements engineering (RE) in software development have realized the opportunities for overall innovation process improvements by focusing on improving the front‐end activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the managerial perceptions on the similarities and differences in the FEI concepts between software industry and the traditional industrial sector.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach of this paper can be categorized as a case study. Causal cognitive maps are used as graphic tools for collecting and analyzing the perceptions of selected experts about the concepts of FEI, and for recognizing the perceived interrelationships between these concepts.FindingsThe paper presents the similarities and differences in the FEI concepts between the two industries. The most similarly assessed concept is that the quality of a product or software development project can be most often influenced by successful execution of detailed customer needs analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe selection of a purely academic interview group representing the traditional industrial sector has some limitations.Practical implicationsThis paper provides viewpoints to managers and project team members on the most important factors in their front‐end activities influencing the success of product or software development projects.Originality/valueThe intersection between FEI and RE and its handling by causal cognitive mapping is a novel territory in academic research. In addition, this paper opens up a new strand for academic discussion by connecting these two domains previously unconnected in literature.

scholarly journals Lord Kelvin was wrong: About the effectiveness of innovation indexes

2021 ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Anna Gruhn
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Times ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation Policies

Innovation is a fashionable concept, as many economic (and elec-tion),1 international 2 and state 3 programmes show. Fashion might not be the essential part of the scientific discourse, however, even judging by the politicians’ declarations, innovation is certainly a popular topic and a point of interest for many scholars. One would even dare to claim that innovation policy attracts more positive attention than defence policy. In the times of economic crisis and austerity that are both affecting the Eurozone, it seems that authorizing expenses on innovation is easier than defending even limited military budgets. The economists themselves are also more inclined to claim it is innovation not war that stimulates the economy.4 Since the states are usually considered as the most active in that field, the term innovation policy was quickly coined. It encompasses all state actions directed at innovation. Some of these actions form so-called innovation indices (also known as innovation indicators), whose main aim is to measure innovation performance of the country. Other entities, private companies or individuals being the example, often engage in innovation process as well and are, to some extent, included in innovation measures. By large though these indices show the role of the state. Since they attempt to measure innovative performance, when we ask about their effectiveness, we ask about the effectiveness of innovation policies, and ultimately, the impact innovation (and innovation policies) has on economy. We will argue that the effectiveness of these innovation indicators in achieving the goal that is set before them can be questioned. Nonetheless they are still taken into account when innovation policies are shaped. In order to prove our thesis we decided to divide the paper into smaller sections. First, we will describe innovation as a theoretical concept and show its place in economic models. Then we will try answer the question why innovation is measured. Since the main goal of this paper is critique of current innovation measures, we will present two traditional (and most popular at the same time) innovation indicators and most important arguments against them. We will also include indices that are considered alternative to the traditional measures. The most important and conclusive part of this paper will be devoted to the critique of both old and new indices, and any innovation indicators in general.

Accessing resources for service innovation – the critical role of network relationships

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rusanen ◽  
Aino Halinen ◽  
Elina Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Resource Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Different Types

Purpose – This paper aims to explore how companies access resources through network relationships when developing service innovations. The paper identifies the types of resource that companies seek from other actors and examines the nature of relationships and resource access strategies that can be applied to access each type of resource. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal, multi-case study is conducted in the field of technical business-to-business (b-to-b) services. An abductive research strategy is applied to create a new theoretical understanding of resource access. Findings – Companies seek a range of resources through different types of network relationships for service innovation. Four types of resource access strategies were identified: absorption, acquisition, sharing, and co-creation. The findings show how easily transferable resources can be accessed through weak relationships and low-intensity collaboration. Access to resources that are difficult to transfer, instead, necessitates strong relationships and high-intensity collaboration. Research limitations/implications – The findings are valid for technical b-to-b services, but should also be tested for other kinds of innovations. Future research should also study how actors integrate the resources gained through networks in the innovation process. Practical implications – Managers should note that key resources for service innovation may be accessible through a variety of actors and relationships ranging from formal arrangements to miscellaneous social contacts. To make use of tacit resources such as knowledge, firms need to engage in intensive collaboration. Originality/value – Despite attention paid to network relationships, innovation collaboration, and external resources, previous research has neither linked these issues nor studied their mutual contingencies. This paper provides a theoretical model that characterizes the service innovation resources accessible through different types of relationships and access strategies.

Colchones Eldorado: dreaming of innovating

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Delio I. Castaneda ◽  
Luisa F. Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Challenge Testing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

Subject area Innovation and creativity in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Latin America. Study level/applicability The case is recommended for creativity and innovation subjects, in undergraduate and MBA levels. The case is also suggested for subjects associated with the organizational dynamics on SMEs. Case overview Colchones Eldorado is a Colombian company dedicated to the bedding industry. The company was founded in 1957 by Gumercindo Gómez Caro, a creative man who in 1959 invented a machine to make springs, which allowed the company to grow steadily for several decades. On November 18, 2004, the founder's daughter, Martha Luz Gomez, was appointed as General Manager. On April 2011 it obtained a license from Sealy, the biggest mattress making company in the USA. The license implied a challenge - testing the company's innovative capacities to adapt Sealy mattresses to satisfy consumers in the Colombian market. Expected learning outcomes Students are shown the characteristics of the creative and innovation process in a Latin American SME, and the innovation challenges which are faced. From the reading and the case discussion, the students should be able to: analyse the manifestations of the creative process in an SME; identify examples of the innovation types of an SME; and discuss the organizational conditions to answer the creativity and innovation challenges in an SME. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Diversifying systemic risk in agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Feng ◽  
Dermot Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Tail Dependence ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insurance Portfolio ◽  
Systemic Nature

Purpose Portfolio risk in crop insurance due to the systemic nature of crop yield losses has inhibited the development of private crop insurance markets. Government subsidy or reinsurance has therefore been used to support crop insurance programs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of converting systemic crop yield risk into “poolable” risk. Specifically, this study examines whether it is possible to remove the co-movement as well as tail dependence of crop yield variables by enlarging the risk pool across different crops and countries. Design/methodology/approach Hierarchical Kendall copula (HKC) models are used to model potential non-linear correlations of the high-dimensional crop yield variables. A Bayesian estimation approach is applied to account for estimation risk in the copula parameters. A synthetic insurance portfolio is used to evaluate the systemic risk and diversification effect. Findings The results indicate that the systemic nature – both positive correlation and lower tail dependence – of crop yield risks can be eliminated by combining crop insurance policies across crops and countries. Originality/value The study applies the HKC in the context of agricultural risks. Compared to other advanced copulas, the HKC achieves both flexibility and parsimony. The flexibility of the HKC makes it appropriate to precisely represent various correlation structures of crop yield risks while the parsimony makes it computationally efficient in modeling high-dimensional correlation structure.

Methodology of institutional analysis and its implication for contemporary framework of Islamic banks

Humanomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the possibility of a methodological error made by the concerned scholars and academics of Islamic finance & economics to understand and study the modern framework of financial institutions, where they intend to practice Islamic law of contract. This error has led them to expect something which the institutional modern framework of banks, adopted by Islamic banks (for e.g.), wasn’t designed to accomplish, hence the disappointment. Design/methodology/approach – This study reviews the literature on history of evolution of banking industry and the corresponding ideological and cultural changes in the European society which drove this evolution; this is followed by a conceptual analysis to identify the institutional components inconsistent with ethos of Islamic norms and ethos. Findings – After review of history and evolution of modern banking framework, in the light of Hollingsworth frame of institutional analysis, it is inferred that the said framework was designed for a secular, liberal and capitalist society to efficiently and effectively enhance freedom and accumulate capital and wealth, without much regard for equitable distribution of wealth and economic justice. These goals are very much in contrast with the normative premise of Islamic Economics, which cannot be efficiently used to achieve the related objective. This indicates that framework of banking was narrowly understood by the concerned scholars and academics, without considering its history of evolution and intended objectives, before adopting for IBs. Practical implications – The disconnect between the Western institutional framework and ethos of Islam implies that the concerned need to look deeper and holistically while adapting Western institutions, so that necessary alteration is done in advance, if such an adoption is inevitable. Originality/value – This study introduces a new dimension for the concerned scholars, academics and practitioners to reanalyze the institutional framework adopted from the West, so that necessary adjustments can be worked out to make the said framework compatible with the ethos of Islamic economics.

Reducing transportation emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pålsson ◽  
Ola Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistics Service Providers ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the intention of companies to reduce transportation emissions by 2020 and the barriers and the discriminating factors that affect the reduction. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review identified potential logistical and technical actions and their barriers, and discriminating factors for reducing transportation emissions. A survey of freight transport-intensive industries in Sweden examined the effects of, intention for implementation of and barriers to 12 actions to reduce CO2 emissions from freight transportation. In total, 172 logistics managers responded, representing a response rate of 40.3 per cent. Findings – Logistics service providers (LSPs) and freight owners are likely to reduce a considerable amount of CO2 emissions from freight transportation by 2020 using a combination of actions. The lowest level of confidence was for reducing CO2 emissions by changing logistics structures, while there was greater confidence by means of operational changes. The actions have few barriers, but there is often a combination of barriers to overcome. Three discriminating factors influence the intention of a firm to reduce transportation emissions: perceived potential, company size and LSP/freight owner. The industrial sector of a freight owner has minor influence. Companies that are particularly likely to reduce emissions are LSPs, large companies, and those that perceive a large reduction potential. Research limitations/implications – Logistical and technical barriers appear to hinder companies from implementing actions, while organisational barriers and external prerequisites do not. Barriers cannot be used to predict companies’ intentions to reduce transportation emissions. The authors examined the impact of three discriminating factors on reduction of transportation emissions. The research is based on perceptions of well-informed managers and on companies in Sweden. Practical implications – The findings can be used by managers to identify firms for benchmarking initiatives and emissions-reducing strategies. Originality/value – The study provides insights into intended CO2 reductions in transportation by 2020. It presents new knowledge regarding barriers and discriminating factors for implementing actions to reduce transportation emissions.

Business model innovation canvas: a visual business model innovation model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuran Jin ◽  
Shoufeng Ji ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Business Model Innovation ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
First Time

PurposeMore and more enterprises have realized the importance of business model innovation. However, the model tools for it are still scarce. There is a clear research gap in this academic field. Therefore, the aim of this study is to put forward a visual business model innovation model.Design/methodology/approachThe scientific literature clustering paradigm of grounded theory is used to design business model innovation theory model (BMITM). BMITM and the business model innovation options traced back from 870 labels in the grounded process are integrated into a unified framework to build the business model innovation canvas (BMIC).FindingsBMIC composed of three levels and seven modules is successfully developed. 145 business model innovation options are designed in BMIC. How to use BMIC is explained in detail. Through the analysis of innovation hotspots, the potential business model innovation directions can be found. A new business model of clothing enterprises using 3D printing is innovated with BMIC as an example.Research limitations/implicationsCompared with the previous tools, BMIC owns a clearer business model innovation framework and provides a problem-oriented business model innovation process and mechanism.Practical implicationsBMIC provides a systematic business model innovation solution set and roadmap for business model innovation practitioners.Originality/valueBMIC, a new tool for business model innovation is put forward for the first time. “Mass Selection Customization-Centralized Manufacturing” designed with BMIC for the clothing enterprises using 3D printing is put forward for the first time.

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