Changes in glucose levels and fecal excretion of lipids due to consumption of yacon flour

Purpose As studies investigating the effects of fructan sources, such as yacon, on glucose and lipid metabolism showed different results, additional research is required to establish a clear relationship between them. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate possible effects of the consumption of the yacon pulp flour (YPF) on biological and metabolic parameters such as food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose levels and fecal lipid excretion of rats, as well as determine the role of glycemic index (GI) of the diets added of this ingredient on those parameters. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which received the following treatments for 17 days: Group 1 (G1) (Control) – American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-M; Group 2 (G2) – AIN-M added 5 per cent YPF; Group 3 (G3) – AIN-M added 10 per cent YPF and Group 4 (G4) – AIN-M added 15 per cent YPF. Analysis of fasting and postprandial glycemia was conducted for elaboration of the glycemic curve and calculation of the GI of the diets. Lipids loss was measured by quantification of crude fat in feces after consumption of the diet. Findings YPF, regarding the concentration in the diets, did not elevate the fasting glucose among the groups. The postprandial glucose of the animals declined in different postprandial glucose peaks of the groups ingesting YPF in relation to the control one, especially in group treated with 15 per cent YPF, between 30 and 60 min (p <0,05), confirming the influence of the dietary fiber on the absorption of the glucose. The ingestion of YPF increased dragging of lipids to the animal feces, proportional to the amounts of YPF added to the diets. According to the regression analysis, followed by regression testing to 5 per cent, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups, being that the elevation of the percentage of YPF added to the diet caused a proportional increase in the lipid levels in the animal feces. Originality/value YPF could be an alimentary source of interest, mainly when the focus is on disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Using Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Linum Usitatissimum and Rosa Damascena on Liver Function in Adult Male Rats

Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/hms.26.1.3116.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 54-67

Author(s):

Mohammad Mehdi Padam ◽

◽

Ameneh Khoshvaghti ◽

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Total Protein ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Aims: Damage to liver tissue and its dysfunction is very important and if left untreated, it can cause serious problems and even death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena on liver enzymes, total protein, bilirubin, albumin, and serum glucose levels. Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 42 male rats divided into 6 groups; control group (group 1) received only sufficient water and food, groups 1 and 2 received 300 and 500 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum extract, groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 1000 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena, and group 6 received 100 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum plus 250 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena extracts intraperitoneally for 28 days. After the last injection, the rats were weighed and their blood samples were collected. The study parameters were measured using a colorimetric method by a spectrophotometer, and then were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test in SPSS V. 25 at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings: There was no significant difference between alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels in the control group in comparison with other groups (P>0.05). In the groups received Rosa damascena extract, there was a significant difference between total protein and albumin levels compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase in the control group compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena have no negative effect on the liver function. The probability of diarrhea occurrence and the possible effects on the total protein and serum albumin after using Rosa damascena, and the effects of different doses of Linum usitatissimum on the glucose levels should be taken into account.

Download Full-text

A Novel Earwax Method to Measure Acute and Chronic Glucose Levels

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10121069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1069

Author(s):

Andrés Herane-Vives ◽

Susana Espinoza ◽

Rodrigo Sandoval ◽

Lorena Ortega ◽

Luis Alameda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postprandial Glucose ◽

The Novel ◽

Sampling Device ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Postprandial Glycemia ◽

Novel Device ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Standard Serum

Diabetes is the fourth cause of death globally. To date, there is not a practical, as well as an accurate sample for reflecting chronic glucose levels. We measured earwax glucose in 37 controls. Participants provided standard serum, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and earwax samples at two time-points, one month apart. The specimens measured baseline fasting glucose, a follow-up postprandial glucose level and a between sample chronic glucose, calculated using the average level on the two occasions. The baseline earwax sample was obtained using a clinical method and the follow-up using a novel self-sampling earwax device. The earwax analytic time was significantly faster using the novel device, in comparison to the clinical use of the syringe. Earwax accurately reflected glucose at both assessments with stronger correlations than HbA1c. Follow-up postprandial concentrations were more significant than their respective fasting baseline concentrations, reflecting differences in fasting and postprandial glycemia and more efficient standardization at follow up. Earwax demonstrated to be more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting systemic fasting, postprandial and long-term glucose levels, and to be less influenced by confounders. Earwax glucose measurements were approximately 60% more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting glycemia over a month. The self-sampling device provided a sample that might accurately reflect chronic glycemia.

Download Full-text

Glycemic Index of Selected Foods in Jamaica

Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology ◽

10.33805/2638-8235.110 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Ryan Francis ◽

Perceval S Bahado-Singh ◽

Andrew O Wheatley ◽

Ann Marie Smith ◽

Helen N Asemota

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Index ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Citrullus Vulgaris ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Glycemic Index

Background: Fruits, vegetables and legumes for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber and micronutrients, should form an essential part of every diet. In order to give good dietary advice to diabetic patients, it is necessary to know the glycemic index of foods commonly consumed locally. The objective of this study was to determine the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) of commonly available and consumed Guava (Psidium guajava), Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), Gungo (Cajanus cajan), Papaya (Carica papaya) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Jamaica. Methods: Ten (10) healthy Jamaican subjects (5 males, 5 females) with mean age 30 ± 2 years and mean BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 were recruited to the study. Using a non-blind, crossover design trial, the subjects consumed 50 (or 25) grams of available carbohydrate portions of glucose (standard food) and test foods after an overnight fast and their serum glucose levels were determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the consumption of each test food. Glucose was tested on three separate occasions, and the test foods once. The GI value was calculated geometrically by expressing the Incremental Area Under the Blood Glucose Curve (IAUC) for the test foods as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. Results: The results indicated that the IAUC for Watermelon (95 ± 11) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of Tomato (37 ± 12), and Gungo (58 ± 13). The differences in IAUC of Watermelon (95 ± 11), Guava (83 ± 27) and Papaya (80 ± 7) were not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no significant difference in GI among the samples studied. Conclusion: Tomato, Gungo, Papaya Watermelon and Guava were shown to have low glycemic index and glycemic load values.

Download Full-text

Interrupting prolonged sitting with repeated chair stands or short walks reduces postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jenna B. Gillen ◽

Stephanie Estafanos ◽

Eric Williamson ◽

Nathan Hodson ◽

Julia M. Malowany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Risk ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽

Skeletal Muscle Biopsy ◽

Postprandial Glycemia ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Daily Energy

We determined if interrupting prolonged sitting with practical 'activity snacks' could reduce postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults. Fourteen participants (7 males, 7 females; 24±5yr; 25±5kg/m2; 40±8ml/kg/min; 7033±2288 steps/d) completed three 7.5-hr trials in a randomized order consisting of uninterrupted sitting (SIT), sitting with intermittent (every 30 min) walking (WALK; 2 min at 3.1 mph) or sitting with intermittent squats (SQUAT; 15 chair stands with calf raise). Mixed-macronutrient liquid meals provided 20% ('breakfast') and 30% ('lunch') of daily energy needs to mimic Western meal patterns. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were collected to measure markers of contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake signaling. Postprandial glucose and insulin did not differ across conditions following breakfast. After lunch, peak insulin concentration was lower in SQUAT (52±27, p<0.01) and WALK (62±35, p<0.05) compared to SIT (79±43 μIU/mL). The insulin iAUC 1 hr following lunch was 37 and 29% lower in SQUAT (p<0.01) and WALK (p<0.05) compared to SIT, respectively, however 3 hr insulin iAUC was reduced in SQUAT only (24% vs. SIT, p<0.05). The 3 hr insulin:glucose iAUC was reduced following lunch in both SQUAT (30%) and WALK (23%) compared to SIT (p<0.05). Phosphorylation of AKTThr308, AKTSer473, and AS160Ser318 were not different between conditions (p>0.05). Interrupting prolonged sitting with short walks or repeated chair stands reduces postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults. Our results may have implications for mitigating cardiometabolic disease risk in adults who engage in periods of prolonged sitting.

Download Full-text

Difficulties in Translating Appetite Sensations Effect of Turmeric-Based Beverage When Given Prior to Isoenergetic Medium- or High-Fat Meals in Healthy Subjects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 736 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoghatama Zanzer ◽

Ângela Batista ◽

Anestis Dougkas ◽

Juscelino Tovar ◽

Yvonne Granfeldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Hormones ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Wheat Bread ◽

High Fat ◽

Postprandial Glycemia ◽

White Wheat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Prospective Consumption ◽

Desire To Eat

The established effect of turmeric and its curcuminoids on appetite sensations was previously shown to be mediated by gut hormones release. In in vitro and preclinical studies, curcumin was shown to induce GLP-1 secretion and improve postprandial glycemia. In humans, consumption of 220 mL turmeric-based beverage (TUR, containing 185 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)) prior to white wheat bread (WWB, 50 g available carbohydrate) reduced early postprandial glucose levels and induced peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY) release, as well as lowered ‘desire to eat’ and ‘prospective consumption’ in a postprandial setting, compared to control. In the present study, 12 healthy participants (5 men, 7 women) were admitted. An identical beverage was given and consumed prior to isoenergetic (423 kcal) medium-fat (MF) or high-fat (HF) meals. Appetite sensations including perceived ‘hunger’, ‘desire to eat’, ‘satiety’, ‘fullness’, ‘prospective consumption’, and ‘thirst’ were measured using visual analogue scales. MF induced 18% (p = 0.039) higher ‘satiety’ compared to HF. TUR consumption prior to either MF or HF did not modulate the perceived appetite sensations. Whether macronutrient-induced appetite sensations override the actual turmeric effects warrants further investigation.

Download Full-text

Effect of Metformin on Metabolic Improvement and Gut Microbiota

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01357-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (19) ◽

pp. 5935-5943 ◽

Cited By ~ 178

Author(s):

Heetae Lee ◽

GwangPyo Ko

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Metformin Treatment ◽

Content Type ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Induced Changes

ABSTRACTMetformin is commonly used as the first line of medication for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, metformin-induced changes in the gut microbiota have been reported; however, the relationship between metformin treatment and the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, the composition of the gut microbiota was investigated using a mouse model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity with and without metformin treatment. As expected, metformin treatment improved markers of metabolic disorders, including serum glucose levels, body weight, and total cholesterol levels. Moreover,Akkermansia muciniphila(12.44% ± 5.26%) andClostridium cocleatum(0.10% ± 0.09%) abundances increased significantly after metformin treatment of mice on the HFD. The relative abundance ofA. muciniphilain the fecal microbiota was also found to increase in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium supplemented with metforminin vitro. In addition to the changes in the microbiota associated with metformin treatment, when other influences were controlled for, a total of 18 KEGG metabolic pathways (including those for sphingolipid and fatty acid metabolism) were significantly upregulated in the gut microbiota during metformin treatment of mice on an HFD. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota and their metabolic pathways are influenced by metformin treatment.

Download Full-text

Investigation of the effects of animal and plant based milk on satiety and postprandial glucose levels

Food and Health ◽

10.3153/fh22006 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

Hilal Hızlı Güldemir ◽

İlkim Güney ◽

Duygu Göksu ◽

Büşrahan Sancak ◽

Havvagül Pekdemir

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Postprandial Glycemia ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Difference ◽

Test Drink

The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of animal and plant-based milk consumption on postprandial glycemia, toughness, food intake of healthy individuals. Cow milk and soymilk were used as the test drink and com-mercial fruit juice as the control group. In the study in which 19 healthy adult subjects participated, fast-ing blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose ana-lysed, visual analog scale and appetite were ques-tioned. Then, 24-hour food comsumption records were taken and energy and mac-ronutrients were calculated and compared. While the highest energy intake was on the day that cow milk was consumed, no signifi-cant relationship was found between test groups in terms of energy and macronutrient intake (p>0.05). It was de-termined that the difference between fasting and post-prandial blood glucose was in the week in which the highest cow milk was con-sumed and this change was significant (p< 0.05). It was thought that the satiety ef-fect of cow milk may be higher than that of soy milk due to its animal protein and saturated fat content.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh lama mengunyah terhadap kadar glukosa postprandial dewasa obesitas

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.8.1.24-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Arin Wulansari ◽

Fryta Ameilia Luthfinnisa ◽

Fuadah Uyun ◽

Dwi Retnoningrum ◽

Fifin Luthfia Rahmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Glucose Testing ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Cephalic Phase ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Obesity cause various physiological changes in the body, one of which is insulin resistance causes high blood glucose levels. Chewing is a stimulus of cephalic phase responses and sensory stimulation that can increase hormones releasing such as insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Chewing plays important role in determining postprandial plasma glucose concentration.Objective: Investigate the effect of chewing on postprandial blood glucose in obese adults.Method: This was true experimental research. Research subjects were treated in the form of chewing 22 times and 40 times each mouthful. Blood glucose levels were measured using glucometer on fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. Statistical test using Independent t-test.Results: The mean postprandial glucose levels in the 22 chews group at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes were 112.11 ± 14.3328, 126.11 ± 15.667, 116.94 ± 15.539, and 89.67 ± 11.668 . While the mean postprandial blood glucose levels in the 40 chews group at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes were 122.22 ± 14.381, 129.61 ± 15.112, 109.50 ± 14.995, and 85.83 ± 13.963. There were statistically significant differences between chewing groups 22 times and chewing 40 times on fasting blood glucose and 15 minutes postprandial blood glucose (p = 0.041 and p = 0.042), while on 30 minutes postprandial glucose testing, 60 minutes , and 120 minutes there was no significant difference (p> 0.05).Conclusion: There was significant differences in 15 minutes postprandial blood glucose level between group 22 times chewing and 40 times chewing each mouthful.

Download Full-text

Association between the serum estrone-to-estradiol ratio and parameters related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.5653/cerm.2021.04553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 374-379

Author(s):

Nayoung Kim ◽

Sungwook Chun

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Clinical Variable ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Glucose Levels

Objective: We aimed to evaluate associations between the ratio of serum estrone (E1) to estradiol (E2) and parameters related to serum glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In total, 133 women between the ages of 18 and 33 diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this study. All participants with PCOS underwent blood tests to determine hormonal and biochemical metabolic parameters and a standard 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. They were divided into two groups according to the serum E1-to-E2 ratio: group 1 (E1/E2 ratio <2.0) and group 2 (E1/E2 ratio ≥2.0). Results: In the comparative analysis, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the only clinical variable that was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with a higher E1/E2 ratio showed higher fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model for insulin resistance, and postprandial glucose levels at 2 hours (PPG2). In a correlation analysis, only PPG2 was significantly related to the serum E1/E2 ratio. However, after controlling for the confounding effects of body mass index (BMI) and WHR, fasting glucose was also significantly correlated with the serum E1/E2 ratio. Conclusion: Women with PCOS with a higher serum E1/E2 ratio were found to be more likely to show higher fasting insulin and postprandial glucose levels. Significant correlations were found between the serum E1/E2 ratio and both fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels after adjusting for BMI and WHR in women with PCOS.

Download Full-text

Immunologic Effects of An Oral BRAF Inhibitor in a BRAF Wild-Type Murine Model

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.4935.4935 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 4935-4935

Author(s):

Gregory S. Vosganian ◽

Rinke Bos ◽

Linda Sherman

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Splenic Lymphocytes ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Abstract 4935 Introduction: Metastatic melanoma represents a clinical challenge as aggressive therapy often results in unacceptable toxicity and less intensive therapy results in suboptimal clinical outcomes. PLX-4032 is an orally available small molecule which targets constitutively activated BRAFV600E in melanoma cells. BRAF is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation and migration. We examined the effect of PLX-4032 on the immune system in two BRAF wild type murine systems: the first to determine the effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production and the second to determine any functional immune effect of PLX-4032 in an insulinoma model. Methods: Effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production: B10.D2 BRAF WT mice were injected with CD8 lymphocytes expressing a TCR specific for HA518-526 peptide (clone 1) and CD4 lymphocytes expressing a TCR specific for HA110-119 peptide (SFE) on Day 0 and concurrently simulated with appropriate peptide, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and poly IC. Mice received PLX-4032 200mg/kg or placebo daily for 5 days. On day 6, splenic lymphocytes were harvested and flow cytometry performed to determine CD4 and CD8 IL2, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha production. Effect of PLX-4032 on functional immune response: B10.D2 BRAF WT rat insulin promoter (RIP)-Tag2-hemagglutinin mice bearing insulinoma were injected with clone 1 and SFE lymphocytes on Day 0 and received concurrent stimulation as above. Mice received PLX-4032 200mg/kg or placebo daily for 30 days and serum glucose levels were monitored weekly. Results: Effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production: We noted no significant difference in the absolute number of splenic lymphocytes recovered in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the percent of CD8+ clone 1 cells producing TNF alpha, IL2 or IFN gamma. There was similarly no significant difference in the percent of CD4+/SFE lymphocytes recovered between the treatment and control groups, nor was there a significant difference in the percent of cells producing IFN gamma. Effect of PLX-4032 on functional immune response: Treatment with PLX-4032 resulted in no significant inhibition of the immune response of transferred lymphocytes against insulinoma. Mice in both groups developed significantly elevated serum glucose levels at the same time and remained diabetic for a similar duration. Discussion: Our data demonstrate that PLX-4032 does not appear to exert a quantitative or functional effect on the immune system in BRAF WT mice. Melanoma therapies often include medications which augment patient immune function or specifically target immune regulation; these data suggest that PLX-4032 does not inhibit normal immune function and therefore may have a role in combination with immunologically directed therapy, possibly resulting in synergistic anti-tumor effect by targeting multiple pathways involved in tumor survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Download Full-text