Deep eutectic solvent: a green and sustainable alternative for the synthesis of copper phthalocyanine blue and its value added applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Amruta Joglekar-Athavale ◽  
Ganapti S. Shankarling
Keyword(s):  
Copper Phthalocyanine ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Screen Ink

Purpose This paper aims to propose a simple, effective and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of commercially important pigment copper phthalocyanine (PC) blue has been developed using deep eutectic solvent (DES). Design/methodology/approach DES prepared from choline chloride and urea is used as a reaction medium, as well as a source of ammonia. The design of the experiment and factorial design study has proved that the milder reaction conditions with high yields and reusability of DES are the key features of the present study. Findings The synthesized pigment is obtained at milder reaction conditions with excellent yield, which can be seen from the design of experiments done for the optimization of results. Practical implications The synthesized pigment was used as a colorant in epoxy-based paint and in screen ink, which gave satisfactory results with respect to color values and stability. Social implications The screen ink prepared was formulated considering environmental aspects to avoid the use of solvents. Biodegradable components were added to the colorant to make the ink environment friendly. Originality/value Reactions occur at moderate temperatures without affecting the time factor, thus, it saves energy. A simple, effective and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of commercially important copper PC has been developed using DES. After the first batch, DES synthesized can be reused as a reaction medium where only a stoichiometric amount of urea is to be added. Simple work up, high yield and purity are achieved.

scholarly journals Eutectic Salt Catalyzed Environmentally Benign and Highly Efficient Biginelli Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmadin Azizi ◽  
Sahar Dezfuli ◽  
Mohmmad Mahmoodi Hahsemi
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Aliphatic Aldehydes ◽  
Eutectic Salt ◽  
Tin Chloride

A simple deep eutectic solvent based on tin (II) chloride was used as a dual catalyst and environmentally benign reaction medium for an efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives, from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and urea in good-to-excellent yields and short reaction time. This simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent, easily synthesized from choline chloride and tin chloride, is relatively inexpensive and recyclable, making it applicable for industrial applications.

Trivalent chromium electrodeposition using a deep eutectic solvent

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Protsenko ◽  
Lina Bobrova ◽  
Felix Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Trivalent Chromium ◽  
Electrolytic Deposition ◽  
Active Dissolution ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chromium Plating ◽  
New Generation

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the electrolytic deposition of corrosion-resistant chromium coatings from a trivalent chromium plating bath based on deep eutectic solvent, a new generation of room temperature ionic liquids. Design/methodology/approach The electrolyte contained chromium (III) chloride, choline chloride and the additive of extra water. The surface morphology was estimated by means of SEM technique. The microstructure of as-deposited and annealed coatings was studied using X-ray diffraction method. The kinetics of the chromium electrodeposition and the corrosion electrochemical behavior of the coatings were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. Findings Chromium coatings with an amorphous type of microstructure are electroplated from this bath. Some carbon and oxygen are included in deposits obtained. The step-wise mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of Cr(III) ions to Cr(0) is detected. The current efficiency in this system sufficiently exceeds that typical of usual aqueous electrolytes. The coatings fabricated using plating bath based on deep eutectic solvent showed enhanced corrosion resistance in an acidic medium: there is no current peak of active dissolution in polarization curve and the corrosion potential shifts to more positive values as compared with “usual” chromium. Originality/value The electrodeposition of chromium coatings from an environmentally acceptable trivalent chromium electrolyte, a deep eutectic solvent containing chloride choline and extra water additive has been investigated for the first time.

Ionic liquid promoted and mediated green preparation of arylbispyranylmethane and pyran derivatives and their hybrid with a pyrimidine nucleoside

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinying Zhang ◽  
Yingying Qu ◽  
Xuesen Fan ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Jianji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Pyrimidine Nucleoside ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Benign Nature ◽  
High Yields

The utilisation of an ionic liquid-[bmim][BF4] as both reaction medium and promoter for the reaction between aldehyde and 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one is described. Without any added catalyst, this reaction was realised efficiently to give arylbispyranylmethane derivatives in high yields. Alternatively, when this reaction was carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride, fused pyran derivatives were obtained. These two novel procedures have advantages such as an environmentally benign nature, high efficiency, simple operation process and mild reaction conditions. As an application, these procedures were used in the preparation of novel 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives with potential antiviral activities.

A novel approach for dyeing of polyester using non-aqueous deep eutectic solvent as a dyeing medium

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant S. Pawar ◽  
Ravindra Adivarekar
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dyeing Performance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Dyed Fabrics ◽  
Dyeing Parameters

Purpose Textile industry is considered to be one of the largest consumers of water. There needs to be an alternative for water in textile wet processing. Solvent dyeing can be an approach to replace the use of water in dyeing for water conservation. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the dyeing of polyester was carried out using conventional and solvent dyeing methods. The solvent used was non-aqueous, deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared using choline chloride and urea. Dyeing parameters such as time, temperature and pH were optimized for a concentration of dye using the solvent and were compared with the conventional dyeing. Findings The prepared solvent was characterized in terms of Fourier-transform infrared resonance and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to analyze the reaction between choline chloride and urea. Dyeing performance in terms of K/S and fastness properties of dyed fabrics were evaluated and found to be at par against conventional dyeing. Originality/value Use of DES as a dyeing medium is a novel approach in the textile industry.

Synthesis and grafting of carboxymethyl cellulose from environmental pollutant cellulosic wastes of textile industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal ◽  
Firoz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellulosic Waste ◽  
Methacrylate Monomer ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate Monomer

Purpose This study aims to explore the use of knitted rag by synthesizing different grades of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by applying multiple-step carboxymethylation techniques. Design/methodology/approach CMC was synthesized from knitted rag, a cellulosic waste of textile and garment industries, in aqueous ethanolic sodium hydroxide and subsequently mono-chloroacetic acid reaction medium. Low-substituted to high-substituted products were obtained from single-step to seven-step carboxymethylation of cellulose. In this way, it was possible to produce low-cost and different grades of substituted carboxymethylated cellulose. The synthesized CMC was characterized, and their physical properties were investigated. The structure of CMC and grafted CMC were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Findings Solubility, CMC content, degree of substitution and molecular weight of CMC were increased gradually with the increase in the number of reaction steps, although fourth step attained the optimum. The cellulosic waste of knitted rag can easily be used to produce value-added products such as CMC and other cellulose derivatives, and that will ultimately reduce the pollution problems from this waste. Originality/value Grafting of prepared CMC film with methyl methacrylate monomer increased their strength, although decreased rigidity and moisture content because the incorporation of hydrophobic methyl methacrylate monomer was observed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Cassava (Manihot utilissima pohl) Peels through Dehydration Reaction using Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Choline Chloride/Citric Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119
Author(s):  
R. Manurung ◽  
H. Silalahi ◽  
O. Winda ◽  
A.G. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Dehydration Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cassava Peel

The high cellulose content in cassava peel has an opportunity to produce bio-based chemical products in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) form. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions of glucose dehydration reaction as a result of hydrolysis of the best cassava peel cellulose. The variables observed in this study were H2SO4 catalyst concentrations in the hydrolysis reaction, temperature and amount of deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride/citric acid. The optimum dehydration reaction conditions in this study was the glucose:deep eutectic solvents mass ratio of 1:6 at the reaction temperature of 80 ºC. The highest yield of 64.50% at an initial glucose concentration of 5.70% using a 1.5% H2SO4 catalyst during the hydrolysis of cassava peel cellulose. The results obtained in this study indicated that addition of choline chloride/citric acid as deep eutectic solvent can increase the yield of 5-HMF.

scholarly journals Palladium Catalyzed α,β-Homodiarylation of Vinyl Esters in Aqueous Medium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Ostaszewski ◽  
Damian Trzepizur ◽  
Anna Brodzka ◽  
Dominik Koszelewski ◽  
Monika Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Vinyl Esters ◽  
Arylboronic Acid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
One Step

Abstract A palladium catalyzed 1,2-diarylation of vinyl esters with sustainable arylbornic acids in water has been developed. This newly elaborated protocol features good functional group tolerance and provides a one-step access to 1,2-diaryletahol derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The presented reaction can be carried out in water smoothly without the addition of any ligands at ambient temperature what makes this procedure environmentally benign. The transformation occurs within a single catalytic cycle and is feasible due to the modification of transition metal catalytic activity through the influence of π-acceptor olefin (benzoquinone) as well as the polar protic reaction medium (water in particular). Moreover, the protocol allows to generate entire compounds libraries (highly profitable in medicinal chemistry) and utilizes sustainable arylboronic acid as coupling partners under mild conditions.

Efficient synthesis of a novel series of indeno-fused pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines using a deep eutectic solvent system comprised of choline chloride/urea

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hakimi Roknabadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Mosslemin ◽  
Razieh Mohebat
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
High Yields

A series of 13 aryl indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine-2,4,6-(3 H,5 H,11 H)-triones, eight of which are new, were synthesised regioselectively in high yields by a three-component reaction of 1,3-indanedione, an araldehyde and 6-aminopyrimidin-2,4(1 H,3 H)-dione in the presence of a deep eutectic solvent comprised of choline chloride/urea (1:2) as the catalyst. The reaction conditions were mild and did not require additional catalysts. Given the inexpensive, nontoxic and recyclable nature of the deep eutectic solvent, these reaction conditions are simple to carry out and environmentally friendly.

Ionic Liquid Promoted Knoevenagel and Michael Reactions

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesen Fan ◽  
Xueyuan Hu ◽  
Xinying Zhang ◽  
Jianji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Atom Economy ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Michael Reactions ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Benign Nature ◽  
High Yields

The utilization of the ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] as both reaction medium and promoter for the Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition reactions is described in this paper. Through these reactions, several useful electrophilic alkenes and chromene derivatives are obtained in high yields. The advantages of these two novel procedures include their environmentally benign nature, atom economy, simple operation process, and mild reaction conditions.

Choline Chloride/Glycerol Promoted Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Indol-2-ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xu ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Shui Cui ◽  
Zhan-Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Objective: 3,3-Disubstituted indol-2-one derivatives have wider applications in pharmaceuticals and they are key intermediates for the synthesis of many kinds of drug candidates. The development of an efficient and practical method to prepare this class of compound is highly desirable from both environmental and economical points of views. Methods: In order to establish an effective synthetic method for preparing 3,3-disubstituted indol-2-one derivatives, the bis-condensation reaction of isatin and 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione was selected as a model reaction. A variety of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) were prepared and used for this reaction. The generality and limitation of the established method were also investigated. Results: It was found that model reaction can be carried out in natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) at 80 oC under microwave irradiation. This protocol with a broad substrate applicability afforded various 2,2'-(2-oxoindoline-3,3-diyl)bis(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) derivatives in high yields. Conclusion: simple and efficient procedure has been developed for synthesis of 2,2'-(2-oxoindoline-3,3-diyl)bis(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione), spiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrano[5,6-c:5,6-c']dichromene]-2,6',8'-trione, and spiro[indoline-3,9'-xan-thene] trione via bis-condensation between isatin with 1,3-indandione, 4-hydroxycoumarin or 1,3-cyclohexanedione in nat-ural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gl) under microwave irradiation. The salient features of this protocol are avoidance of any additive/catalyst and toxic organic solvent, clean reaction profiles, non-chromatographic purification procedure, and high to excellent yield. Furthermore, the use of NADES as green reaction medium reduces burden on environment and makes the present method environmentally sustainable.

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