PTSD, panic disorder and alcohol use disorder as a triple threat for violence among male jail detainees

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa J. Barrett ◽  
Stephanie L. Taylor ◽  
Albert M. Kopak ◽  
Norman G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Jail Detainees ◽  
Violent Offenses

Purpose Despite ranking among the most prevalent mental health conditions and their likely contributions to violent offending, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been examined closely among adult males detained in rural jails. The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of co-occurring PTSD, PD and AUD within this population and identify their associations with violent offenses. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 349 males recently booked into local jails. The Comprehensive Addictions and Psychological Evaluation – 5 was administered to assess mental health conditions. Bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations between PTSD, PD, AUD and violent offenses. Findings A disproportionate number of participants met criteria for PTSD, PD and AUD. Co-occurrence was prevalent among detainees booked for violent offenses with 25% reporting symptoms of all three disorders. PD emerged as the strongest single condition associated with violence, while the combination of PTSD, PD and AUD significantly increased the likelihood of violent offenses. Practical implications A better understanding of the relationship between mental health conditions and violent offenses is essential for efficacious assessment and treatment. Appropriately informed mental health care for jail detainees can increase public safety and guide practices for addressing these conditions within criminal justice populations. Originality/value There is limited research on mental health within the rural jail detainee population. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between PTSD, PD, AUD and violent offenses drawn from local detention centers.

Increased propensity for violence among female jail detainees with PTSD, panic disorder and alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Taylor ◽  
Alexa J. Barrett ◽  
Albert M. Kopak ◽  
Norman G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Jail Detainees ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Violent Offenses

Purpose The female jail population is steadily growing in rural jails across the country. Detainees have high rates of mental health and substance use disorders, some of which are linked to violent offenses. These conditions include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aims to examine the associations between these disorders among females charged with violent offenses. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 167 female detainees from local rural jails in the USA. To assess participants’ behavioral health, the Comprehensive Addictions and Psychological Evaluation – 5 (CAAPE-5) was administered. The associations between PTSD, PD, AUD and violent offenses were investigated using bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Findings Over half of the female detainees in the sample met criteria individually for PTSD, PD or AUD, substantiating previous work on prevalence rate. Of the sample, only 10% were charged with violent offenses, from which the predominant condition reported was PTSD. Among detainees arrested for violent offenses, 69% also met criteria for PTSD, 56% for AUD and 44% for PD. Multivariate results indicate AUD was the only significant predictor for violent offenses. Research limitations/implications Female detainees experience trauma and mental health conditions at high rates. Research-informed mental health care may result in increased treatment efficacy. Provided the links between PTSD, PD and AUD, special considerations for this population should address interpersonal factors in treatment that may relate to violent offenses. Originality/value Little research exists examining female jail detainees and the implications of AUD, PTSD and PD on violent offending. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between AUD, PTSD and PD in female jail detainees with violent offenses.

scholarly journals Mental Health in UK Biobank Revised – development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157,366 participants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina A. S. Davis ◽  
Jonathan R. I. Coleman ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Naomi Allen ◽  
Gerome Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

AbstractThis paper corrects and updates a paper published in BJPsych Open 2018 “Mental Health in UK Biobank” (https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.12) that was voluntarily retracted following the finding of errors in the coding of the variable for alcohol use disorder. Notably, the percentage of participants reaching threshold for alcohol use disorder on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tool increased from 7% to 21%.BackgroundUK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500,000 participants that offers unique opportunities to investigate multiple diseases and risk factors. An online mental health questionnaire completed by UK Biobank participants expands the potential for research into mental disorders.MethodsAn expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting with a service user group regarding acceptability. Operational criteria were agreed for defining likely disorder and risk states, including lifetime depression, mania/hypomania, generalised anxiety disorder, unusual experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorders.Results157,366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status. Lifetime depression was the most common finding in 24% of participants (37,434), with current alcohol use disorder criteria met by 21% (32,602), while other criteria were met by less than 8% of the participants. There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with a high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation.ConclusionsThe questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed due to selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health.

scholarly journals Nigerian cultural beliefs about mental health conditions and traditional healing: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Ezekiel Jidong ◽  
Di Bailey ◽  
Tholene Sodi ◽  
Linda Gibson ◽  
Natéwindé Sawadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Purpose This study aims to explore how cultural beliefs and traditions are integral to understanding indigenous mental health conditions (MHCs) and traditional healing (TH). However, Nigerian cultural beliefs about MHCs and TH are under-researched. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative design using critical realist and social constructionist perspectives to explore Nigerian mental health-care practitioners (MHCPs) and lay participants’ (LPs) views regarding MHCs and TH. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 53 participants (MHCPs = 26; LPs = 27; male = 32; female = 21) in four Nigerian cities (Ado-Ekiti, Enugu, Jos and Zaria). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analyses. Findings The data sets revealed three overarching themes, namely, existing cultural beliefs about MHCs as spiritual curse; description of TH as the first treatment modality for MHCs; and perceived stigma associated with MHCs and help-seeking behaviours. Originality/value A study on Nigerian cultural beliefs and TH contributes meaningfully to mental health systems. Future research and policy initiatives could explore ways of optimising TH practices and community awareness programmes to increase access to mental health care in Nigeria.

Hiding but hoping to be found: workplace disclosure dilemmas of individuals with hidden disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Workplace Interactions ◽  
Hidden Disabilities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe workplace disclosure dilemmas of individuals with hidden mental health conditions who have privately accepted their mental health condition (anxiety and/or depression), but have chosen not to disclose it in their respective workplaces.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with 15 individuals who experience anxiety and/or depression. These individuals work across diverse organizations and sectors in India (e.g. architecture and health care). Data were analyzed using qualitative methods.FindingsInterviewees grappled with three dilemmas: professionalism versus authenticity (i.e. bringing only a partial professional self or the whole self to work), withdrawal versus participation (i.e. withdrawal from workplace interactions to conceal their condition or participation such that people could know of it) and personal privacy versus general advocacy (i.e. guarding one's privacy or engaging in advocacy for individuals who experience mental health conditions). Overall, findings suggest that the disclosure dilemma can stem from both one's internalized sense of a devalued self and by perceived contextual cues.Research limitations/implicationsFindings imply that perceived contextual conditions that amplify threat of discovery and its anticipated consequences can lead to and reinforce the disclosure dilemma. As individuals internalize others' constructions of themselves, they self-police and do not interrogate assumed normality within their social contexts.Practical implicationsEmployers can create inclusive environments. Present findings suggest some examples of inclusive practices such as the employment of dedicated resident counselors or counselors shared across organizations, training of stakeholders (including human resource personnel), allowing for selective disclosure (e.g. only to medical personnel) and cultivating informal support networks comprising similar others.Originality/valueSuch evidence-based research that can inform practices of inclusion for persons with a disability is especially important, considering that research on mental health conditions is conspicuous by its relative absence in mainstream management journals.

Forecasting mental health and emotions based on social media expressions during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonela Tommasel ◽  
Andrés Diaz-Pace ◽  
Juan Manuel Rodriguez ◽  
Daniela Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Communication Policies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for forecasting mental health conditions and emotions of a given population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina based on social media contents. Design/methodology/approach Mental health conditions and emotions are captured via markers, which link social media contents with lexicons. First, the authors build time series models that describe the evolution of markers and their correlation with crisis events. Second, the authors use the time series for forecasting markers and identifying high prevalence points for the estimated markers. Findings The authors evaluated different forecasting strategies that yielded different performance and capabilities. In the best scenario, high prevalence periods of emotions and mental health issues can be satisfactorily predicted with a neural network strategy, even at early stages of a crisis (e.g. a training period of seven days). Practical implications This work contributes to a better understanding of how psychological processes related to crises manifest in social media, and this is a valuable asset for the design, implementation and monitoring of health prevention and communication policies. Originality/value Although there have been previous efforts to predict mental states of individuals, the analysis of mental health at the collective level has received scarce attention. The authors take a step forward by proposing a forecasting approach for analyzing the mental health of a given population at a larger scale.

scholarly journals Do return to work interventions for workers with disabilities and health conditions achieve employment outcomes and are they cost effective? A systematic narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Dibben ◽  
Geoffrey Wood ◽  
Rachel O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Lower Back

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate existing evidence on whether return to work interventions achieve employment outcomes and are cost effective in order to better inform those needing accommodations at work, as well as their line managers and trade union representatives, occupational health specialists and HR managers. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a systematic narrative review to evaluate the evidence on the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of return to work initiatives. Findings Evidence on interventions for musculoskeletal conditions such as lower back pain indicates that certain forms of intervention such as vocational rehabilitation and workplace-based rehabilitation facilitate outcomes such as employment, reduced sick leave and effective return to work. However, there is very little evidence on whether these interventions are cost effective. More generally there are glaring gaps in evidence on cardio-respiratory (heart and breathing) and mental health conditions with regard to both employment outcomes and the cost of interventions. Research limitations/implications This systematic review has critical and timely implications for both knowledge development and practice. While highlighting methodological limitations in the existing research base, it also presents avenues for further research on return work strategies and the factors inhibiting and facilitating their adoption and effective operation. Originality/value Although there is much existent literature on the return to work process, far less attention has been paid to the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of interventions. This paper highlights the interventions for musculoskeletal conditions such as lower back conditions that may result in positive employment outcomes, with implications for practice. However, it also highlights gaps in evidence on the employment outcomes and cost effectiveness of interventions for cardio-respiratory (heart and breathing) and mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Police Officers’ Ability in Recognizing Relevant Mental Health Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Wittmann ◽  
Gunter Groen ◽  
Petra Hampel ◽  
Ronja Petersen ◽  
Astrid Jörns-Presentati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic

The recognition of certain mental health conditions is important as this requires police officers to communicate and behave in an adjusted manner with affected individuals. The objective of the present study was to test police officers’ knowledge about mental health symptoms as a component of their mental health literacy (MHL) and to examine if police officers’ perceived knowledge corresponds with their actual knowledge. A questionnaire was used to assess for MHL representing mental health conditions which occur frequently in police requests (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, and emotionally unstable personality disorder). Furthermore, the questionnaire assessed the frequency of police requests, the officers’ perceived knowledge regarding mental disorders and their sense of feeling sufficiently trained to deal with these kinds of requests. Eighty-two police officers participated in the study. Police officers’ actual knowledge about mental health conditions did not correspond with their perceived knowledge. Participants revealed a moderately high level of overall knowledge which differed with regard to symptoms of each of the five mental health conditions. The mental status of a paranoid schizophrenia was best identified by the police officers and the majority correctly allocated the symptoms. Post-traumatic stress disorders and manic episodes were only identified by a minority of police offers. Police training geared to prepare for requests involving individuals with mental disorders should expand this limited knowledge transfer and focus on a broader variety of mental health conditions that police officers frequently encounter in requests.

scholarly journals Dysphagia assessment and intervention: evaluating inclusive approaches using video

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Susan Guthrie ◽  
Jois Stansfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service User ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Purpose Dysphagia experienced by adults with mental health conditions and/or intellectual disabilities (IDs) has been well-reported. However, accessible and inclusive assessment measures to identify and monitor for deterioration in dysphagia are very limited. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of video to enhance inclusion in dysphagia assessment and intervention for an inpatient setting. Design/methodology/approach This service evaluation involved adults with IDs and mental illness living in in-patient accommodation and their multidisciplinary team. Participants were invited to film and then reflect on videos and their comments were transcribed for qualitative analysis. Findings In total, 42 adults gave consent to film, review and discuss mealtime video-clips. Staff feedback was invited. Thematic analysis was conducted for service-user and staff comments. A global theme of “involvement” was identified from the data analysis, with sub-themes of “enhancing participation, insight and incentive”. An additional global theme “clinical benefits” resulted from staff comments. This included sub-themes of breadth of assessment, shared working and outcome measures. Research limitations/implications Limitations included refusal of video by people with heightened anxiety but these were a minority. Most people showed enthusiasm and enhanced engagement. Practical issues were resolved regarding governance. Practical implications Video offers a dynamic record of muscle tone, coordination, mealtime experience and individual context benefiting both service-user and staff practice. It stimulates insightful discussion of outcomes and supports the inclusion of service-user perspectives. Further research is indicated to develop a greater understanding of dysphagia in this population. Inclusion of service-users in planning and managing safer mealtimes may be enhanced through the sensitive use of video. Social implications This evaluation suggests opportunities for improving inclusive approaches for service-users using video to promote insight. Originality/value Further research is indicated to explore the nature of dysphagia in people with mental health conditions using video as a dynamic and unique resource.

scholarly journals Coping with mental health conditions at work and its impact on self-perceived job performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-645
Author(s):  
Sophie Hennekam ◽  
Sarah Richard ◽  
François Grima
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Work Strategies ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals

PurposeThis exploratory qualitative study examines both the impact of mental health conditions on self-perceived job performance and how individuals with mental health conditions cope with their conditions at work.Design/methodology/approachA total of 257 responses to a qualitative questionnaire and 17 in-depth interviews with individuals with mental health conditions are analyzed.FindingsThe findings show that mental health conditions can negatively impact self-perceived job performance in the form of lower quality of one's work, slower pace, and more mistakes. In addition, the findings reveal coping strategies that positively and negatively affect one’s performance at work. Strategies that negatively influence one’s performance include substance abuse and self-harm, suppressing and hiding one's symptoms, and forcing oneself to continue to work when feeling unwell. Coping strategies that tend to positively affect their performance include accepting one's condition and taking time off, medication and counseling, mindfulness activities, transparent communication, humor, and a compensation strategy.Originality/valueA growing number of individuals struggle with mental health conditions at work, impacting both organizations and employees. However, little is known about the influence of mental health conditions on one's performance at work, how individuals cope with their mental health conditions at work, and what effect those coping strategies have on organization-relevant outcomes.

scholarly journals Shifting culture and taking action to reduce smoking and premature death among people with a mental health condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Harker ◽  
Hazel Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Mental health conditions affect almost a quarter of the population who die on average 10-20 years earlier than the general population. Smoking is the single largest cause of this gap in life expectancy. Smoking rates among people with mental health conditions have barely changed over the last 20 years during a time when rates have been steadily falling in the general population. Action is needed to address the growing difference in smoking rates among those with a mental health condition compared to the general population. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This work has been informed by the input of a wide range of experts and professionals from across public health, mental health and the wider NHS. Findings People with a mental health condition are just as likely to want to stop smoking as other smokers but they face more barriers to quitting and are more likely to be dependant and therefore need more support. Quitting smoking does not exacerbate poor mental health; in fact the positive impact of smoking cessation on anxiety and depression appears to be at least as large as antidepressants. Originality/value The full report outlines the high-level ambitions and the specific actions that must be realised to drive down smoking rates among those with a mental health condition.

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