Non-farm proprietorship employment by US metropolitan area

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Graham Debbage ◽  
Shaylee Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Us ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Employment Data

Purpose The entrepreneurial process is a result of an interaction between an individual entrepreneur and the surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether US metropolitan areas with disproportionately high shares of entrepreneurs are systematically linked to particular attributes of the entrepreneurial support system? Design/methodology/approach In this paper, non-farm proprietorship (NFP) employment data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis is used as a dependent variable proxy for entrepreneurship. NFP data are widely used in the entrepreneurship literature. Data on all independent variables were obtained from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics by metropolitan area and subject to a stepwise linear regression analysis. Findings The relative share of NFP employment by metropolitan area exhibited a strong positive relationship with percentage of employment in finance, insurance and real estate, median age, percentage of Hispanic population and median home value. It is argued that the combination of significant predictors captures both out-of-necessity self-employment (e.g. low-skilled Hispanic and aging populations) and a self-employment of opportunity (e.g. access to capital). Practical implications Public policies focused on nurturing entrepreneurial ecosystems must account for these divergent explanatory frameworks when attempting to encourage NFP employment. Originality/value The paper has an explicit spatial context that tends to be overlooked in the traditional entrepreneurship literature. The focus on out-of-necessity versus opportunity-based entrepreneurship, and how it is shaped by some key predictors at the metropolitan scale, is a relatively new angle.

Self-employment by US county: key predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-602
Author(s):  
Nichole M. Bignall ◽  
Keith G. Debbage
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Counties ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Employment Data

Purpose Some US counties are more likely to generate entrepreneurial opportunities than others. This paper aims to determine the linkages between US counties with disproportionately high shares of entrepreneurs and specific attributes of the entrepreneurial support system. Design/methodology/approach Non-farm proprietorship (NFP) has been used as a proxy for entrepreneurship and self-employment. NFP employment data were collected from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis by county. Data on all independent variables were obtained from the US Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis by county and subject to stepwise linear regression analysis. Findings Results revealed a strong positive relationship between the percent of NFP employment by county and the percent real estate, rental and leasing employment and construction employment as well as percent Hispanic and median age. Practical implications In attempting to encourage NFP employment, policymakers should be more aware of the key predictors that shape county-wide entrepreneurial ecosystems to enhance competitive advantage. Better understanding of the needs and experiences of different types of entrepreneurs and ecosystems can enhance overall quality of life and economic opportunity levels in a community. Originality/value The explicit spatial context of this paper has sometimes been overlooked in the traditional entrepreneurship literature, as such, this paper helps fill that gap. The findings provide a disaggregated analysis that can help better understand the key predictors that can drive the local choices of entrepreneurs and help local policymakers to build more competitive communities.

Measures of success for self-employed mothers in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gabaldon ◽  
Celia De Anca ◽  
Concepcion Galdón
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employed Mothers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Alternative Measures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate alternative measures to better understand and measure success for self-employed mothers in addition to the usual financial indicators. Design/methodology/approach – The present study is a comparative analysis of time spent at work and undertaking childcare by female workers with children in Spain between 2009 and 2010, using a combination of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis based on the Time-Use Survey 2009-2010. Findings – The results of the paper indicate that self-employed working mothers tend to spend more time with their children when these are under the age of ten, and that they work longer hours than salaried mothers. Research limitations/implications – This paper has some limitations due to the quantitative approach to secondary data. Further qualitative research could clarify some of the findings; moreover the study is based on Spain, so extending to other countries would help validate the results. Social implications – Policy makers, in general – but more specifically in high unemployment scenarios – can facilitate self-employment for both men and women to reduce unemployment and to offer workers the prospect of a more balanced life. Originality/value – This research contributes to the existing literature, which fosters a more holistic approach to the analysis of female-run ventures by measuring performance using not only economic indicators, but also personal achievements.

Amid many unknowns, EM assets will remain strained

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Treasury Bonds ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bond Yield ◽  
The Us ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
Treasury Bond ◽  
Mexican Peso ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics

Subject Emerging markets under strain from dollar rally. Significance The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported on January 6 that average hourly earnings grew at the fastest pace since 2009 in December -- a further fillip to the ‘trumpflation trade’ that has gripped financial markets since the victory of Donald Trump in the US presidential election. Expectations of further Fed rate increases have driven the dollar index and the ten-year Treasury bond yield higher, straining emerging market (EM) assets. EM mutual equity funds have suffered a wave of uninterrupted outflows since Trump’s victory. The Mexican peso and the Turkish lira have plumbed record lows against the dollar. Impacts Many EMs are preparing to sell dollar-denominated debt in anticipation of higher borrowing costs, including Argentina, Brazil and Nigeria. Speculative bets against US Treasury bonds have risen to a record high amid expectations of higher US inflation and further rate hikes. The stock of negative-yielding government bonds stands at 10.8 trillion dollars, fuelling demand for higher-yielding securities. In April, the US Treasury’s next Foreign Exchange Report could label China a currency manipulator though the criteria would need to change.

Public procurement and the BLS: operationalizing occupational duties

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 510-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Steinfeld ◽  
Eric Prier ◽  
Clifford McCue
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Job Activities

Purpose – Procurement is a specific, yet dynamic area of work and study that is recognized as an occupation by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, there is growing literature that substantiates differences in theory and practice, between procurement practitioners in the private and public sectors. The purpose of this paper is to validate the procurement occupational duties identified by the BLS with actual job activities performed and managed by public sector practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a survey of public sector practitioners to obtain information with regards to occupational duties and job activities in public procurement, as compared to a BLS proxy for procurement. Findings – Public procurement practitioners complete the occupational duties identified by BLS, yet there is one occupational duty in public procurement that is absent from the BLS description for procurement. Practical implications – Empirical data and analysis identifies the potential for public procurement to be considered its own occupation separate from private sector procurement, providing a foundation for development, management, and professionalization of the field. Originality/value – The public procurement practitioners who completed the survey have a high degree of professional orientation based on certifications held and professional association membership, a foundation for generating applicatory results for studying the actual occupational duties in procurement. The specialized job activities performed and managed in perhaps the fastest growing occupation within public sector management are catalogued in this study.

scholarly journals Impact of college education on incorporated and unincorporated self-employment: variations among African Americans and Hispanics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Guo ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Denis Iurchenko
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
College Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Racial Variations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study examines the impact of college education on incorporated and unincorporated self-employments. It specifically compares the effects on African Americans and Hispanics with the effects on Whites.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample was drawn from the US Current Population Survey between 1989 and 2018. Based on a sample size of 1,657,043 individuals, this study employed logit regression models to test the hypotheses. Racial variations were examined using African Americans and Hispanics as moderators.FindingsThe results suggest that college education increases incorporated self-employment and reduces unincorporated self-employment. The impact of college education on incorporated self-employment is stronger for African Americans and Hispanics than for Whites. In contrast, its effect on unincorporated self-employment is stronger for Whites than for African Americans and Hispanics.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings provide empirical evidence of how college experience changes the motivation of starting an incorporated or unincorporated business. The results suggest that college education impacts African Americans and Hispanics differently than Whites in pursuing their career path of entrepreneurship.Originality/valueIt is the first study that examines the relationship between college education and incorporated/unincorporated self-employment. It also sheds light on radical variations.

Entrepreneurship and the consequences of healthcare policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Salvino ◽  
Michael Tasto ◽  
Gregory Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Policy ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employment Data ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run impact of federal government healthcare subsidies on the level of entrepreneurship as measured by self-employment. Design/methodology/approach – Using annual healthcare and employment data from 1948 through 1999, the paper empirically examines the relationship between the growth in employer-provided healthcare and the rate of self-employment as a share of the non-agriculture, civilian labor force. Findings – The regression results imply that there is a consistent effect that has appeared over time – where federal healthcare subsidies have disproportionately benefitted larger firms, contributing to the decline in the rate of self-employment, within-firm innovation, and factor mobility over time. Research limitations/implications – The research in this study is limited by the examination of self-employment only and a constant institutional structure across all states, only varying across time for the entire USA. In addition, an empirical study looking at how the value of healthcare benefits have changed over time – vs the sole question in this study that depends upon whether or not an individual is covered or not would be very useful in determining the true effect on an entrepreneur. Social implications – Reducing or removing the layers of healthcare subsidies would bring about an increase in the transparency of the wage-productivity relationship and a more efficient allocation of labor and entrepreneurial ability across firm sizes. Originality/value – This paper presents empirical evidence supporting specific improvements to national healthcare policy at a time when such policy is undergoing significant change with consequences for entrepreneurial decision making.

Gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: improved initial response with two isocenters and increasing dose

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy E. Alpert ◽  
Chung T. Chung ◽  
Lisa T. Mitchell ◽  
Charles J. Hodge ◽  
Craig T. Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improvement Score ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors sought to evaluate the initial response of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) to gamma knife surgery (GKS) based on the number of shots delivered and radiation dose. Methods. Between September 1998 and September 2003, some 63 patients with TN refractory to medical or surgical management underwent GKS at Upstate Medical University. Ten patients had multiple sclerosis and 25 patients had undergone prior invasive treatment. Gamma knife surgery was delivered to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone in one shot in 27 patients or two shots in 36 patients. The radiation dose was escalated to less than or equal to 80 Gy in 20 patients, 85 Gy in 21 patients, and greater than or equal to 90 Gy in 22 patients. Pain before and after GKS was assessed using the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Scale and the improvement score was analyzed as a function of dose grouping and number of shots. Sixty patients were available for evaluation, with an initial overall and complete response rate of 90% and 27%, respectively. There was a greater improvement score for patients who were treated with two shots compared with one shot, mean 2.83 compared with 1.72 (p < 0.001). There was an increased improvement in score at each dose escalation level: less than or equal to 80 Gy (p = 0.017), 85 Gy (p < 0.001), and greater than or equal to 90 Gy (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis also indicated that there was a greater response with an increased dose (p = 0.021). Patients treated with two shots were more likely to receive a higher dose (p < 0.001). There were no severe complications. Five patients developed mild facial numbness. Conclusions. Gamma knife surgery is an effective therapy for TN. Initial response rates appear to correlate with the number of shots and dose.

OCIE issues risk alert on the most frequently identified advisory fee and expense compliance issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Robert Van Grover
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Investment Advisers ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose To summarize and interpret a Risk Alert issued on April 12, 2018 by the US SEC’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE) on the most frequent advisory fee and expense compliance issues identified in recent examinations of investment advisers. Design/methodology/approach Summarizes deficiencies identified by the OCIE staff pertaining to advisory fees and expenses in the following categories: fee billing based on incorrect account valuations, billing fees in advance or with improper frequency, applying incorrect fee rates, omitting rebates and applying discounts incorrectly, disclosure issues involving advisory fees, and adviser expense misallocations. Findings In the Risk Alert, OCIE staff emphasized the importance of disclosures regarding advisory fees and expenses to the ability of clients to make informed decisions, including whether or not to engage or retain an adviser. Practical implications In light of the issues identified in the Risk Alert, advisers should assess the accuracy of disclosures and adequacy of policies and procedures regarding advisory fee billing and expenses. As a matter of best practice, advisers should implement periodic forensic reviews of billing practices to identify and correct issues relating to fee billing and expenses. Originality/value Expert guidance from experienced investment management lawyer.

Are leaders with postgraduate degrees perceived to be more transformational? A quasi-experimental field study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Mendelson ◽  
Jasmine Alam ◽  
Chris Cunningham ◽  
Adam Totton ◽  
Carrie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Master's Degree ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Master’S Degree

PurposeTransformational leadership has been shown to have a positive impact on a host of employee level and organizational performance indicators. However, little research has sought to understand some of the antecedents of this style of leadership. The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between having a post-secondary education and perceptions of transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from two surveys issued in a mid-sized energy company located on the eastern seaboard of North America. One-way ANOVA comparing employees’ perceptions of transformational leadership exhibited by their supervisors that either did or did not have a post-graduate degree demonstrated a strong, positive relationship between the attainment of a Master’s degree and perceived levels of transformational leadership qualities.FindingsThe findings of this quasi-experimental field study demonstrated a strong, positive relationship between the attainment of a Master’s degree and perceived levels of transformational leadership qualities.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that more educated managers are generally perceived to be more transformational in their leadership style.

Absence of the weekend effect and industry-style portfolios

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-475
Author(s):  
Selma Izadi ◽  
Abdullah Noman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Weekend Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Portfolio ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The existence of the weekend effect has been reported from the 1950s to 1970s in the US stock markets. Recently, Robins and Smith (2016, Critical Finance Review, 5: 417-424) have argued that the weekend effect has disappeared after 1975. Using data on the market portfolio, they document existence of structural break before 1975 and absence of any weekend effects after that date. The purpose of this study is to contribute some new empirical evidences on the weekend effect for the industry-style portfolios in the US stock market using data over 90 years. Design/methodology/approach The authors re-examine persistence or reversal of the weekend effect in the industry portfolios consisting of The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) and The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations exchange (NASDAQ) stocks using daily returns from 1926 to 2017. Our results confirm varying dates for structural breaks across industrial portfolios. Findings As for the existence of weekend effects, the authors get mixed results for different portfolios. However, the overall findings provide broad support for the absence of weekend effects in most of the industrial portfolios as reported in Robins and Smith (2016). In addition, structural breaks for other weekdays and days of the week effects for other days have also been documented in the paper. Originality/value As far as the authors are aware, this paper is the first research that analyzes weekend effect for the industry-style portfolios in the US stock market using data over 90 years.

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