Assessing individual readiness for change in healthcare: a review of measurement scales

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Beasley ◽  
Sandra Grace ◽  
Louise Horstmanshof
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Change Leaders ◽  
Response To Change

PurposeUnderstanding how individuals respond and adapt to change is essential to assist leaders to manage transformational change effectively. Contemporary health care environments are characterised by frequent and rapid change, often with unrealistic and challenging timeframes. Researchers have employed a range of assessment scales to assess individual readiness for change. Hence, to select the appropriate scale, it is critical to compare the properties of these instruments. A scoping review will be conducted to identify scales that measure an individual's response to change in the healthcare environment.Design/methodology/approachIn this article the authors used the PIC (Population or Problem, Interest, and Context) design and undertook a comprehensive literature search conducted in Eric, MEDLINE, EmCare, CINAHL, PsychINFO and PubMed. Management databases were also searched including Business Source Premium (Ebesco) and Business Collection (InfoRMIT). Reference lists were scrutinized, and citation searches were performed of the included studies. The primary outcome was the quality of the literature searches and the secondary outcome was time spent on the literature search when the PIC model was used as a search strategy tool, compared to the use of another conceptualizing tool or unguided searching.FindingsThis scoping review identified eight scales used to measure an individual's response to change. This scoping review did not identify any individual change readiness scales specifically designed for use in the healthcare environment. However, two scales (the Acceptance of Change Scale and the Resistance to Change Scale) had applicability across a wide variety of organisational settings.Research limitations/implicationsScoping reviews do not set out to comprehensively source all relevant literature but rather to ascertain the nature and extent of the published literature in the field. Therefore, it is possible that a systematic review might uncover additional relevant papers.Practical implicationsThis scoping review will assist change leaders to gain a better understanding of the different scales used to measure individual response to change.Originality/valueTo manage change effectively, change leaders first need to develop an understanding of how individuals respond and adapt to change. Change leaders require the necessary scales to assist them to understand change processes, providing an understanding of where individuals are placed on the change continuum. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this scoping review is the first of its kind to identify and review scales to measure individual response to change.

Responding and adapting to change: an allied health perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Lisa Beasley ◽  
Sandra Grace ◽  
Louise Horstmanshof
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Change Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Change Leaders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the response and adaption to change of allied health professionals. Understanding how individuals respond and adapt to change is essential to assist leaders to manage transformational change effectively. Contemporary health-care environments are characterised by frequent and rapid change, often with unrealistic and challenging time frames. Individuals operate independently, but also as members of teams, professions and organisations. Therefore, having a sound understanding of individual response to change is important for change leaders. In the Australian context, allied health professionals represent a quarter of the health-care workforce. There is a significant gap in understanding how allied health professionals respond and adapt to change. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review was designed to report on the nature and extent of the literature on the response and adaption to change in the context of allied health professionals. Change leaders in the health-care environment face a number of complex challenges when attempting to facilitate change. While this scoping review did not identify any specific literature on the response and adaption to change of allied health professionals, it did however provide information on change models and factors to take into consideration when implementing a change process. Findings The results of this scoping review identified findings in two main areas with regard to response and adaptation of allied health to change: a review of change management literature at the organisation level and change management for allied health. Most of the literature described organisational level change management without providing a structural framework for change. At the professional individual level, the literature focused on specific clinical interventions, rather than on the response and adaption to change for allied health. Minimal literature was identified in regard to the response and adaption to change of allied health professionals. In an environment characterised by continuous change and policy reform, a greater understanding of the response and adaption to change by allied health is a priority for research, policy and practice. Research limitations/implications This scoping review was undertaken to explore the response and adaption to change of allied health. It sought to identify the factors that may explain why certain disciplines within the allied health professional group responded to change differently. Scoping reviews do not set out to comprehensively source all relevant literature but rather to ascertain the nature and extent of the published literature in the field. Therefore, it is possible that a systematic review might uncover additional relevant papers. However, this scoping review provides a clear indication of the nature and extent of the literature in allied health. Practical implications Social implications This scoping review will assist change leaders to gain a better understanding of theoretical frameworks of individual, team and organisational change processes and the impacts these have individually and collectively on change processes. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this scoping review is the first of its kind to identify the minimal literature available on the way allied health professionals respond and adapt to change.

scholarly journals An assessment of scoping review reporting within paramedicine: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Williams ◽  
Bronwyn Beovich
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Emergency Medical Service Personnel ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Scoping Studies ◽  
Full Text Screening

Aim This study aimed to examine the quality of published paramedic scoping reviews against pre-existing frameworks to assess the extent to which they fulfil the requirements of this methodological approach. Subsequently, recommendations will be presented regarding improvements for future paramedic scoping reviews. Methods A scoping review was conducted guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was performed in six electronic databases as well as the grey literature to identify previous scoping reviews that focussed on paramedic or emergency medical service personnel. Relevant data were extracted from included articles and presented in narrative and tabular formats. Results The literature search initially identified 475 articles, of which 20 remained after title/abstract and full-text screening. There was a general increase in the number of studies published over time, the majority of articles (80%) had conducted their scoping review utilising published frameworks, and 75% of first authors were paramedics. Although many areas of these reports comply with published guidelines, there was an overall lack of consistency in the specific information included, the level of detail of that information, and the location of information within the reports. Conclusion All paramedic scoping studies should be reported with the use of a published framework to enable standardisation in the reporting, thus facilitating understanding, reproducibility, and utility. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews provides a checklist and thorough explanations of each step in the reporting process and is recommended for use with all future paramedic scoping reviews.

scholarly journals Physical functioning limitations and physical activity of people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sinéad Kiernan ◽  
David Mockler ◽  
Clíona Ní Cheallaigh ◽  
Julie Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background: Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. This review aimed to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels, and how these constructs are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings  and a grey literature search was also performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. Results: We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=11) and there were 4 qualitative studies. The following physical focused measures were evaluated across studies; mobility levels (n=2), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), physical activity levels (n=6) and exercise capacity (n=3). The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. Conclusion: This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.

scholarly journals Palliative care for people who use substances during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e053124
Author(s):  
Daniel Z Buchman ◽  
Philip Ding ◽  
Samantha Lo ◽  
Naheed Dosani ◽  
Rouhi Fazelzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCommunicable disease epidemics and pandemics magnify the health inequities experienced by marginalised populations. People who use substances suffer from high rates of morbidity and mortality and should be a priority to receive palliative care, yet they encounter many barriers to palliative care access. Given the pre-existing inequities to palliative care access for people with life-limiting illnesses who use substances, it is important to understand the impact of communicable disease epidemics and pandemics such as COVID-19 on this population.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review and report according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in seven bibliographical databases from the inception of each database to August 2020. We also performed a grey literature search to identify the publications not indexed in the bibliographical databases. All the searches will be rerun in April 2021 to retrieve recently published information because the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing at the time of this writing. We will extract the quantitative data using a standardised data extraction form and summarise it using descriptive statistics. Additionally, we will conduct thematic qualitative analyses and present our findings as narrative summaries.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for a scoping review. We will disseminate our findings to healthcare providers and policymakers through professional networks, digital communications through social media platforms, conference presentations and publication in a scientific journal.

scholarly journals History and scientific background on the economics of abortion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257360
Author(s):  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Cheri Poss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
World Region ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Approximately one quarter of all pregnancies globally end in abortion, making it one of the most common gynecological practices worldwide. Despite the high incidence of abortion around the globe, the synthesis of known economic outcomes of abortion care and policies is lacking. Using data from a systematic scoping review, we synthesized the literature on the economics of abortion at the microeconomic, mesoeconomic, and mesoeconomic levels and presented the results in a collection of studies. This article describes the history and scientific background for collection, presents the scoping review framework, and discusses the value of this knowledge base. Methods and findings We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region were considered. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and/or value of abortion-related care or policies. Our searches yielded 19,653 unique items, of which 365 items were included in our final inventory. Studies most often reported costs (n = 262), followed by impacts (n = 140), benefits (n = 58), and values (n = 40). Approximately one quarter (89/365) of studies contained information on the secondary outcome on stigma. Economic factors can lead to a delay in abortion care-seeking and can restrict health systems from adequately meeting the demand for abortion services. Provision of post-abortion care (PAC) services requires more resources then safe abortion services. Lack of insurance or public funding for abortion services can increase the cost of services and the overall economic impact on individuals both seeking and providing care. Conclusions Consistent economic themes emerge from research on abortion, though evidence gaps remain that need to be addressed through more standardized methods and consideration to framing of abortion issues in economics terms. Given the highly charged political nature of abortion around the world, it is imperative that researchers continue to build the evidence base on economic outcomes of abortion services and regulations.

scholarly journals The economics of abortion and its links with stigma: A secondary analysis from a scoping review on the economics of abortion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246238
Author(s):  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Cheri Poss ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
World Region ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Although abortions are a common aspect of people’s reproductive lives, the economic implications of abortion and the stigmas that surround abortion are poorly understood. This article provides an analysis of secondary data from a scoping review on the economic impact of abortion to understand the intersections between stigma and economics outcomes at the microeconomic (i.e., abortion seekers and their households), mesoeconomic (i.e., communities and health systems), and macroeconomic (i.e., societies and nation states) levels. Methods and findings We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region were considered. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following microeconomic, mesoeconomic, or macroeconomic outcomes: costs, benefits, impacts, and/or value of abortion-related care or abortion policies. Our searches yielded 19,653 items, of which 365 items were included in our final inventory. As a secondary outcome, every article in the final inventory was screened for abortion-related stigma, discrimination, and exclusion. One quarter (89/365) of the included studies contained information on stigma, though only 32 studies included stigma findings directly tied to economic outcomes. Studies most frequently reported stigma’s links with costs (n = 24), followed by economic impact (n = 11) and economic benefit (n = 1). Abortion stigma can prevent women from obtaining correct information about abortion services and laws, which can lead to unnecessary increases in costs of care and sizeable delays in care. Women who are unable to confide in and rely on their social support network are less likely to have adequate financial resources to access abortion. Conclusions Abortion stigma has a clear impact on women seeking abortion or post-abortion care at each level. Programmatic interventions and policies should consider how stigma affects delays to care, access to accurate information, and available social and financial support, all of which have economic and health implications.

scholarly journals Physical functioning limitations and physical activity of people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sinéad Kiernan ◽  
David Mockler ◽  
Clíona Ní Cheallaigh ◽  
Julie Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background: Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels and how they are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and a gray literature search was performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. Results: We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=13) and there were 2 qualitative studies. The following outcomes related to physical functioning were reported; mobility levels (n=3), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), and exercise capacity (n=3). Eight studies reported outcomes related to physical activity. The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. Conclusion: This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.

scholarly journals Contact is a stronger predictor of attitudes toward police than race: a state-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Alberton ◽  
Kevin M. Gorey
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Attitudes Toward Police

Purpose This scoping review thoroughly scanned research on race, contacts with police and attitudes toward police. An exploratory meta-analysis then assessed the strength of their associations and interaction in Canada and the USA. Key knowledge gaps and specific future research needs, synthetic and primary, were identified. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A germinal methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews was used (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005). The authors searched for published or unpublished research over the past 15 years and retrieved 33 eligible surveys, 19 of which were included in a sample-weighted meta-analysis. Findings The independent association of contact with attitudes toward police was estimated to be three times larger than the independent race association. Three large knowledge gaps were identified. Almost nothing is known about these associations among specific racial groups as they were typically aggregated into visible minority groupings. The authors have essentially no knowledge yet about specific racial group by a specific type of contact interactions. There is also a lack of generalizable knowledge as research has been largely restricted to locales. Originality/value This is the first research synthesis of race and attitudes toward the police that incorporated contacts with the police. Its observation of the relative importance of contacts suggested a great preventive potential. This scoping review identified needs for a full systematic research review and a formal meta-analysis to plan future primary research including large national studies that are truly representative of Canada and America’s diversity. Such will be needed to advance more confident knowledge about the factors that would support more trusted relationships between police and people in the communities they aim to serve.

scholarly journals Occupational Stress, Burnout, and Depression in Women in Healthcare During COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abi Sriharan ◽  
Savithiri Ratnapalan ◽  
Andrea C. Tricco ◽  
Doina Lupea ◽  
Ana Patricia Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Objectives: The overall objectives of this rapid scoping review are to (a) identify the common triggers of stress, burnout, and depression faced by women in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (b) explore individual-, organizational-, and systems-level interventions that can support the well-being of women HCWs during a pandemic.Design: This scoping review is registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and was guided by the JBI guide to scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension to scoping reviews. A systematic search of literature databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and ERIC) was conducted from inception until June 12, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria.Interventions: We included review articles and primary studies that reported on stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs; that primarily focused on women; and that included the percentage or number of women included. All English language studies from any geographical setting where COVID-19 has affected the population were reviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measures: Studies reporting on mental health outcomes (e.g., stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs), interventions to support mental health well-being were included.Results: Of the 2,803 papers found, 28 were included. The triggers of stress, burnout and depression are grouped under individual-, organizational-, and systems-level factors. There is a limited amount of evidence on effective interventions that prevents anxiety, stress, burnout and depression during a pandemic.Conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that women HCWs are at increased risk for stress, burnout, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These negative outcomes are triggered by individual level factors such as lack of social support; family status; organizational factors such as access to personal protective equipment or high workload; and systems-level factors such as prevalence of COVID-19, rapidly changing public health guidelines, and a lack of recognition at work.

How does perceived cost and value influence pharmacy patronage? A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-663
Author(s):  
Bethany Grew ◽  
Jack Charles Collins ◽  
Carl Richard Schneider ◽  
Stephen Ross Carter
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Patronage Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose To date, community pharmacy research has largely focused on the impact of service quality elements on patronage behavior. Investigation into the influence of cost and value is limited. The purpose of this study is to explore what is known about customers’ perceptions of cost and value, and how these influence patronage patterns in community pharmacy. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review framework was used to conduct a systematic search of four databases with the addition of articles sourced from reference lists. The database search was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Studies were analyzed in terms of author name, date of publication, study location, study population, methods and key findings. Findings The 26 studies retrieved were qualitative or quantitative in nature and included a broad sample population. Both cost and value were found to be key factors influencing pharmacy choice. Pharmacy customers were found to perceive costs in terms of monetary, psychological, emotional and convenience-related sacrifices. Value was either perceived as relating to the worth or utility of a good or service, or in terms of a trade-off relationship between what was received and given up by the consumer. Research limitations/implications A comprehensive interrogation into the true meaning of “value” to consumers is warranted to improve quantitative measurement instruments. Practical implications Pharmacies may attempt to influence customer behavior by minimizing unfixed costs to the consumer such as the price of goods and services and time costs. Originality/value This review highlights the need for academic enquiry into how consumers trade-off perceived costs for service in community pharmacy.

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