Interrupting prolonged sitting with repeated chair stands or short walks reduces postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna B. Gillen ◽  
Stephanie Estafanos ◽  
Eric Williamson ◽  
Nathan Hodson ◽  
Julia M. Malowany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Daily Energy

We determined if interrupting prolonged sitting with practical 'activity snacks' could reduce postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults. Fourteen participants (7 males, 7 females; 24±5yr; 25±5kg/m2; 40±8ml/kg/min; 7033±2288 steps/d) completed three 7.5-hr trials in a randomized order consisting of uninterrupted sitting (SIT), sitting with intermittent (every 30 min) walking (WALK; 2 min at 3.1 mph) or sitting with intermittent squats (SQUAT; 15 chair stands with calf raise). Mixed-macronutrient liquid meals provided 20% ('breakfast') and 30% ('lunch') of daily energy needs to mimic Western meal patterns. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and skeletal muscle biopsy samples were collected to measure markers of contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake signaling. Postprandial glucose and insulin did not differ across conditions following breakfast. After lunch, peak insulin concentration was lower in SQUAT (52±27, p<0.01) and WALK (62±35, p<0.05) compared to SIT (79±43 μIU/mL). The insulin iAUC 1 hr following lunch was 37 and 29% lower in SQUAT (p<0.01) and WALK (p<0.05) compared to SIT, respectively, however 3 hr insulin iAUC was reduced in SQUAT only (24% vs. SIT, p<0.05). The 3 hr insulin:glucose iAUC was reduced following lunch in both SQUAT (30%) and WALK (23%) compared to SIT (p<0.05). Phosphorylation of AKTThr308, AKTSer473, and AS160Ser318 were not different between conditions (p>0.05). Interrupting prolonged sitting with short walks or repeated chair stands reduces postprandial insulinemia in healthy adults. Our results may have implications for mitigating cardiometabolic disease risk in adults who engage in periods of prolonged sitting.

GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Antagonism During a Meal in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e725-e738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lærke S Gasbjerg ◽  
Mads M Helsted ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
Alexander H Sparre-Ulrich ◽  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Incretin Hormones ◽  
Gallbladder Ejection Fraction ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Abstract Context The actions of both endogenous incretin hormones during a meal have not previously been characterized. Objective Using specific receptor antagonists, we investigated the individual and combined contributions of endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) to postprandial glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and gallbladder motility. Design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Setting On four separate days, four liquid mixed meal tests (1894 kJ) over 270 minutes (min). Patients or Other Participants Twelve healthy male volunteers. Interventions Infusions of the GIP receptor antagonist GIP(3–30)NH2 (800 pmol/kg/min), the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–39)NH2 (0–20 min: 1000 pmol/kg/min; 20–270 min: 450 pmol/kg/min), GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2, or placebo/saline. Main Outcome Measure Baseline-subtracted area under the curve (bsAUC) of C-peptide. Results Infusion of GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2 significantly increased plasma glucose excursions (bsAUC: 261 ± 142 mmol/L × min) during the liquid mixed meals compared with GIP(3–30)NH2 (180 ± 141 mmol/L × min; P = 0.048), exendin(9–39)NH2 (171 ± 114 mmol/L × min; P = 0.046), and placebo (116 ± 154 mmol/L × min; P = 0.015). Correspondingly, C-peptide:glucose ratios during GIP(3–30)NH2+exendin(9–39)NH2 infusion were significantly lower than during GIP(3–30)NH2 (P = 0.0057), exendin(9–39)NH2 (P = 0.0038), and placebo infusion (P = 0.014). GIP(3–30)NH2 resulted in significantly lower AUCs for glucagon than exendin(9–39)NH2 (P = 0.0417). Gallbladder ejection fraction was higher during GIP(3–30)NH2 compared with placebo (P = 0.004). For all interventions, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were similar. Conclusions Endogenous GIP and GLP-1 lower postprandial plasma glucose excursions and stimulate insulin secretion but only endogenous GIP affects gallbladder motility. The two incretin hormones potentiate each other’s effects in the control of postprandial glycemia in healthy men.

Prolonged sitting and markers of cardiometabolic disease risk in children and youth: A randomized crossover study

Metabolism ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Saunders ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield ◽  
Rachel C. Colley ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Changes in glucose levels and fecal excretion of lipids due to consumption of yacon flour

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juciane de Abreu Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Piccolo Barcelos ◽  
Eric Batista Ferreira ◽  
Rafaela Corrêa Pereira ◽  
Michel Cardoso de Angelis-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Animal Feces

Purpose As studies investigating the effects of fructan sources, such as yacon, on glucose and lipid metabolism showed different results, additional research is required to establish a clear relationship between them. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate possible effects of the consumption of the yacon pulp flour (YPF) on biological and metabolic parameters such as food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose levels and fecal lipid excretion of rats, as well as determine the role of glycemic index (GI) of the diets added of this ingredient on those parameters. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which received the following treatments for 17 days: Group 1 (G1) (Control) – American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-M; Group 2 (G2) – AIN-M added 5 per cent YPF; Group 3 (G3) – AIN-M added 10 per cent YPF and Group 4 (G4) – AIN-M added 15 per cent YPF. Analysis of fasting and postprandial glycemia was conducted for elaboration of the glycemic curve and calculation of the GI of the diets. Lipids loss was measured by quantification of crude fat in feces after consumption of the diet. Findings YPF, regarding the concentration in the diets, did not elevate the fasting glucose among the groups. The postprandial glucose of the animals declined in different postprandial glucose peaks of the groups ingesting YPF in relation to the control one, especially in group treated with 15 per cent YPF, between 30 and 60 min (p <0,05), confirming the influence of the dietary fiber on the absorption of the glucose. The ingestion of YPF increased dragging of lipids to the animal feces, proportional to the amounts of YPF added to the diets. According to the regression analysis, followed by regression testing to 5 per cent, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups, being that the elevation of the percentage of YPF added to the diet caused a proportional increase in the lipid levels in the animal feces. Originality/value YPF could be an alimentary source of interest, mainly when the focus is on disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.

scholarly journals Effects of Glycemic Index and Cereal Fiber on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Glycemia, and Insulinemia in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaesser ◽  
Rodriguez ◽  
Patrie ◽  
Whisner ◽  
Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Cereal Fiber ◽  
Meal Ingestion

Both glycemic index and dietary fiber are associated with cardiovascular disease risk, which may be related in part to postprandial vascular effects. We examined the effects of both glycemic index (GI) and dietary (mainly cereal) fiber on postprandial endothelial function. Eleven adults (5 men; 6 women; age = 42.4 ± 16.1 years; weight = 70.5 ± 10.7 kg; height = 173.7 ± 8.7 cm) consumed four different breakfast meals on separate, randomized occasions: High-Fiber, Low-GI (HF-LGI: Fiber = 20.4 g; GI = 44); Low-Fiber, Low-GI (LF-LGI: Fiber = 4.3 g; GI = 43); Low-Fiber, High-GI (LF-HGI: Fiber = 3.6 g; GI = 70); High-Fiber, High-GI (HF-HGI: Fiber = 20.3 g; GI = 71). Meals were equal in total kcal (~600) and macronutrient composition (~90 g digestible carbohydrate; ~21 g protein; ~15 g fat). The HF-LGI meal resulted in a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) 4 hours after meal ingestion (7.8% ± 5.9% to 13.2% ± 5.5%; p = 0.02). FMD was not changed after the other meals. Regardless of fiber content, low-GI meals resulted in ~9% lower 4-hour glucose area under curve (AUC) (p < 0.05). The HF-LGI meal produced the lowest 4-hour insulin AUC, which was ~43% lower than LF-HGI and HF-HGI (p < 0.001), and 28% lower than LF-LGI (p = 0.02). We conclude that in healthy adults, a meal with low GI and high in cereal fiber enhances postprandial endothelial function. Although the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial glucose AUC was independent of fiber, the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial insulin AUC was augmented by cereal fiber.

scholarly journals Postprandial glycemia and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Léo Wajchenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

This article reviews the role of fasting and postprandial glycemia to the overall glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance, as well as their causal relationship upon micro and macrovascular complications. Recent studies have suggested that a third component of the glucose triad, the postprandial glucose excursions, might have a role in the overall glycemic load and might also reflect glycemic control. Epidemiological and intervention studies are presented in the article, supporting the conclusion that postprandial hyperglycemia in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic subjects is a more powerful marker of cardiovascular disease risk than fasting hyperglycemia, then the treatment directed at specifically lowering postprandial glucose is crucial, as underlined by the American Diabetes Association.

scholarly journals Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e83498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Donnelly ◽  
Stephen D. Herrmann ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Jeffery J. Honas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Dascalu ◽  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Mark P. Stavro ◽  
Lawrence A. Leiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean ± SE age 26.5 ± 2 years, body mass index 23.96 ± 3.41 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L, were assigned to consume 9 g of American ginseng from 5 farms (A–E), administered in randomized sequence on 5 separate visits, and a water-control during the 6th and last visit. Treatments were consumed 40 min before a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at baseline, before, and during the test. Compared with control, batches A and C reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) by 35.2% (156 vs. 240 mmol·min/L) and 32.6% (162 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), respectively. Batches A, C, and E reduced incremental peak glucose by 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Batch C reduced the insulin IAUC by 27.7% (15.8 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L). Effects on glucose and insulin parameters were not different across ginseng treatments. The mean of the 5 ginseng treatments reduced peak postprandial glucose by 1.0 mmol/L, glucose IAUC by 27.7% (173 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), and insulin IAUC by 23.8% (16.6 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L) relative to control. (All results statistically significant at p < 0.05.) American ginseng decreased postprandial glycemia and insulinemia; however, 40% of the batches did not reduce glycemia with the anticipated magnitude, irrespective of their saponin composition.

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