Russia to sustain European gas sales and grow in Asia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
New Record ◽  
European Market ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
The Baltic

Significance Russian gas export volumes to Europe set a new record last year, supported by increased wholesale gas prices. Energy firm Gazprom aims to maintain its European market share while making inroads in more dynamically developing Asian markets. Impacts Gazprom has long-term supply contracts with European customers lasting until the late 2020s or 2035. Belarus, Moldova, Georgia and the Baltic states will remain reliant on Russian gas, despite sometimes difficult political ties with Moscow. Moscow has offered to resume gas purchases from Turkmenistan, possibly to blunt plans for a trans-Caspian pipeline supplying Europe. Further delays to Gazprom's LNG plans will leave Novatek as technological leader in this sector.

TurkStream will compete in a complex Balkan gas market

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

Significance With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas through Turkey. Russian gas giant Gazprom is now less dependent on transit through Ukraine, although the larger Nord Stream 2 pipeline under the Baltic is being delayed and the Ukrainian route will continue serving Central Europe for the time being. Impacts Plans for a floating storage regasification unit at Alexandroupolis in north-eastern Greece will make headway. Access to LNG will give customers leverage over Gazprom when long-term supply contracts are renegotiated in the 2020s. As TurkStream brings not new but rerouted gas (except for new customers) it will not raise dependence on Russia.

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF HEALTHY AGEING DETERMINANTS IN BALTIC STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 414-427
Author(s):  
Madara Miķelsone ◽  
Diāna Baltmane ◽  
Ieva Reine ◽  
Sigita Sniķere ◽  
Andrejs Ivanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
The Baltic

According to the WHO, healthy ageing is characterized by such interrelated determinants as intrinsic capacity, functional ability and environment. An individual's intrinsic capacity is a powerful predictor of the future ageing process and includes 5 areas - cognitive, psychological, sensory, locomotion and vitality. Exploration of these areas can provide necessary information for therapeutic and preventive actions that can be tailored to an individual's needs, priorities and values to support participation and quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare healthy ageing determinants of older individuals in the Baltic States. The research was based on the sample of older individuals (50 years and older) from wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) during the period from November 2019 to March 2020. The obtained results indicate a low level/poor results in such determinants as locomotion, sensory, vitality and functional ability (more than 50% of the respondents among the Baltic countries has poor health, various long-term illnesses, limitations in daily activities, suffer from moderate or severe pain, requires help to meet daily needs, etc.), has various behavioral risks, however has higher assessment of cognitive and psychological determinants.

A Century of the Baltic States’ Independence: Some Similarities and Differences with Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Gabriela Belova ◽  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Development ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Baltic

The article scrutinizes the Baltic States and their century of independence which have been the focus of interest of various sciences. On the occasion of the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of the independence of the Baltic States – Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia – some parallels could be drawn with the historical, economic and political development of these countries and Bulgaria. These parallels are not only found in the political and legal period but are contained in different stages, which shows the interesting legal and political nature of the Baltic States and some of their common problems and events with the countries of Eastern Europe and, in particular, the example with Bulgaria. The article has also drawn attention to a significant problem that the three Baltic States and Bulgaria have to deal with, namely the demographic crisis. This problem is particularly important in the light of migratory pressures that the countries outlining the external borders of the European Union are facing and it involves systematic and long-term efforts.

Russia will increase covert Baltic interference

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Military Exercise

Significance In line with such concerns, Estonia held a large military exercise, Hedgehog, on May 4-15, involving 13,000 troops. On May 6, Lithuania launched Lightning Strike, a military exercise involving 3,000 troops in a simulated defence of the country's new liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Klaipeda. In December, Latvia said Russian submarines had approached its maritime borders more than 50 times in the past year. However, Russia's more overt activities also pose a major risk to the Baltics. Impacts Russian intelligence will continue to target not just Baltic secrets but, through them, NATO and EU ones. Russian operations will aim to create division by playing on discontent within sizeable ethnic Russian minorities who feel marginalised. NATO will increase the rate and size of Baltic drills to reassure the Baltic states.

NATO Baltic exercises will prompt risky behaviour

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Baltic

Significance BALTOPS 16 will be the largest NATO maritime exercise in the Baltic Sea in recent years. The exercise is also held mere weeks before NATO's July 8-9 summit in Warsaw, and therefore serves as a tangible prelude to the alliance's intent to address renewed Russian security challenges in the region. Impacts Improvements in Western missile defence systems will make it more difficult politically to undergo arms control cooperation with Moscow. Poland's military modernisation programme will boost its ability to be a security partner of the Baltic states. Washington is unlikely to approve a permanent US military presence in the Baltic states in the near-to-medium term.

International joint venture strategies and performance in the Baltic States

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Antero Larimo ◽  
Huu Le Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
International Joint ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Ijv Performance ◽  
Finnish Firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse investment strategies and performance of Finnish firms in their international joint ventures (IJVs) established in Baltic States. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyse performance of IJVs in Baltic States based on the IJV theory, international business literature, and foreign direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) literature. The analysed factors include firm, investment, and inter-partner relationship-specific factors. To examine the propositions the paper used ten IJVs established by Finnish firms in various Baltic States between the period 1991 and 2005. Findings – The results show that the level of uncertainties in the countries and the differences between partners are not related to firms’ commitments and the entry mode choice. Several Finnish firms preferred cost leadership to compete with other firms in the local markets. In most cases there was a positive relationship between the level of partners’ equity share, commitment to the IJV, and the level of trust between partners. The results indicated differences in the IJV performance depending on parent firms’ objectives, their competitive strategies, mode of entry, age of IJVs, control strategies, level of trust, and commitment between partners, as well as depending on the performance measures used. Practical implications – This study suggests four observations that managers may need to take into consideration to improve IJV performance in the Baltic States. First, cost leadership strategy help to increase IJV performance in terms of sales. Second, social control mechanisms and narrow control leaded to better performance than formal and wide control. Third, minority ownership by Finnish firms in IJVs leaded to better performance based on sales, productivity and total performance whereas majority ownership had leaded to better performance in terms of total costs. Finally, the results confirmed that commitment to the IJV operation and trust on the other partner are very essential factors to IJV performance. Originality/value – The study is the first one to analyse in more detail based on several cases the IJV strategies and performance of Finnish firms in the Baltic States. The analysed factors include several such factors which have not been analysed related to IJV operations in Baltic States (some also limitedly in the CEE context).

Russia meddling Ukraine-style in Baltics is unlikely

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Linguistic Communities

Subject Survey evidence on Baltic Russophones’ attitudes to the EU and NATO. Significance Russia’s involvement in Ukraine and the 2016 US elections have raised concerns that it may attempt to sow divisions in the Baltic states between those who speak Russian as their first language and other linguistic communities, to shift the former to a more pro-Moscow position. Impacts Significant Russian-speaking minorities will shape how the Baltic states are perceived abroad, including by Russia itself. NATO units being rotated through the Baltics would be well advised to treat Russophones correctly, to help alleviate suspicions. The Centre Party’s participation in government in Estonia brings Russophones into national politics.

Russia's Baltic Sea build-up will challenge NATO

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Close Encounters ◽  
The Baltic

Significance The Baltic Sea and its airspace brings NATO and Russian forces into direct contact, and frictions have increased since 2014, with a series of dangerously close encounters between aircraft and vessels. NATO wishes to reassure member states and bolster defence and deterrence in the Baltic region. Russia argues that it is being encircled and is developing a network of anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) weapons systems to deter NATO maritime and air forces during a crisis or war. Impacts Aggressive Russian tactics will not stop NATO naval and air forces operating in international waters and in the Baltic states. NATO exercises are likely to intensify, with a special emphasis on long-range strike, anti-submarine and electronic warfare. Amphibious landings to reinforce the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian armies will be tested. NATO members and partners will consider acquiring submarines, sea-based air defence systems and anti-submarine capabilities.

Russian missiles increase Baltic region risks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East European ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Baltic

Significance The deployment of Russia's latest tactical missile in Kaliningrad adds to the destabilising risks in a region encompassing the Baltic states, Poland and Belarus. The Polish defence ministry has asked the United States to deploy an armoured division there on a permanent basis. Impacts The July 11-12 NATO summit may offer clearer direction on East European strategy if members can reach agreement. Nordic states will shape their defence policies with a view to Russia's Baltic build-up. Moscow's view of whether reinforcing Kaliningrad is sufficient will dictate future policy towards Belarus.

Prospects for Central-Eastern Europe to end-2019

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

Subject Prospects for Central-Eastern Europe to end-2019. Significance After a strong cyclical upswing in 2017-18, the outlook for GDP growth in Central Europe and the Baltic states (CEB) will be shaped by several political milestones, notably Poland’s general election and Brexit, while softer economic conditions in the euro-area will test the resilience of the region’s export-dependent economies.

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