scholarly journals History and scientific background on the economics of abortion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257360
Author(s):  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Cheri Poss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
World Region ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Approximately one quarter of all pregnancies globally end in abortion, making it one of the most common gynecological practices worldwide. Despite the high incidence of abortion around the globe, the synthesis of known economic outcomes of abortion care and policies is lacking. Using data from a systematic scoping review, we synthesized the literature on the economics of abortion at the microeconomic, mesoeconomic, and mesoeconomic levels and presented the results in a collection of studies. This article describes the history and scientific background for collection, presents the scoping review framework, and discusses the value of this knowledge base. Methods and findings We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region were considered. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and/or value of abortion-related care or policies. Our searches yielded 19,653 unique items, of which 365 items were included in our final inventory. Studies most often reported costs (n = 262), followed by impacts (n = 140), benefits (n = 58), and values (n = 40). Approximately one quarter (89/365) of studies contained information on the secondary outcome on stigma. Economic factors can lead to a delay in abortion care-seeking and can restrict health systems from adequately meeting the demand for abortion services. Provision of post-abortion care (PAC) services requires more resources then safe abortion services. Lack of insurance or public funding for abortion services can increase the cost of services and the overall economic impact on individuals both seeking and providing care. Conclusions Consistent economic themes emerge from research on abortion, though evidence gaps remain that need to be addressed through more standardized methods and consideration to framing of abortion issues in economics terms. Given the highly charged political nature of abortion around the world, it is imperative that researchers continue to build the evidence base on economic outcomes of abortion services and regulations.

scholarly journals Economics of abortion: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Brittany Moore
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

IntroductionAbortion is a common feature of people’s reproductive lives. However, the economic implications of abortion and policies affecting abortion provision are poorly understood. This scoping review aims to systematically review social science literature for studies that have investigated the impact of abortion care (ie, un/safe abortion, post-abortion care) or abortion policies on economic outcomes at the micro-levels (ie, abortion seekers and their households), meso-levels (ie, communities and health systems) and macro-levels (ie, societies and nation states). Informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline for protocols, this protocol details the scoping review’s methodological and analytical approaches.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region will be considered. For inclusion, studies must examine one of the following economic outcomes at the micro-levels, meso-levels and/or macro-levels: costs, benefits, impacts and/or value of abortion care or abortion policies. Searches will be conducted in eight electronic databases. We will conduct the searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA-ScR flow approach. No assessments of items’ quality will be made, as the purpose of this scoping review is to synthesise and describe the coverage of the evidence. After extracting all data, we will inductively develop an economic framework around the economics of abortion. The analysis will synthesise the evidence base and identify knowledge gaps on the costs and benefits of abortion to stakeholders at various levels.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and condensed summaries for key stakeholders and partners in the field.

scholarly journals The microeconomics of abortion: A scoping review and analysis of the economic consequences for abortion care-seekers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252005
Author(s):  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Cheri Poss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Micro Level

Background The economic consequences of abortion care and abortion policies for individuals occur directly and indirectly. We lack synthesis of the economic costs, impacts, benefit or value of abortion care at the micro-level (i.e., individuals and households). This scoping review examines the microeconomic costs, benefits and consequences of abortion care and policies. Methods and findings Searches were conducted in eight electronic databases and applied inclusion/exclusion criteria using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. For inclusion, studies must have examined at least one of the following outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and value of abortion care or abortion policies. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of the 230 included microeconomic studies, costs are the most frequently reported microeconomic outcome (n = 180), followed by impacts (n = 84), benefits (n = 39), and values (n = 26). Individual-level costs of abortion-related care have implications for the timing and type of care sought, globally. In contexts requiring multiple referrals or follow-up visits, these costs are multiplied. The ways in which people pay for abortion-related costs are diverse. The intersection between micro-level costs and delay(s) to abortion-related care is substantial. Individuals forego other costs and expenditures, or are pushed further into debt and/or poverty, in order to fund abortion-related care. The evidence base on the economic impacts of policy or law change is from high-income countries, dominated by studies from the United States. Conclusions Delays underpinned by economic factors can thwart care-seeking, affect the type of care sought, and impact the gestational age at which care is sought or reached. The evidence base includes little evidence on the micro-level costs for adolescents. Specific sub-groups of abortion care-seekers (transgendered and/or disabled people) are absent from the evidence and it is likely that they may experience higher direct and indirect costs because they may experience greater barriers to abortion care.

scholarly journals The economics of abortion and its links with stigma: A secondary analysis from a scoping review on the economics of abortion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246238
Author(s):  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Cheri Poss ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
World Region ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Although abortions are a common aspect of people’s reproductive lives, the economic implications of abortion and the stigmas that surround abortion are poorly understood. This article provides an analysis of secondary data from a scoping review on the economic impact of abortion to understand the intersections between stigma and economics outcomes at the microeconomic (i.e., abortion seekers and their households), mesoeconomic (i.e., communities and health systems), and macroeconomic (i.e., societies and nation states) levels. Methods and findings We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region were considered. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following microeconomic, mesoeconomic, or macroeconomic outcomes: costs, benefits, impacts, and/or value of abortion-related care or abortion policies. Our searches yielded 19,653 items, of which 365 items were included in our final inventory. As a secondary outcome, every article in the final inventory was screened for abortion-related stigma, discrimination, and exclusion. One quarter (89/365) of the included studies contained information on stigma, though only 32 studies included stigma findings directly tied to economic outcomes. Studies most frequently reported stigma’s links with costs (n = 24), followed by economic impact (n = 11) and economic benefit (n = 1). Abortion stigma can prevent women from obtaining correct information about abortion services and laws, which can lead to unnecessary increases in costs of care and sizeable delays in care. Women who are unable to confide in and rely on their social support network are less likely to have adequate financial resources to access abortion. Conclusions Abortion stigma has a clear impact on women seeking abortion or post-abortion care at each level. Programmatic interventions and policies should consider how stigma affects delays to care, access to accurate information, and available social and financial support, all of which have economic and health implications.

Assessing individual readiness for change in healthcare: a review of measurement scales

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Beasley ◽  
Sandra Grace ◽  
Louise Horstmanshof
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Change Leaders ◽  
Response To Change

PurposeUnderstanding how individuals respond and adapt to change is essential to assist leaders to manage transformational change effectively. Contemporary health care environments are characterised by frequent and rapid change, often with unrealistic and challenging timeframes. Researchers have employed a range of assessment scales to assess individual readiness for change. Hence, to select the appropriate scale, it is critical to compare the properties of these instruments. A scoping review will be conducted to identify scales that measure an individual's response to change in the healthcare environment.Design/methodology/approachIn this article the authors used the PIC (Population or Problem, Interest, and Context) design and undertook a comprehensive literature search conducted in Eric, MEDLINE, EmCare, CINAHL, PsychINFO and PubMed. Management databases were also searched including Business Source Premium (Ebesco) and Business Collection (InfoRMIT). Reference lists were scrutinized, and citation searches were performed of the included studies. The primary outcome was the quality of the literature searches and the secondary outcome was time spent on the literature search when the PIC model was used as a search strategy tool, compared to the use of another conceptualizing tool or unguided searching.FindingsThis scoping review identified eight scales used to measure an individual's response to change. This scoping review did not identify any individual change readiness scales specifically designed for use in the healthcare environment. However, two scales (the Acceptance of Change Scale and the Resistance to Change Scale) had applicability across a wide variety of organisational settings.Research limitations/implicationsScoping reviews do not set out to comprehensively source all relevant literature but rather to ascertain the nature and extent of the published literature in the field. Therefore, it is possible that a systematic review might uncover additional relevant papers.Practical implicationsThis scoping review will assist change leaders to gain a better understanding of the different scales used to measure individual response to change.Originality/valueTo manage change effectively, change leaders first need to develop an understanding of how individuals respond and adapt to change. Change leaders require the necessary scales to assist them to understand change processes, providing an understanding of where individuals are placed on the change continuum. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this scoping review is the first of its kind to identify and review scales to measure individual response to change.

scholarly journals Priority domains, aims, and testable hypotheses for implementation research: A scoping review and evidence map protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R Garner ◽  
Sheila Patel ◽  
M. Alexis Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: The challenge of implementing evidence-based innovations within practice settings is a significant public health issue the field of implementation research (IR) is focused on addressing. Significant amounts of funding, time, and effort have been invested in IR to date, yet there remains significant room for advancement, especially regarding IR’s development of scientific theories as defined by the National Academy of Sciences (i.e., a comprehensive explanation of the relationship between variables that is supported by a vast body of evidence). Research priority setting (i.e., promoting consensus about areas where research effort will have wide benefits to society) is a key approach to helping accelerate research advancements. Thus, building upon existing IR, general principles of data reduction, and a general framework for moderated mediation, this article identifies priority domains, aims, and testable hypotheses for IR and describes a scoping review protocol to identify and map the extent to which IR has examined these priorities to date.Methods: Implementation Science is the leading journal for publishing IR and receives over 800 submissions annually. Thus, this scoping review will focus on IR published in Implementation Science between its inception in 2006 and 12/31/2019. The current scoping review and evidence map protocol has been developed in accordance with the approach developed by Arksey & O’Malley and advanced by Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien. All research articles and short reports will be reviewed. Because scoping reviews seek to provide an overview of the identified evidence base rather than synthesize findings from across studies, we plan to use our data-charting form to provide a descriptive overview of implementation research to-date and summarize the research via one or more summary tables. We will use the priority aims and testable hypotheses (PATH) diagram, which integrates the four priority domains, three priority aims, and four priority testable hypotheses, to develop a map of the evidence (or lack thereof).Discussion: This scoping review and evidence map is intended to help accelerate IR focused on one or more of IR’s priority aims and testable hypotheses, which in turn will accelerate IR’s development of NAS-defined scientific theories and, subsequently, improvements in public health.Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/3vhuj/

scholarly journals Making change last? Exploring the value of sustainability approaches in healthcare: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lennox ◽  
A. Linwood-Amor ◽  
L. Maher ◽  
J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Background Numerous models, tools and frameworks have been produced to improve the sustainability of evidence-based interventions. Due to the vast number available, choosing the most appropriate one is increasingly difficult for researchers and practitioners. To understand the value of such approaches, evidence warranting their use is needed. However, there is limited understanding of how sustainability approaches have been used and how they have impacted research or practice. This review aims to consolidate evidence on the application and impact of sustainability approaches in healthcare settings. Methods A systematic scoping review was designed to search for peer-reviewed publications detailing the use of sustainability approaches in practice. A 5-stage framework for scoping reviews directed the search strategy, and quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Searches were performed through electronic citation tracking and snowballing of references. Articles were obtained through Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. Six outcome variables for sustainability were explored to ascertain impact of approaches. Results This review includes 68 articles demonstrating the application of sustainability approaches in practice. Results show an increase in the use of sustainability approaches in peer-reviewed studies. Approaches have been applied across a range of healthcare settings, including primary, secondary, tertiary and community healthcare. Approaches are used for five main purposes, namely analysis, evaluation, guidance, assessment and planning. Results outline benefits (e.g. improved conceptualisation of sustainability constructs and improved ability to interpret sustainability data) and challenges (e.g. issues with approach constructs and difficulty in application) associated with using a sustainability approach in practice. Few articles (14/68) reported the sustainability outcome variables explored; therefore, the impact of approaches on sustainability remains unclear. Additional sustainability outcome variables reported in retrieved articles are discussed. Conclusions This review provides practitioners and researchers with a consolidated evidence base on sustainability approaches. Findings highlight the remaining gaps in the literature and emphasise the need for improved rigour and reporting of sustainability approaches in research studies. To guide future assessment and study of sustainability in healthcare settings an updated list of sustainability outcome variables is proposed. Trial Registration This review was registered on the PROSPERO database CRD 42016040081 in June 2016.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Jessica Salley ◽  
Libby Crook ◽  
Angela Ciccia ◽  
Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa ◽  
Jennifer P. Lundine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractTo review the evidence available on early childhood (i.e., 0–5 years 11 months) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clinical implications and future directions for speech-language pathology (SLP) practice and research, a scoping review of the literature was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included for review. Included studies were assigned one or more of the following thematic labels related to early childhood TBI: etiology, assessment, treatment, outcomes, contributing factors. Most of the studies were nonexperimental studies and addressed outcomes following early childhood TBI. We conclude, based on this scoping review, that children who experience a TBI before 6 years of age are at risk for persistent long-term difficulties in academic and social functioning. SLPs are among the group of clinicians most appropriate to assess and treat these children; yet, the evidence for assessment, treatment, and identification of factors contributing to the recovery of young children with TBI is particularly lacking. Rigorous research is needed to improve the evidence base for SLPs.

Normative Beliefs and Values Shape Mother’s Care Seeking Behaviours for Skilled Birth Attendance (Sba) During Birthing in Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choolwe Jacobs ◽  
Adnan Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Birth Attendance ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: Skilled birth attendance (SBA) during delivery has been associated with improved maternal health outcome. However, low utilisation of SBA during childbirth has continued in many developing countries including Zambia. An understanding of the beliefs and values and how mothers are influenced by relational normative motivations is critical in understanding some “hidden” barriers and facilitators to utilisation of SBA in health facilities.Methods: A scoping review of normative beliefs and values shaping care seeking behaviours for Skilled Birth Attendance by mothers in Africa will be conducted. Google scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, Embase and WEB of Science will be searched for articles that meet the eligibility criteria. The primary search will include peer-reviewed articles. Further searches will be made on Research gate, including grey literature from university websites for dissertations and theses. We will also search reference lists for relevant articles and studies. Keyword searches will be used to identify articles. Two independent reviewers will begin screening for eligible titles, abstracts and full articles with a third reviewer to help resolve any disputes. During title and abstract screening, duplicates will be removed. Study selection will conform to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool will determine the quality of included studies. Content analysis will be used to present the narrative Discussion: Understanding how individual mother’s health seeking behaviours for SBA and those close to them are influenced by their beliefs and values is critical to informing health systems on the possible “hidden” barriers and facilitators to utilisation of SBA in public health facilities. The review will complement evidence base on normative beliefs and values shaping care seeking behaviours for Skilled Birth Attendance by mothers in Africa.

Nursing interventions in intensive care unit patients with breathing difficulties: A scoping review of the evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Renate Slang ◽  
Lene T. Finsrud ◽  
Brita F. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Training Position

For patients in intensive care units, long periods of bed rest and restricted physical activity can result in adverse side effects. One of the conditions many patients experience during intensive care unit stays is breathing difficulty. Here, we aimed to identify and evaluate the evidence base for nonpharmacological or nontechnical interventions targeting breathing difficulties, and to propose interventions needing further investigations. This study is reported in accordance with PRISMA for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane. A scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. In all, 1190 records were found and 27 of them were included in the review. Interventions targeting breathing difficulties were chest physiotherapy, breathing techniques, inspiratory muscle training, early exercise training, position-specific optimization, and other nonpharmacological interventions. Several of the interventions showed minor beneficial effects. However, because of limitations in the studies, the findings are inconclusive and need further research.

scholarly journals The prevalence and evidence-based management of needle fear in adults with chronic disease: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253048
Author(s):  
Emily Duncanson ◽  
Richard K. Le Leu ◽  
Lisa Shanahan ◽  
Luke Macauley ◽  
Paul N. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Little is known about the prevalence and best management of needle fear in adults with chronic disease, who may experience frequent and long-term exposure to needles for lifesaving therapies such as renal dialysis and cancer treatment. Identifying interventions that assist in management of needle fear and associated distress is essential to support these patients with repeated needle and cannula exposure. Method We followed the PRISMA methodology for scoping reviews and systematically searched PsychINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), ProQuest, Embase and grey literature and reference lists between 1989 and October 2020 for articles related to needle discomfort, distress, anxiety, fear or phobia. The following chronic diseases were included: arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and mental illness, or kidney failure. Literature concerning dentistry, vaccination, intravenous drug users and paediatric populations were excluded. Results We identified 32 papers reporting prevalence (n = 24), management (n = 5) or both (n = 3). Needle fear prevalence varied in disease cohorts: 17–52% (cancer), 25–47% (chronic kidney disease) and 0.2–80% (diabetes). Assessment methods varied across studies. Management strategies had poor evidence-base, but included needle-specific education, decorated devices, cognitive-behavioural stress management techniques, distraction, and changing the therapy environment or modality. Conclusion Although needle fear is common there is a paucity of evidence regarding interventions to address it among adults living with chronic disease. This scoping review has highlighted the need for improved identification of needle fear in adults and development of interventions are required for these cohorts.

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