Utility of copper (lignin/silica/fatty acids) complex derived from rice straw as antioxidant/hardening and fluid resistant agent in nitrile-butadiene rubber composites (PART IV)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Sabry Othman ◽  
Salwa H. El-Sabbagh ◽  
Galal A. Nawwar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Fluid Resistance

Purpose In continuation to the previous work on copper (lignin/silica/fatty acids) (Cu-LSF) complex as a natural antioxidant/electrical conductivity agent for nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), this study aims to perform further investigations for NBR vulcanizates loaded with different concentrations of Cu-LSF complex, including swelling behavior and hardness properties, as well as evaluating their thermal stability via thermogravimetric analysis. Design/methodology/approach The behavior of Cu-LSF complex in NBR matrix was compared with that of the standard commercial antioxidants (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline/N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine [TMQ/IPPD]). Findings Results revealed that Cu-LSF complex can act as an effective reinforcing and hardening agent, with exhibiting fluid resistance, even when compared with the commercial antioxidants. In comparison with the previous studies on its Zn and Ca analogues and their behavior in different rubber matrixes, Cu-LSF complex showed higher values of hardness and less susceptibility for swelling, respectively. Moreover, Cu-LSF antioxidant activity becomes in accordance with the previous work. Originality/value The new Cu-LSF complex could be used as a green alternative to the commercial antioxidants (TMQ/IPPD) with introducing further advantages to the rubber matrix, such as hardening, fluid resistance and thermal stability.

A copper-(lignin/silica/fatty acids) complex as an antioxidant/electrical conductivity agent for rubber composites (Part iii)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Sabry Othman ◽  
Maher A. El-Hashash ◽  
S. H. El-Sabbagh ◽  
A. A. Ward ◽  
Galal A.M. Nawwar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Additives

Purpose Calcium and Zinc lignates were proven to be good antioxidants for rubber composites. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the copper lignate antioxidant activity along with evaluating its electrical conductivity in rubber composites. Design/methodology/approach The antioxidant activity of the Cu-LSF complex was compared with that of standard commercial antioxidant additives as a green alternative. The rheological characteristics, thermal aging and mechanical and electrical properties were evaluated for the NBR vulcanizates containing the different antioxidants in the presence or absence of coupling agents. Findings Results revealed that the Cu-LSF complex (5 phr) can function as a compatibilizing, antioxidant and electrical conductivity agent. Originality/value The new copper complex prepared from paper-pulping black liquor of wastes could be used as a green antioxidant and electrical conductivity agent in rubber composites.

scholarly journals Common Origin of Filler Network Related Contributions to Reinforcement and Dissipation in Rubber Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2534
Author(s):  
Sriharish Malebennur Nagaraja ◽  
Sven Henning ◽  
Sybill Ilisch ◽  
Mario Beiner
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Filler Network ◽  
General Perspective ◽  
Rubber Filler

A comparative study focusing on the visco–elastic properties of two series of carbon black filled composites with natural rubber (NR) and its blends with butadiene rubber (NR-BR) as matrices is reported. Strain sweeps at different temperatures are performed. Filler network-related contributions to reinforcement (ΔG′) are quantified by the classical Kraus equation while a modified Kraus equation is used to quantify different contributions to dissipation (ΔGD″, ΔGF″). Results indicate that the filler network is visco-elastic in nature and that it is causing a major part of the composite dissipation at small and intermediate strain amplitudes. The temperature dependence of filler network-related reinforcement and dissipation contributions is found to depend significantly on the rubber matrix composition. We propose that this is due to differences in the chemical composition of the glassy rubber bridges connecting filler particles since the filler network topology is seemingly not significantly influenced by the rubber matrix for a given filler content. The underlying physical picture explains effects in both dissipation and reinforcement. It predicts that these glassy rubber bridges will soften sequentially at temperatures much higher than the bulk Tg of the corresponding rubber. This is hypothetically due to rubber–filler interactions at interfaces resulting in an increased packing density in the glassy rubber related to the reduction of free volume. From a general perspective, this study provides deeper insights towards the molecular origin of reinforcement and dissipation in rubber composites.

scholarly journals Influence of Eco-Friendly Processing Aids on Silica-Based Rubber Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7244
Author(s):  
Sung Ho Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Processing Aids

As eco-friendly “green tires” are being developed in the tire industry, conventionally used carbon black is being replaced with silica in rubber compounds. Generally, as a lubricant and dispersing agent, processing aids containing zinc ions have been employed as additives. However, as zinc is a heavy metal, alternative eco-friendly processing aids are required to satisfy worldwide environmental concerns. Furthermore, non-toxic, degradable, and renewable processing aids are required to improve the mechanical properties of the rubber composites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diverse silica-based processing aids containing hydrocarbon, benzene, and hydroxyl functional groups on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Among them, rubber composites that used amphiphilic terpene phenol resin (TPR) with hydrophilic silica showed compatibility with the hydrophobic rubber matrix and were revealed to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties. Furthermore, owing to the enhanced dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix, the TPR/styrene butadiene rubber composites exhibited enhanced wet grip and rolling resistance. These results indicated that TPR had multifunctional effects at low levels and has the potential for use as a processing aid in silica-based rubber composites in tire engineering applications.

High‐performance hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites by in situ interfacial design of nanoclays

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1618-1625
Author(s):  
Jihua Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Weitao Zao ◽  
Huadong Feng ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Influences of NBR/Al2O3/YSZ as Fillers for PMMA Composite on the Thermal Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Ahmed Omran Alhareb ◽  
Hazizan Md Akil ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Pmma Matrix ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Unreacted Monomer ◽  
Impact Modifier ◽  
Dsc Curves ◽  
Pmma Powder

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR as impact modifier) together with Al2O3/YSZ (toughening) as different filler ratios in PMMA material on the DSC thermal properties. PMMA matrix without fillers was mixed between PMMA powder and 0.5 wt.% of BPO and fixed at 7.5 wt.% of NBR particles with different ratios of filler (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt.%) of Al2O3/YSZ mixture filler by (1:1 ratio). The TGA data were shown that the PMMA composite have better thermal stability compared to unreinforced PMMA matrix. While, DSC curves shows slightly similar in Tg value. DSC results also indicated the presence of unreacted monomer content for both reinforced and unreinforced PMMA composites. As conclusion of this study, the reinforced PMMA composites are improved in thermal stability compared to unreinforced PMMA matrix.

Ferroelectrically induced dual band microwave absorption in multiferroic BiFeO3/acrylo-nitrile butadiene rubber composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Saini ◽  
Sunil Kumar Barala ◽  
Manoj Kumar Patra ◽  
Raj Kumar Jani ◽  
Ambesh Dixit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Multiferroic Bifeo3

Enhancement of styrene-butadiene rubber composites using kaolin covered with metal oxide pigments

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa H El-Sabbagh ◽  
Nivin M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Purpose – This paper aims to express in detail the rheological, morphological and thermal properties of unpigmented and pigmented styrene-butadiene rubber composites with new prepared inorganic pigment based on kaolin covered with a thin layer of calcium and magnesium oxides or mixed oxide of both together. These new pigments combine the properties of both their constituents (kaolin and metal oxides), which are a new trend in inorganic pigments called core-shell pigments. The pigments used for comparison are kaolin (K), CaO/kaolin (CaO/K), MgO/kaolin (MgO/K) and CaO.MgO/kaolin (CaO.MgO/K). Design/methodology/approach – The different pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy, while rubber vulcanizates' rheological, morphological, swelling and thermal properties were examined using different standard and instrumental testing and methods. Findings – The study revealed that there is a significant effect of the new prepared pigments on SBR properties, where the optimum pigment loading was 40 phr for CaO/kaolin, while it was 2.5 phr for MgO/kaolin. Studying the effect of different ratios of oxides on kaolin (5, 10 and 20 per cent), different loadings of these pigments ranging between 2.5 and 40 phr were done for each pigment. These modified kaolin or core-shell metal oxide/kaolin pigments imparted new and improved reinforcing properties to SBR vulcanizates. Research limitations/implications – No research limitations were found. Practical implications – Core-shell MgO/kaolin pigments are eco-friendly and can replace other expensive pigments that are usually used as fillers in the rubber industry with less expenses and comparable efficiency. Originality/value – These new pigments are cheap and efficient and can be used in different fields other than rubber.

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