Measures of success for self-employed mothers in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gabaldon ◽  
Celia De Anca ◽  
Concepcion Galdón
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employed Mothers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Alternative Measures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate alternative measures to better understand and measure success for self-employed mothers in addition to the usual financial indicators. Design/methodology/approach – The present study is a comparative analysis of time spent at work and undertaking childcare by female workers with children in Spain between 2009 and 2010, using a combination of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis based on the Time-Use Survey 2009-2010. Findings – The results of the paper indicate that self-employed working mothers tend to spend more time with their children when these are under the age of ten, and that they work longer hours than salaried mothers. Research limitations/implications – This paper has some limitations due to the quantitative approach to secondary data. Further qualitative research could clarify some of the findings; moreover the study is based on Spain, so extending to other countries would help validate the results. Social implications – Policy makers, in general – but more specifically in high unemployment scenarios – can facilitate self-employment for both men and women to reduce unemployment and to offer workers the prospect of a more balanced life. Originality/value – This research contributes to the existing literature, which fosters a more holistic approach to the analysis of female-run ventures by measuring performance using not only economic indicators, but also personal achievements.

Non-farm proprietorship employment by US metropolitan area

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Graham Debbage ◽  
Shaylee Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Us ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Employment Data

Purpose The entrepreneurial process is a result of an interaction between an individual entrepreneur and the surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether US metropolitan areas with disproportionately high shares of entrepreneurs are systematically linked to particular attributes of the entrepreneurial support system? Design/methodology/approach In this paper, non-farm proprietorship (NFP) employment data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis is used as a dependent variable proxy for entrepreneurship. NFP data are widely used in the entrepreneurship literature. Data on all independent variables were obtained from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics by metropolitan area and subject to a stepwise linear regression analysis. Findings The relative share of NFP employment by metropolitan area exhibited a strong positive relationship with percentage of employment in finance, insurance and real estate, median age, percentage of Hispanic population and median home value. It is argued that the combination of significant predictors captures both out-of-necessity self-employment (e.g. low-skilled Hispanic and aging populations) and a self-employment of opportunity (e.g. access to capital). Practical implications Public policies focused on nurturing entrepreneurial ecosystems must account for these divergent explanatory frameworks when attempting to encourage NFP employment. Originality/value The paper has an explicit spatial context that tends to be overlooked in the traditional entrepreneurship literature. The focus on out-of-necessity versus opportunity-based entrepreneurship, and how it is shaped by some key predictors at the metropolitan scale, is a relatively new angle.

A sport-oriented place branding strategy for cities, regions and countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Richelieu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Content Type

Purpose How could a city, a region or a country succeed in its attempt to use sport to (re-)define, position and promote itself? Consequently, what do jurisdictions and brand managers need to consider when using sporting events as a leverage to market themselves abroad? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws from a combination of an extensive literature review and secondary data collection in order to build a conceptual framework, entitled the “diamond” of place branding through sport. Findings Managers and politicians of cities, regions and countries should espouse a holistic approach when developing their place branding strategy through sport. This holistic approach can be articulated around four dimensions: sport, economic, commercial and social. Research limitations/implications Drawing mainly from a literature review, with the support of concrete examples, this is a first step within the confines of an exploratory research. A future study could analyze the specific cases of jurisdictions and how these fit within the conceptual framework articulated in this paper. Originality/value A place branding strategy through sport should be translated into a socio-economic legacy, with private and public benefits for the community. Ultimately, place branding through sport is one of the components of the overall place branding strategy of a jurisdiction.

Effect of off-farm income on multi-dimensional poverty among rural farm households in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Damilola Adeoye ◽  
Wayo Seini ◽  
Daniel Sarpong ◽  
Ditchfield Amegashie
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Geographical Regions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the different components of off-farm income on multi-dimensional poverty. Furthermore, the study aims to measure multi-dimensional poverty and also identify the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty in Nigeria. The paper reveals the different contributions of the dimensions of education, health and living standard. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on rural farm households in Nigeria. Data are obtained from the Nigeria General Household Survey, 2013. The survey covers both urban and rural areas of the 36 states of Nigeria. Owing to the interest of this study in the rural farm household’s sub-sector, a nationally representative sample of 836 rural farm households are selected for the study after the data merging process. Rural farm households in this paper earn 50 percent of their total income from crop and livestock production. The paper employs the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to measure multi-dimensional poverty across the six different geographical zones of Nigeria. The probit regression model is used to estimate and analyze the effect of off-farm income components on multi-dimensional poverty and also to identify the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty. Findings The results of the study show that among the off-farm income components, the non-farm wage income and non-farm self-employment income have negative association with multi-dimensional poverty. Findings show that multi-dimensional poverty is high in Nigeria with deprivations in health contributing the most. Northern Regions have a higher estimate. Results reveal that sex, age, number of adults, formal credit access, access to extension services and location characteristics are key determinants of multi-dimensional poverty. The MPI for Nigeria averaged 47 percent. Across regions, deprivation in the health dimension contributes about 44 percent to multi-dimensional poverty. Deprivation in living standards contributes 40.5 percent, while deprivation in education contributes 15.5 percent to multi-dimensional poverty. Research limitations/implications Due to the nature of the data used, the health indicators (nutrition and child mortality) are absent but proxies are used instead. Future research could introduce gender dimensions. Practical implications Improving the involvement of rural farm households in non-farm self-employment sector could improve their livelihoods and prevent migration to urban centers, especially among the youths. Social implications Improving the quality of health, education and living standards will lead to lower poverty levels in Nigeria. Farmers can best reduce their multi-dimensional poverty by engaging in more off-farm jobs. Originality/value This paper provides information to policy makers on the effect of different components of income from the off-farm sector on multi-dimensional poverty alongside with the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty at a national level for the rural farm households. By using MPI, the contribution of the different dimensions used in computing the MPI across the six geographical regions within the country is revealed. This provides policy makers with more information for development purposes.

scholarly journals A strategic managerial approach to corporate sports hospitality: the case of Belgian football

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Matteo Balliauw ◽  
Thomas Verlinden ◽  
Lisa De Croocq ◽  
Aline Fobe ◽  
Tomas Van Den Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
High Level

Purpose Corporate sports hospitality (CSH) is a relationship marketing tool whereby customers and other stakeholders are invited by a company buying CSH from a club to attend a sports event. The CSH product involves premium seating and optional services such as catering. This industry has been perceived to be in decline, especially in times of economic downturn. The purposes of this paper are a quantification of the CSH industry’s value and the development of a formal CSH management process for both companies and clubs. Design/methodology/approach A case study from the highest division in Belgian football (soccer) is conducted, involving interviews and quantitative data collection as the primary data source, in addition to secondary data and insights from the literature. As opposed to literature, this paper uses a holistic approach, combining the perspective of the club and the CSH buying company with attention for customers. Findings CSH returns account for an important share of club revenues (>10%), despite the smaller market compared to the American major sports leagues. Since a club experiences the strongest competitive impact from substitutes and other clubs in the league, and CSH is often managed on an ad hoc base, disposing of a formal management process is crucial for both clubs and companies. For companies buying CSH, not only return on investment but also return on other objectives matters. Moreover, CSH is at least as effective to deepen existing business relationships as to create new ones. Research limitations/implications The paper provides clubs and companies with a theoretic background and practical key performance indicators (KPIs) to base their managerial decisions on. Although external validity to other Belgian venue-based sports can reasonably be assumed, translating the findings to other countries or non-venue based sports requires caution. Originality/value Little academic research about the CSH industry is available. Specific KPIs to define objectives and measure output, as well as feedback loops for clubs and companies, are developed. The proposed CSH management process follows the same high-level steps, but with different specific actions per actor, leading to a better understanding of similarities and differences of both processes, and a better co-creation of the CSH event.

Self-employment by US county: key predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-602
Author(s):  
Nichole M. Bignall ◽  
Keith G. Debbage
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Counties ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Employment Data

Purpose Some US counties are more likely to generate entrepreneurial opportunities than others. This paper aims to determine the linkages between US counties with disproportionately high shares of entrepreneurs and specific attributes of the entrepreneurial support system. Design/methodology/approach Non-farm proprietorship (NFP) has been used as a proxy for entrepreneurship and self-employment. NFP employment data were collected from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis by county. Data on all independent variables were obtained from the US Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis by county and subject to stepwise linear regression analysis. Findings Results revealed a strong positive relationship between the percent of NFP employment by county and the percent real estate, rental and leasing employment and construction employment as well as percent Hispanic and median age. Practical implications In attempting to encourage NFP employment, policymakers should be more aware of the key predictors that shape county-wide entrepreneurial ecosystems to enhance competitive advantage. Better understanding of the needs and experiences of different types of entrepreneurs and ecosystems can enhance overall quality of life and economic opportunity levels in a community. Originality/value The explicit spatial context of this paper has sometimes been overlooked in the traditional entrepreneurship literature, as such, this paper helps fill that gap. The findings provide a disaggregated analysis that can help better understand the key predictors that can drive the local choices of entrepreneurs and help local policymakers to build more competitive communities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Financial and Non-Financial Indicators on the Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Rafika Mardillasari ◽  
Sufyati HS ◽  
Ali Muktiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Directional Effect ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial indicators (CAR, FDR, BOPO, NIM, NPF) and non-financial (number of bank offices, market share, GCG, CSR) on profitability that is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) of Islamic Banks in 2014 -2018. The data source used is secondary data from 2014-2018. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and the classic assumption test. Findings. The results of the study are that CAR does not have a significant negative effect. FDR does not have a significant negative directional effect. BOPO has a significant negative effect. NIM has a positive positive significant effect. NPF has a significant negative effect. The number of bank offices has no significant positive effect. Market share does not have a significant negative directional effect. GCG does not have a significant negative effect. CSR has a significant negative effect.  The adjusted R2 value is 73.21% while the remaining 26.79% is influenced by other variables outside the study so the researcher should further add other variables.

scholarly journals Expectations and achievements in new firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kolvereid ◽  
Espen John Isaksen
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Subjective Expectations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interest Policy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents of business growth expectations and subsequent accumulated sales revenues and employment costs. Hypotheses are derived guided by the theory of planned behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The authors followed a sample of 207 incorporated businesses started in May/June 2002 over a ten-year period. The hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings The results suggest that the entrepreneurs’ need for social cohesion, subjective norm with regard to business growth and perceived self-efficacy with regard to opportunity recognition are positively and significantly associated with business growth expectations. These expectations, reported at the time of business registration, accurately predict subsequent short-term as well as long-term accumulated sales revenues and labour costs, but this is not the case for entrepreneurs with novel business ideas. Practical implications Since entrepreneurs’ attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy are possible to change, the findings should interest policy makers and educators. Measures aimed at enhancing the antecedents of entrepreneurs’ growth expectations should be considered. The findings that growth expectations have a long-lasting effect on sales and employment stress the importance of entrepreneurs’ subjective expectations for outcomes in new businesses. Originality/value There is a lack of studies using a longitudinal design when investigating the link between initial business growth expectations and subsequent firm outcomes. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature in this regard by using high-quality secondary data to examine firm achievements.

Informality: does financial development matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Aeggarchat Sirisankanan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Financial development may be an alternative policy for controlling informal employment. However, there is still an ambiguous relationship between financial development and informal employment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial development on informal employment. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on both the occupational choice model and on the concept of financial development and economic growth which can produce either a positive or negative relationship between financial development and informal employment. Consequently, the author formulated empirical specifications and applied an econometric technique to examine the actual relationship. Findings The empirical results indicated that financial development can reduce informal employment. The author also found that the relationship between financial development and informal employment varies, depending on the level of economic growth and development. Research limitations/implications Even though there are many types of informal employment, this paper uses only informal self-employment as a proxy of informal employment. To implement it properly, all types of informal employment should also be examined. Practical implications Becoming informal employment depends on several factors; policy makers for each country should carefully examine the specific relationship between financial development and informal employment for their own country. Social implications The paper presents alternative choices for policy makers to control informal employment by increasing financial development, especially in developing countries. This policy also includes promoting microfinance which will contribute to both formality and increasing the strength of the community. Originality/value From the two possible impacts of financial development on informal employment, this paper affirms that financial development can reduce informal employment.

Evaluation of industry cluster competitiveness: a quantitative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2318-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Bhawsar ◽  
Utpal Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Industry Clusters ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Analytical Hierarchical Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative approach to measure industry clusters competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach An attempt has been made to construct a composite indicator backed up by a conceptually grounded framework, by means of Analytical Hierarchical Process technique. Four industry clusters from auto sector in India are chosen for manifestation of the methodology. Findings The proposed methodology sufficiently emphasises on the order of significance of the factors/indicators that make a cluster competitive. The study demonstrates the comparative competitiveness performance of four select industry clusters from India. Research limitations/implications The methodology only focusses on auto clusters from India, application of the model/methodology needs to be extended to other set of industries that follows tier structure, or belong to other developing nations to corroborate the findings. Practical implications The proposed approach is a useful tool to provide guidance to policy-makers and in monitoring industry clusters progress. Originality/value The paper offers an empirical approach for measuring competitiveness of industry clusters. So far there has been only a minuscule research on cluster competitiveness using empirical methods specifically in case of developing countries like India. Because of the heterogeneity of actors in industry clusters and absence of cluster relevant databases, its performance has been mostly captured via means of case studies. This study is one of its kind that renders comparison of competitiveness across industry clusters by combining secondary data with the perception of cluster actors.

Did the ACA reduce job-lock and spur entrepreneurship?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Condliffe ◽  
Matt B. Saboe ◽  
Sabrina Terrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Job Lock ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dependent Coverage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of the recent Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) Dependent Mandate (DM) that requires health insurers to extend dependent coverage to the children of their insured, up to age 26. The DM has the potential to free young persons from “job lock,” enabling them to engage in entrepreneurial activity. Using the American Community Survey, the authors analyze the change in self-employment for ages 18-25 relative to the implementation of the DM. Design/methodology/approach The authors approach the research question in a unique manner and in doing so, extend the literature. Employing national data, the authors focus on young adults impacted by the DM (those under the age of 26 may remain on their parents’ insurance). While the DM is a condition of the ACA, prior to its implementation several states had already passed their own such provision. The authors exploit this state-by-state variation in the methodology. Findings The authors find no evidence that the ACA has stimulated self-employment among all young adults. However, the authors determine that the DM has a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of students being self-employed. The result is even more pronounced when using a stricter definition of entrepreneurship, an incorporated business. Sub-group analyses show no evidence of a significant effect on entrepreneurship among young adults in other groups. The results remain after conducting various falsification tests. Originality/value The paper empirically addresses the commonly held belief that the ACA is creating new businesses via reduced job lock. Policy makers may wish to target other explanations of job lock rather than health insurance availability.

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