The effect of ecotourism knowledge on residents' attitudes in Otavalo, Ecuador: the knowledge theory of attitude–behavior consistency

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun (Amelia) Yoon ◽  
Kyoung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Theory ◽  
Behavior Consistency ◽  
Attitude Behavior ◽  
Residents Attitudes

PurposeResidents' supportive attitudes are essential for the successful development of ecotourism. Although existing literature has heavily relied on social exchange theory to explain residents' attitudes, this study explores a new theoretical direction by focusing on the cognitive process of residents' attitude formation. This study adopts the knowledge theory of attitude–behavior consistency that emphasizes the amount, relevance and complexity of ecotourism knowledge in shaping residents' positive attitudes toward tourism development in the regional community.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey of 394 residents of Otavalo, Ecuador, this study confirmed the reliability and validity of measurements, used PLS-SEM for statistical analysis, and evaluated the effect of ecotourism knowledge on residents' attitudes toward ecotourism.FindingsUnder the control of community attachment and fair distribution of economic benefits supported by existing literature, this study finds that ecotourism knowledge has a positive and significant effect on residents' supportive attitudes toward tourism development.Research limitations/implicationsBy elucidating the cognitive process of residents' attitude formation and change, this paper shows the applicability of a knowledge-based theory to residents' attitudes toward tourism development, and offers practical implications for ecotourism policymakers and educational program developers.Originality/valueThis study adopts the knowledge theory of attitude–behavior consistency and shows the positive influence of ecotourism knowledge on residents' attitudes.

Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development at Al-Juhfa, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmad Algassim ◽  
Akhmad Saufi ◽  
Diswandi Diswandi ◽  
Noel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Residents Attitudes

Purpose Al-Juhfa is a small village located near Rabigh City, between Makkah and Madinah, Saudi Arabia, with significant archaeological and religious resources. The purpose of this paper is to examine residents’ attitudes toward tourism development at Al-Juhfa. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study uses purposive interviewing to recruit informants. Data was collected using semi-structured interview and open-ended questions. Eight semi-structured interviews were made and a list of open-ended questions was distributed to 134 informants. All data were analysed and no new codes were found after the answer of the first 49 informants analysed. Findings The results show that residents’ attitudes toward tourism development in general were positive with residents expecting to receive economic, social and environmental benefits. Residents were aware of potential positive and negative impacts of tourism development and appeared to balance these in developing their attitudes. Tourism was seen to empower residents and the religiosity of the community influenced their perception of tourism development. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by supporting the use of social exchange theory in this context and by recommending the inclusion of religiosity in further studies.

Structural equation modeling of residents' attitudes and tourism development: a SET based - study of the Kashmir region in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasif Ali Bhat ◽  
Kakali Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

PurposeThe present study tries to develop a model that assesses the factors that determine support for tourism development by residents of the Kashmir region.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data have been collected (n = 650) from the residents of the top five tourist destinations through a pre-tested questionnaire by a multistage convenient sampling method. A model has been drafted and tested through the technique of structural equation modeling by applying the social exchange theory as a theoretical framework.FindingsThe results revealed that residents who perceived more benefits were more expected to support tourism development, and residents who perceive more costs were less expected to support tourism development, thus supporting the social exchange theory.Originality/valueThe results of this study are extremely useful for the local government and tourism institutions in the future planning of tourism development and also fill the vast gap in the tourism literature with a theoretical base.

Residents' Perception and Their Support for Tourism Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-165
Author(s):  
Manuel Alector Ribeiro ◽  
Yo Han Kim ◽  
Kyle Maurice Woosnam
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Attachment ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Negative Impacts

The purpose of this study is to examine residents' support for tourism development in South Korea by the lens of social exchange theory and theory of reasoned. Random sampling strategy was used to collect South Koreans residents' opinions about the perceived impacts of tourism and their level of support for tourism development. Data were collected online using a questionnaire a link was sent to residents in South Korean through several social media platforms, and 693 respondents answered the questionnaire. By using regression analysis, the findings showed that residents who perceive positive impacts of tourism more than negative impacts are more likely to support tourism, while those who perceive more negative impacts of tourism are less likely to support tourism. Both personal economic benefits and community attachment were found to be important determinants of residents' perception and support toward tourism. Both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, as well as the limitations and recommendations for future studies.

scholarly journals Impacts of a health crisis on music festivals: a qualitative approach

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Orea-Giner ◽  
Francesc González-Reverté ◽  
Laura Fuentes-Moraleda
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis research explores the consequences of a health crisis provoked by a pandemic scenario on music festival impacts considered by the stakeholders involved. The purpose of this paper is to identify the perceptions from the stakeholders' point of view (host community, public and private sector) and to identify the impacts generated before and after a health crisis regarding the celebration of a festival.Design/methodology/approachThe study offers a holistic insight into impact research by music festivals. The methodology implemented is based on qualitative techniques. By conducting 20 in-depth interviews with essential stakeholders, it is possible to determine their perceptions of the impact of the event and the effects of a health crisis.FindingsThe results allow detecting a gap between internal and external stakeholders due to poor communication and planning of the event. The results show that a health crisis provokes negative impacts on the economic benefits of events' organisation. However, the cultural city's identity suffers an important damage that it is difficult to overcome. The community and visitors are the stakeholders that suffer a detrimental impact on their experience when attending the festival, considering the security measures. Moreover, results allow us to identify practical implications for event management and planning in a health crisis scenario.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this research is the theoretical model proposed to analyse stakeholders' perception of the event celebration in a context of a health crisis. The model also considers different moments of the social exchange. The theoretical approaches considered theory of social exchange (SET) and Visitor, Industry, Community and Environment (VICE) models allow analysing the stakeholder's perception of a case study of a music festival (Viña Rock Festival, Spain). The emerging and central role of the cooperation between stakeholders constitutes another notable contribution to the literature.

Millennials’ support for tourism development: the effect of market orientation by governments

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Parra-Lopez ◽  
Jose Alberto Martínez-Gonzalez ◽  
Almudena Barrientos-Báez
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predictive Study

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of local government market orientation as perceived by Millennials on their intention to support tourism development. Design/methodology/approach An online survey administered to a sample of 418 Millennials was designed for descriptive and causal data analyses. Findings The results show that Millennials’ intention to support tourism is high and depends on perceived market orientation. In the proposed model, market orientation by local government directly predicts perceived benefits and attitudes, and indirectly, the intention to support. Economic benefits are not the only relevant benefits to Millennials. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this work is related to the selection and combination of the internal and external variables included in the proposed model, given the great diversity of variables in the literature in this field. Practical implications This study allows us to predict and encourage Millennials’ intention to support tourism development through very few variables. This study is of theoretical and practical interest to local government, tourism firms, educators and researchers. These entities can, thus, encourage the support process collaboratively among Millennials. Originality/value This predictive study of Millennials’ intention to support includes variables that have not been previously studied together. Through market orientation by local government, the organizational world and young consumers are connected. The generational approach adopted allows the use of global actions to encourage Millennials’ support.

Residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards future tourism development

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cardoso ◽  
Mónica Silva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to present the results of a quantitative survey among 140 residents of the city of Porto. Design/methodology/approach The study is a revision of literature and illustration of results of empirical study. Findings The majority of Porto residents consider that tourism brings significant economic benefits and supports the wider social and cultural development of the city, and they consider the overall impact of tourism to be beneficial. Practical implications The paper identifies potential issues and problems and possible mitigating measures. Originality/value The paper provides insights based on a quantitative survey among 140 residents of the city of Porto.

Perceptions of tourism-related non-governmental organization (NGO) managers in Antalya

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Akbulut ◽  
Yakin Ekin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Group Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of tourism-related non-governmental organization (NGO) managers on overtourism trends in Antalya, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Focus group study was implemented and three focus group interviews were undertaken with 34 NGO managers in total as a sample. The population of the research consisted of 65 tourism-related NGO managers in Antalya. Findings The results of the research reveal that Antalya was perceived as neither in a tourism development stage nor afflicted by overtourism by NGO managers. NGOs are one of the major stakeholders in the tourism industry, and hence their perceptions of overtourism would probably be the stimulating force for further sustainable development in the destination. Research limitations/implications The limitation is that the research was realized voluntarily by 34 NGOs in Antalya. It would have been better to have more volunteer respondents. Practical implications The viewpoints of stakeholders about their perceptions of tourism development in Antalya would be a helpful next step to refer back to practitioners so as to develop further strategic plans from their perspectives. Social implications As social exchange theory states, communities benefiting from tourism development will support further improvement in tourism. Hence, in their role as spokespersons for the community, the perceptions of NGOs will influence decision-makers to draw implications from the study for wider consideration. Originality/value As a consequence, a model was proposed according to the results of the research. The findings of the research paper highlight the evolution of high-flow tourism in the destination.

Tourism development progress of two islands of Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-548
Author(s):  
Diana Mohamad ◽  
Azizi Bahauddin ◽  
Badaruddin Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Greenhouse Effects ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at the physical tourism impacts experienced by the communities of Redang Island and Perhentian Island – two tourist islands located close to the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The physical tourism impacts are examined via environmental and infrastructure related attributes (19 attributes), which are further categorized into sustainability, environment, greenhouse effects, public and tourist facilities maintenance, sewage system management, rural areas and deforestation. All of these indicators indirectly measure the impact of climate change in these island destinations. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a questionnaire survey with an instrument based on prior work by Ap and Cromptom (1998) with regard to air pollution, deforestation and land fertility; Tetlow and Hanusch (2012) in relation to biodiversity; Sunlu (2003) in line with greenhouse effects, water quality, natural landscape and solid waste; and Cessford and Dingwall (1999), corresponding to physical impacts. Findings Results for Perhentian Island indicate serious physical impacts resulting from tourism development, compared with less serious impacts on Redang Island. Both islands were observed to experience tourism development progress that is well-blended with their natural environment, and the level of physical impact dependency on tourism development can be assessed using the environmental and infrastructure variables. Research limitations/implications While the paper reports on findings from both Perhentian and Redang Islands, results from this paper could well represent other communities in many other Malaysian island locations (or perhaps the wider region), facing a similar phenomenon. Originality/value The paper contributes to an understanding of how to investigate each variable independently, as each island is undergoing a different lifecycle phase, regardless of the fact that some islands may be mirroring each other. In addition, the paper envisages the importance of integrating social exchange theory and integrated threat theory, when it comes to evaluating how people judge the consequences of their actions.

scholarly journals Resident Support for Tourism Development: Application of a Simplified Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale on Developing Destinations in Flanders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6934
Author(s):  
Bart Neuts ◽  
Senne Kimps ◽  
Jan van der Borg
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Development Application

While the potential macro-economic benefits of tourism development have been well-established, the negative social effects of uninhibited growth have received increased attention in the last decade, emphasizing the central role of communities in the search for a sustainable balance in tourism. This paper focuses on the relatively underdeveloped Scheldeland region in Flanders (Belgium), where a strategic goal is to leverage cultural and natural heritage to boost development. Via a resident questionnaire based on a simplified version of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS), we identified support for tourism development and deconstructed the drivers of this support. The objective was to empirically validate the research instrument and underlying theory in a situation of relative ‘undertourism’ and prospective future growth. The questionnaire collected 2058 responses, and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results indicated that support for tourism, which was generally high across the seven municipalities, was mainly affected by social, psychological, and political empowerment, with personal economic benefits not playing a significant role. These results show that social exchange theory (SET) as a theoretical basis for potential tourism support has limited validity in currently underdeveloped destinations. Secondly, comparatively speaking, the municipalities with the lowest tourism development were least supportive of tourism growth, with an increase in tourism intensity seemingly leading to increasing support due to a higher awareness of accrued benefits through tourism.

scholarly journals Exchanges Between Residents and Tourism Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalsom Kayat ◽  
Dennis D. Propst
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Ability And Willingness ◽  
Power Play

This qualitative study focused on utilizing a combination of social exchange and power theories to explain exchanges that occur between residents of Langkawi and tourism development on the island. The guiding question for this inquiry was "what role does power play in social exchanges that occur between residents and tourism development?" Findings revealed that social exchange is useful in examining residents' attitudes towards tourism as residents indeed based their attitudes on the evaluation of the returns that they receive from the exchanges. More importantly, the findings indicated that residents' general values, their dependence on tourism, and their ability and willingness to adapt moderated the influence of power an residents' evaluation of tourism impacts.  

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