Fused deposition modelling interfacial and interlayer bonding in PLA post-processed parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Valerga Puerta ◽  
S.R. Fernandez-Vidal ◽  
Moises Batista ◽  
F. Girot
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Partial Crystallization ◽  
Interlayer Bonding

Purpose This paper aims to study the interfacial and interlayer bonding of Polylactic acid parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling. Different layer thicknesses are analysed in the manufacture of these pieces and the lack of material associated with this parameter is verified. The influence of the immersion of these parts in different solvents is also studied, as they are increasingly used in the improvement of the surface finish. Tomography results are also obtained in which the increase in density of the parts subjected to these treatments is demonstrated. Design/methodology/approach The material used in this study is a 1.75-mm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) filament from fused filament fusion world. Monolayer and multilayer samples have been manufactured. The manufactured parts were subjected to solvent immersion for a period of 60 s. The solvents used are chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) and ethyl acetate (C4H8O2). The pieces were then dried for 48 h. The interior of the samples was evaluated by two techniques: microscopy and tomography. Findings With this study, it has been observed that the thickness of the layer affects the porosity interfacial to a greater extent than in the interlayer, causing the increase in porosity as this thickness is increased.The impact of different chemical treatments (immersions in different solvents) on the internal quality of the parts has been evaluated. All the solvents analysed soften the surface as they cause the softening of the material and its possible redistribution. In the interior, however, they affect in a lighter way. The retention of solvents in the porosity of the pieces is also checked, especially pronounced in the areas close to the surface. Finally, changes are observed in the density of the pieces, related to the partial crystallization of the samples. Originality/value All that has been studied shows that the application of chemical post-processes not only affects the surface texture of the parts, or the less studied mechanical properties, but also affects the interfacial union of the parts in a very different way. This is the first study carried out on this aspect with polylactic acid (PLA) and post-processing methods.

Fused deposition modelling based rapid patterns for investment casting applications: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Investment Casting ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Machine Parts

Purpose – This paper aims to review the industrial and biomedical applications of state-of-the-art fused deposition modelling (FDM)-assisted investment casting (FDMAIC). Brief literature survey of methodologies, ideas, techniques and approaches used by various researchers is highlighted and use of hybrid feedstock filament-based pattern to produce metal matrix composite is duly discussed. Design/methodology/approach – Pattern replica required for investment casting (IC) of biomedical implant, machine parts, dentistry and other industrial components can be directly produced by using FDM process is presented. Relevant studies and examples explaining the suitability of FDMAIC for various applications are also presented. Findings – Researches to optimize the conventional IC with FDM solutions and develop new hybrid feedstock filament of FDM done by researchers worldwide are also discussed. The review highlights the benefit of FDMAIC to surgeons, engineers and manufacturing organizations. Research limitations/implications – The research related to this survey is limited to the suitability and applicability of FDMAIC. Originality/value – This review presents the information regarding potential IC application, which facilitates the society, engineers and manufacturing organizations by providing variety of components for assisting FDM. The information reported in this paper will serve doctors, researchers, organizations and academicians to explore the new options in the field of FDMAIC.

On improving the surface finish of 3D printing polylactic acid parts by corundum blasting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pilar Valerga Puerta ◽  
J.D. Lopez-Castro ◽  
Adrián Ojeda López ◽  
Severo Raúl Fernández Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Purpose Fused filament fabrication or fused deposition modeling (FFF/FDM) has as one of its main restrictions the surface quality intrinsic to the process, especially linked to the layer thickness used during manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility of improving the surface quality of polylactic acid (PLA) parts manufactured by FFF using the shot blasting technique. Design/methodology/approach The influence of corundum blasting on 0.2 mm layer thickness FDM PLA parts treated with two sizes of abrasive, different exposure times and different incidence pressures. Findings As a result, improvements of almost 80% were obtained in the surface roughness of the pieces with high exposure times, and more than 50% in just 20 s. Originality/value This technique is cheap, versatile and adaptable to different part sizes and geometries. Furthermore, it is a fast and environmentally friendly technique compared to conventional machining or vapor smoothing. Despite this, no previous studies have been carried out to improve the quality of this technology.

Optimal assembling of 3D printed features by modulation of interfacial behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Justin Favero ◽  
Sofiane Belhabib ◽  
Sofiane Guessasma ◽  
Hedi Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Interfacial Phenomena ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Interfacial Behaviour ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Purpose Assembling items to achieve bigger parts seems to be the solution to counterbalance the dimension limits of 3D printing. This work aims to propose an approach to achieve optimal assembling. Design/methodology/approach Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer samples were printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM). These samples were assembled and the precise contribution of interfacial shearing and tension was measured using simple tensile experiments. Findings The results achieved show the correlation between the printing orientation and the assembling angle. It could be proved that rupture by an interfacial decohesion mechanism of glued parts can be avoided by simple adaptation of the assembling junction. Practical implications Design of large parts using FDM is no more a limitation if assembling configurations are adapted based on the knowledge gained about the interfacial phenomena occurring at the junction position. Originality/value The unbalanced contribution of shearing and tension at the interface defines new assembling profiles that exclude flat junctions.

Influence of different chemical treatments on the properties of PC fabric used as lining

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-735
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tajul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqur Rashid ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam Rana
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Concentration Levels

Purpose The properties of polyester/cotton (PC) fabric after chemical treatments as lining in woolen suits has been investigated, as the purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different finishing agents and their concentration on the properties of PC fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Three different chemical finishes such as anti-slip finish, softener and moisture management finish were applied to currently popular 80/20 PC pocketing fabric at three different concentration levels. A total of 60 seams were produced from 2/1 twill woolen shell fabric and chemically treated lining. Six important tests defining comfort and seam’s quality of lining fabric were chosen, namely, seam strength, seam slippage, stiffness, drape, water vapor transmission (WVT), abrasion resistance to study its properties and testing were done as per standardized test methods. Findings Chemical treatments affect the properties of PC fabric used as lining significantly in terms of seam strength, seam slippage, WVT and abrasion resistance. Among the three applied chemical finishes softener, at 20, 40 and 60 g/l, was found to be the best choice to make PC fabric suitable in terms of seam performance, durability, drape and comfort for use lining in suits with economic advantage. Originality/value The paper contributes to understanding the properties of relatively cheap 80/20 PC pocketing fabric used as lining in a suit.

Analysis of the influence of polylactic acid (PLA) colour on FDM 3D printing temperature and part finishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Breda Soares ◽  
João Finamor ◽  
Fabio Pinto Silva ◽  
Liane Roldo ◽  
Luis Henrique Cândido
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the effect of different polylactic acid (PLA) colours used on fused deposition modelling (FDM), considering the product finishing quality produced with the same process conditions. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted was to design a virtual modelling object and three-dimensional (3D) print it with FDM with different PLA colours (natural, green and black), using the same parameters. 3D scanning and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the model finishing of each sample. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the material and verify if the colour affected its thermal behaviour. Findings Findings showed that different PLA colours lead to distinct 3D printed finishings under the same process conditions. Thermal analysis showed a reason for the printing finishing difference. The degradation temperatures and the glass temperatures vary depending on the PLA colour. This affects the FDM working temperature. Originality/value This study will contribute to improving the finishing quality of 3D printed products by collaborating to the determination of its process conditions.

scholarly journals Rapid prototyping model for the manufacturing by thermoforming of occlusal splints

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jiménez ◽  
L. Romero ◽  
M. Domínguez ◽  
M.M. Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Occlusal Splints ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Cost

Purpose – This paper aims to present an optimal prototyping technology for the manufacture of occlusal splints. Design/methodology/approach – To carry out this study, a comparative technique was used to analyze models obtained by different prototyping techniques. Subsequently, further tests were carried out with respect to the manufacturing of splints by means of thermoforming in a vacuum. This involved an analysis of the most important variables such as prototype material, geometric accuracy, surface finish and costs. Findings – It was found that there is a group of prototyping technologies that are suitable for the manufacture of the models used in the thermoforming of correction splints, the most appropriate technologies being based on ink jet printing (IJP-Objet), ultraviolet photo polymerization and fused deposition modelling due to the fact that they offer an optimal relationship between the cost and the quality of the model required for thermoforming. Practical implications – The application of rapid prototyping techniques in medicine makes the production of physical models from three-dimensional medical image processing and their subsequent use in different specialties possible. It also makes preoperative planning processes, the production of prostheses and the preparation of surgical templates possible, thereby offering a higher quality of diagnosis, safer surgery and cost and time savings compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. Originality/value – This paper suggests that there exists a group of prototyping technologies for the manufacture of splints that offer advantages over existing technologies. The results also suggest that, in many cases, the most expensive technology is not the most appropriate: there are other options that provide an optimal model in terms of the cost and the quality needed for thermoforming.

Plate auto-level system for fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printers

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Soriano Heras ◽  
Fernando Blaya Haro ◽  
José María de Agustín del Burgo ◽  
Manuel Enrique Islán Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ultrasound Sensing ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a solution for the levelling plate of fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) systems. This automatic levelling system is presented as an evolution of actual systems, which uses a new ultrasound sensing system. Design/methodology/approach After obtaining a prototype, different tests were conducted for getting a system which solves the level plate problem and can be mounted in any FDM AM machine. Several benchmark models were obtained and compared with current equipment concepts for the validity of the product. Findings All tests were performed with high accuracy, enabling the production of geometries that could not have been achieved without this novel system. Practical implications This development will enable experienced users to set aside the problems of calibration and focus on the purpose of this type of machines, making prototypes. Originality/value A system architecture has been developed and integrated into an open hardware AM system, allowing real-time adjustment of the plate during each layer, thus eliminating the need of levelling the plate, allowing to achieve easier printing, and without increasing the cost significantly.

Fused deposition modelling: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Vyavahare ◽  
Soham Teraiya ◽  
Deepak Panghal ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Future Work

Purpose Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe a detailed review of this technique. Total 211 research papers published during the past 26 years, that is, from the year 1994 to 2019 are critically reviewed. Based on the literature review, research gaps are identified and the scope for future work is discussed. Design/methodology/approach Literature review in the domain of FDM is categorized into five sections – (i) process parameter optimization, (ii) environmental factors affecting the quality of printed parts, (iii) post-production finishing techniques to improve quality of parts, (iv) numerical simulation of process and (iv) recent advances in FDM. Summary of major research work in FDM is presented in tabular form. Findings Based on literature review, research gaps are identified and scope of future work in FDM along with roadmap is discussed. Research limitations/implications In the present paper, literature related to chemical, electric and magnetic properties of FDM parts made up of various filament feedstock materials is not reviewed. Originality/value This is a comprehensive literature review in the domain of FDM focused on identifying the direction for future work to enhance the acceptability of FDM printed parts in industries.

Qualitative generalising in accounting research: concepts and strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee D. Parker ◽  
Deryl Northcott
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Information Systems Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Quality Of Research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and articulate concepts and approaches to qualitative generalisation that will offer qualitative accounting researchers avenues for enhancing and justifying the general applicability of their research findings and conclusions. Design/methodology/approach – The study and arguments draw from multidisciplinary approaches to this issue. The analysis and theorising is based on published qualitative research literatures from the fields of education, health sciences, sociology, information systems, management and marketing, as well as accounting. Findings – The paper develops two overarching generalisation concepts for application by qualitative accounting researchers. These are built upon a number of qualitative generalisation concepts that have emerged in the multidisciplinary literatures. It also articulates strategies for enhancing the generalisability of qualitative accounting research findings. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides qualitative accounting researchers with understandings, arguments and justifications for the generalisability of their research and the related potential for wider accounting and societal contributions. It also articulates the key factors that impact on the quality of research generalisation that qualitative researchers can offer. Originality/value – This paper presents the most comprehensively sourced and developed approach to the concepts, strategies and unique deliverables of qualitative generalising hitherto available in the accounting research literature.

scholarly journals Who guarantees the quality of the quality assurance agencies? The exploration of the establishment and growth of the Asia-Pacific Quality Register (APQR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Jagannath Patil
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Register

Purpose After the “quantity era,” today higher education has entered into the “quality era” and as “the gate keepers of quality,” quality assurance agencies (QAAs) are playing more and more irreplaceable important roles and their social status are becoming more and more prominent. However, how to guarantee the quality of the QAAs? Who can review the QAAs? The purpose of this paper is based exploration of these questions. Design/methodology/approach Following the founding of the European Quality Assurance Register (EQAR) for Higher Education, the Asia Pacific Quality Register (APQR) became the second in the international quality assurance (QA) networks to implement QA register, in 2015 with initiative of Asia-Pacific Quality Network. Findings This paper first retrospects the history and process of APQR, and subsequently the implementation of APQR is described in detail from the two aspects of the criteria and the procedure, and at the end, the paper concludes with a summary of the three characteristics of this first formal implement of APQR: APQR is an international register open to all the QAAs; APQR emphasizes characteristics evaluation of diversity; and APQR highlights the combination of quantitative assessment and qualitative assessment. Originality/value Today on the international stage of QA, APQR has emerged as “the watchman of quality” in the Asia-Pacific region as counterpart of EQAR in Europe. How far away does such newly emerging form of guaranteeing the QAAs’ quality go forward, what is its future prospects and other concerning issues, are some of the question that need enthusiastic attention and contribution.

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