Combination of CPTED and space syntax for the analysis of crime

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Matijosaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to combine both Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and space syntax for the more detailed and overall analysis of built environment in terms of crime. The author is aiming to verify the designed research methodology by its application in cities that are similar in terms of size and population, and are very different in culture and location: New Haven (USA) and Kaunas (Lithuania). Design/methodology/approach – Based on CPTED strategies the factors of urban environment are analyzed, such as topological depth from private space to a public space, density of entrances and windows, street’s constitutedness, inter-visibility, land use, blind walls, segment’s accessibility, greenery, lighting, objects of small architecture, graffiti. Space syntax method is applied for the analysis of the following topological properties of urban spaces: integration, choice, depth, connectivity. Findings – The combination of both methods revels that choice and depth of urban spaces are related to robberies, and connectivity and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in New Haven. Integration and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in Kaunas. According to the correlation analysis results, in Kaunas more robberies happen in common use areas, and more thefts from cars happen in the spaces with blind walls and dense abandoned greenery. In New Haven more thefts from motor vehicles happen in spaces with blind walls. In both cities with the increase of the topological depth the thefts from motor vehicles increase too. Originality/value – Based on the research results recommendations on urban planning and design are developed. The implementation of the recommendations might make New Haven and Kaunas safer.

scholarly journals Crime in Lithuanian Cities in Relation to Urban Planning and Design Aspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Matijošaitienė ◽  
Monika Gedvilaite
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Abstract Crime is a social phenomenon, which is closely related to human behaviour, economics, urban planning and design. The detailed research of six blocks of houses in three Lithuanian cities (Kaunas, Vilnius and Panevezys) with the highest crime rates and the most heterogeneous crimes was performed. Space syntax method, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and correlation analysis were applied. Research results demonstrate that thefts from cars, other thefts, crime against human health, robberies, small-scale hooliganism and intentional damage or destruction of property correlate with particular properties of urban spaces and design elements.

Crime prevention aspects of public space renewal in Budapest

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Benkő ◽  
Tibor Germán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Historic City

Purpose Security is one of the most important challenges for contemporary integrated urban developments. In Hungary, every strategic document highlights this goal, seeking social and smart city solutions to the problem. Yet, what about crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)? The purpose of the paper is to introduce a Central-European perspective into the international discussion of the topic. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on European Union-funded renewal of public space in the historic city centre of Budapest, the research investigates how urban security can be facilitated through urban planning and design. The analysis of two projects based on design documents and interviews with actors highlights the importance of CPTED, although it is not recognised officially either in the development or in the management phase. Findings March 15th Square is an attractive contemporary public space in the tourist-historic city centre. The project was centrally planned, executed with typical EU indicators, but without any special requirements for security. The process resulted in a safescape. By contrast, the main principal for the renewal of Teleki László Square, the first Hungarian example of community-based planning, was to instil a feeling of security. The public square became a fenced defensible space. Practical implications The analysis method can be used for other projects evaluating changes in urban security due to public space renewal: history, requirements for security, design solutions for space division, materials and urban furniture, as well as use of space and management after the regeneration. Originality/value The paper uncovers Hungarian cases where environmental crime prevention criteria are not explicitly but implicitly present in contemporary urban planning and design. In relation to urban security, it highlights the gap that exists among disciplines, indicative of a lack of dialogue among policymakers, researchers, designers and management.

Tracing objects of a lost room in suburbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-625
Author(s):  
Gul Kacmaz Erk ◽  
Tevfik Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeBringing product design and architectural design together, this article looks into the extraordinary use of everyday objects in urban and suburban spaces in The Lost Room mini-television series (2006). The study questions the accepted meanings of products and spaces in relation to their physicality, perception and use. Through multi-layered analysis of the relationship between objects, (architectural and suburban/urban) spaces and their users, the article opens up a discussion about the purpose, meaning and influence of designed products and places.Design/methodology/approachIn this context, this qualitative research makes use of moving images (as representations of products and spaces) to propose a critique of contemporary design via (sub-)urban design practices.FindingsUsing irony and metaphor to question the habit of object possession, accumulation and fetishism, the series challenges blind loyalty to contemporary beliefs. The Lost Room is not concerned with new forms or new designs. Instead, it forces the audience to consider the meaning of both objects and spaces in relation to one another. By transforming our understanding of space, the series also reveals humans' spatial limitations. The Lost Room is a unique small screen “product” in which people's relationship to the designed world is interrogated by having mass-produced objects and the built environment constantly in the foreground.Originality/valueFilm analysis from a design perspective is not new; however, this is the first time The Lost Room is brought to the attention of architects and designers via scholarly work. Film theorists and cinemagoers may also benefit from the unique design perspective outlined in the article.

scholarly journals The role of urban planning and design in responding to climate change: the Brisbane experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kozlowski ◽  
Yusnani Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the responses from the urban planning and design professions in Brisbane to the impacts of climate change and the implications of the 2011 flood. In the past decade, the ramifications of climate change have already left a scar on some of the urban regions round the world. The Australian continent has been regarded as one of the most affected regions in terms of climate change implications. The 2011 Queensland floods of historic proportion, which came after a decade of extreme drought, raised many questions about the future development of cities. For the past decades, Queensland’s economy was largely based on property-led development. The flood plain land situated along Brisbane River has been developed and overburdened with building infrastructure contributing to the magnification of the flood events. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology is based on identification of the problem and the major objective. To address the objective, this study concentrated mainly on the use of qualitative research methods. The major qualitative research methods include literature review, qualitative analysis and observations. Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland, has been selected as the case study area. Findings – The paper revealed strong regional and city-wide planning directives addressing climate change which has not yet been fully been translated at the local-neighbourhood level. Originality/value – This paper provides a deep insight analysis and evaluation of the design and planning measures currently used to combat the impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals A place to call our own: perspectives on the geographical and social marginalisation of homeless people

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Caroline Hughes ◽  
Iolo Madoc-Jones ◽  
Odette Parry ◽  
Sarah Dubberley
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Notwithstanding heightened awareness of the issues faced by homeless people, the notion that homelessness is the result of individual failings and weaknesses persists. The purpose of this paper is to challenge that perception by giving voice to this marginalised group and exploring the mechanisms through which they made and remade as homeless and may be protected. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews (n=23) were carried out with a sample of homeless people who had accessed a range of homelessness services in the study area. Findings It is argued that largely deprived of the private sphere, which arguably renders them in most need of public space, homeless people find themselves most subject to scrutiny, surveillance, social disapprobation and exclusion. Research limitations/implications The authors reiterate that rather than simply being associated with rooflessness, homelessness is as a function of ongoing geographical marginalisation and social alienation. Practical implications The authors suggest that dedicated spaces for homeless people to occupy during the day continue to be in need of development because, whilst not unproblematic, they can disrupt processes associated with homelessness. Social implications Further resources should be directed towards homelessness and the issues that arise during daytime for homeless people. Originality/value The paper supports the literature which highlights the spatial practices by which stigmatised groups come to be separated from mainstream society.

Indicators to measure the performance of sustainable urban entrepreneurship: an empirical case study applied to Portuguese cities and towns

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Franco ◽  
Margarida Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeUrban sustainability is an inseparable dimension of today's cities; thus, the role played by creativity, and consequently sustainable urban entrepreneurship and the networks it raises, gives rise to the pro-activity of these two constructs toward a tripartition (economic, social and environmental). This study aims to measure sustainable urban entrepreneurship through a composite of existing indicators in the literature of cities.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors followed a quantitative research by applying exploratory factor analysis. The sample contains 308 towns and cities in Portugal, and the data were collected using secondary databases (e.g. INE; PORDATA).FindingsThrough quantitative research, this study identified the key indicators that mediate sustainable urban entrepreneurship in cities, as a methodological tool for them to evaluate their sustainable entrepreneurial capacity.Practical implicationsThe results obtained here provide information to show that sustainable urban entrepreneurship is an essential construct for cities, allowing a solution to many of their urban problems by its association with creative economy and its influence on the revitalization of urban spaces by urban regeneration, and by the importance of networks in these, the latter being another fundamental construct.Originality/valueThis research makes important contributions to studies considering the sustainability construct in urban entrepreneurship area. It will help to fill part of the gap in existing studies involving the cities’ aspects in entrepreneurship field. Consequently, the main contribution of this study lies in identifying the indicators that contribute to cities' tripartite sustainable balance by assuming sustainable urban entrepreneurship as a crucial premise.

scholarly journals Pioneering urban practices in transition spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pittaluga
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The One

AbstractThe article suggests a set of design requirements to orient urban practices of transformation and space management when they work on transition spaces, which are difficult to interpret and classify in accordance with traditional dichotomous categories such as centre/periphery, urban/not urban, open/closed, abandoned/lived, public/private. The first part of the article explains how various disciplines describe and characterise this kind of space, which cannot be described precisely through traditional categories. Literature search indicates how transition spaces have a number of attributes that can be translated into requirements to steer design actions. The examples of urban practices, described in the central paragraphs of the article, quickly show how project actions actualize the requirements that can be inferred both from literature and from the examples themselves. The conclusions summarise the design requirements to transform and manage transition spaces, in order to orient “pioneering urban practices”, thus opening the way to different modes of intervention and offering new insights into the role of designers and users in this particular kind of practice. Promising prospects emerge not only for the design methodology of this type of spaces, but also for the possibility of addressing relevant issues in the current disciplinary debate concerning, on the one hand, the liveability and care of urban spaces and therefore the regeneration of public space, at a time in history when its existence is questioned, on the other hand the effectiveness of the involvement and empowerment of local societies in the processes of space transformation.

scholarly journals Managing public space – A blind spot of urban planning and design

Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 103032
Author(s):  
Eva Duivenvoorden ◽  
Thomas Hartmann ◽  
Marlies Brinkhuijsen ◽  
Ton Hesselmans
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Study of the perceived functions and the quality of physical boundaries of public spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Saisanath G. ◽  
Subbaiyan Gnanasambandam
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Subjective Measurements

Purpose As an underlying entity in the discourses of privatisation of space, urban security and fear, boundary walls are considered as an impediment to the publicness of public spaces. But, the inevitability and potential of their physical attributes and functions is indicative of the lack of systemic knowledge on how to approach boundary walls, so that they contribute positively to the quality of urban spaces. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Since boundary walls are constitutive of physical attributes that are embedded with multiple functions, the contribution of physical boundaries is premised on the interaction between objective and subjective measurements, explored in positive and ambiguous space types. In this study, the quality of physical boundaries is measured by an index and the perceived functions of the physical attributes of boundary walls are measured by a questionnaire survey. Findings This study found that positive and ambiguous space types not only affect the quality of physical boundaries but also the perceived functions of the physical attributes of boundary walls. Further, social and visual functions of boundary walls play a significant role in contributing positively to the quality of urban spaces. Originality/value By exploring the relation between quality of physical boundaries and their perceived functions, this study extends the meta-understanding of the role of boundary walls.

Savanna hypothesis in the human–urban nature relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Marie Hartsell
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life

Purpose This paper expounds theoretical reasons behind and practical applications of urban natural space as part of the ontological whole of the city. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, nonsecular and secular relationships between humans and nature are explored from an ontological perspective. Findings The characteristics of the savanna hypothesis are shown to be tectonic elements that have been used historically in human-defined landscapes and can be implemented in urban planning and design to enhance urban green spaces and improve the overall quality of urban life. Social implications The human–nature relationship has morphed and adapted as civilizations and their belief systems have grown and fallen aside. The human–nature relationship has affected the form of cities while human development and technological advancements have affected nature’s representation in the urban realm. Throughout the periods of nonsecular affection for nature and secular applications of nature, one theme has persisted: human innate preference for certain arrangements of certain natural elements. Though existing long before the first human settlements were formed, the savanna hypothesis was not coined until the 20th century. Originality/value Ultimately, the savanna hypothesis is exhibited as a joining concept that connects nonsecular affection for nature to secular qualities of urban nature and natural infrastructure.

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