Reflecting on the Theory of Transactional Distance in Addressing Barriers to Student Engagement in Open Distance Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ramashego Shila Shorty Mphahlele ◽  
Matlala Violet Makokotlela
Author(s):  
Evrim Genc Kumtepe ◽  
Nazife Sen Ersoy

Education is a product of the objects and actors in the process of interaction. Interaction is, therefore, an important factor that affects the quality and sustainability of education. For this reason, this section will focus on interaction and its theories and approaches which are a popular and versatile concept in distance education. In the first part of the chapter, the concept of interaction will be discussed with different dimensions and components. Interaction in the following section will be examined within the framework of Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance, Anderson's Interaction Equivalency Theorem, and Gorsky and Caspi's Theory of Instructional Dialogue. At the end of the chapter, the nature of the interaction in distance learning will be discussed in the context of the studies on instructional dialogue and the cross-cultural comparisons will be addressed to the issue of the role of interaction in distance settings.


Author(s):  
Ashwini K. Datt

Online asynchronous discussions (OADs) are a prospective tool for creating learning networks that can minimize transactional distance and humanize distance learning. Using it to support effective communication and interaction among learners in video-based distance courses requires special skills and consideration. This research evaluates the use of OADs in a second and third year sociology undergraduate video-broadcast course (VBC). Patterns of participation and interaction were examined using the network and content analysis tools to determine the effectiveness of OADs as a pedagogical strategy. The role of the teacher in establishing a learning network between on-campus and distance students was also investigated.


Author(s):  
Samantha Cecile Smith-Snook ◽  
Bonnie A. Plummer

The research described in this chapter aimed to find the correlation between participation in virtual extracurricular activities (ECAs) and student engagement during distance learning at a secondary school located in Northern California. Data was gathered on current student engagement through grades, attendance, teacher perception, and student and legal guardian opinion during the first two quarters of the 2020-2021 school year. Furthermore, data was gathered on student, teacher, and legal guardian opinions on the correlation between participation in virtual ECAs and student engagement during distance learning. The data revealed that there is a significant loss of student engagement during distance learning and that students are not participating in virtual ECA's due to a lack of interest. This data can be corroborated by the number of Ds and Fs students are obtaining which indicates a significant loss in student academic success. Looking forward to increase student engagement, the school must focus on creating virtual ECAs that pertain to student interest.


Author(s):  
Yeonjeong Park

Instructional designers and educators recognize the potential of mobile technologies as a learning tool for students and have incorporated them into the distance learning environment. However, little research has been done to categorize the numerous examples of mobile learning in the context of distance education, and few instructional design guidelines based on a solid theoretical framework for mobile learning exist. In this paper I compare mobile learning (m-learning) with electronic learning (e-learning) and ubiquitous learning (u-learning) and describe the technological attributes and pedagogical affordances of mobile learning presented in previous studies. I modify transactional distance (TD) theory and adopt it as a relevant theoretical framework for mobile learning in distance education. Furthermore, I attempt to position previous studies into four types of mobile learning: 1) high transactional distance socialized m-learning, 2) high transactional distance individualized m-learning, 3) low transactional distance socialized m-learning, and 4) low transactional distance individualized m-learning. As a result, this paper can be used by instructional designers of open and distance learning to learn about the concepts of mobile learning and how mobile technologies can be incorporated into their teaching and learning more effectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Αthanasios Kanellopoulos ◽  
Maria Koutsouba ◽  
Yiannis Giossos

AbstractThe development of technology and the widespread application of digital tools, such as teleconference (or videoconference), has led researchers to reflect on traditional theories and models of learning concerning Distance Education, as well as the formulation of new ones. The aim of this study is to propose the introduction of the concept tele-mathesis in Distance Learning, in order to describe the learning process by videoconferencing in Distance Education, which has features of an “embodied” and “integrated” way of learning. This is a theoretical study based on Illeris’ Theory of “Integrated” Learning that has been adopted in Distance Learning, using elements of the Theory of Tele-proximity concerning learning by videoconferencing in Distance Education. According to the developed argumentation the importance of the senses, emotions and “techniques of the body” is revealed in both the educational and learning process by videoconferencing, in order to reduce the transactional distance between the teacher and the learner, as well as, to lead to a positive distance educational experience. Thus, the cognitive, emotional and social factors involved in “tele-mathesis”, turn videoconferencing into an “embodied” and “integrated” way of learning. At the same time, it is showed that the empowerment of “tele-mathesis” requires appropriate planning and specific management methods. It is therefore proposed to introduce the term telemathesis in Distance Education so as to fully attribute this specific learning process of Distance Education.


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