Low cost drilled billet production method for Cu-Nb composite wire

AbstractCIGS (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) thin-film solar modules on glass substrates are currently on the verge of commercialization. Entirely new application areas could be accessed with CIGS modules fabricated on thin and flexible non-glass substrates. Additionally, the roll-to-roll manufacturing of such flexible CIGS modules promises to be a low-cost production method. Different external Na supply methods and a vacuum-deposited buffer were investigated in this contribution, a sample of the challenges we face when modifying the standard, industrial CIGS module production process to the particular requirements of flexible substrates. Both metal foil substrates and polymer films are considered. Our excellent best results of above 14 % for single cells on titanium, more than 11% on polyimide, and around 7 % for modules on both substrates indicate our progress in developing flexible CIGS.

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A Low-Cost Production Method of FeSi2 Power Generation Thermoelectric Modules

Journal of Electronic Materials ◽

10.1007/s11664-015-4208-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 1767-1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Inoue ◽

Takahide Kobayashi ◽

Masahiko Kato ◽

Seiji Yoneda

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Method ◽

Thermoelectric Modules

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Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.10.239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2483-2496

Author(s):

Jingran Zhang ◽

Tianqi Jia ◽

Yongda Yan ◽

Li Wang ◽

Peng Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ag Nanoparticles ◽

Enhancement Factor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Production Method ◽

Copper Surface ◽

Sers Substrate ◽

Label Free ◽

Sers Substrates ◽

Highly Sensitive

Nanostructures have been widely employed in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Recently, in order to obtain a higher enhancement factor at a lower detection limit, hierarchical structures, including nanostructures and nanoparticles, appear to be viable SERS substrate candidates. Here we describe a novel method integrating the nanoindentation process and chemical redox reaction to machine a hierarchical SERS substrate. The micro/nanostructures are first formed on a Cu(110) plane and then Ag nanoparticles are generated on the structured copper surface. The effect of the indentation process parameters and the corrosion time in the AgNO3 solution on the Raman intensities of the SERS substrate with hierarchical structures are experimentally studied. The intensity and distribution of the electric field of single and multiple Ag nanoparticles on the surface of a plane and with multiple micro/nanostructures are studied with COMSOL software. The feasibility of the hierarchical SERS substrate is verified using R6G molecules. Finally, the enhancement factor using malachite green molecules was found to reach 5.089 × 109, which demonstrates that the production method is a simple, reproducible and low-cost method for machining a highly sensitive, hierarchical SERS substrate.

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Exploration of Microbial Factories for Synthesis of Nanoparticles – A Sustainable Approach for Bioremediation of Environmental Contaminants

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.658294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Riti T. Kapoor ◽

Marcia R. Salvadori ◽

Mohd Rafatullah ◽

Masoom R. Siddiqui ◽

Moonis A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

High Surface ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Production Method ◽

Research Field ◽

Renewable Materials ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Nanoparticles Synthesis

The nanomaterials synthesis is an intensifying research field due to their wide applications. The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles and quick interaction capacity with different particles make them as an attractive tool in different areas. Conventional physical and chemical procedures for development of metal nanoparticles become outmoded due to extensive production method, energy expenditure and generation of toxic by-products which causes significant risks to the human health and environment. Hence, there is a growing requirement to search substitute, non-expensive, reliable, biocompatible and environmental friendly methods for development of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has gained significant interest due to their potential to synthesize nanoparticles in various sizes, shape and composition with different physico-chemical properties. Microbes can be widely applied for nanoparticles production due to easy handling and processing, requirement of low-cost medium such as agro-wastes, simple scaling up, economic viability with the ability of adsorbing and reducing metal ions into nanoparticles through metabolic processes. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles offers clean, non-toxic, environmentally benign and sustainable approach in which renewable materials can be used for metal reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. Nanomaterials synthesized through microbes can be used as a pollution abatement tool as they also contain multiple functional groups that can easily target pollutants for efficient bioremediation and promotes environmental cleanup. The objective of the present review is to highlight the significance of micro-organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, yeast, algae and viruses for nanoparticles synthesis and advantages of microbial approaches for elimination of heavy metals, dyes and wastewater treatment.

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Just-In Time Production System Using Fuzzy Logic Approach and a Simulation Application

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1029 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 445 ◽

pp. 1029-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yavuz Ozdemir ◽

Pelin Alcan ◽

Huseyin Basligil ◽

Cagri Dokuz

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Production System ◽

Production Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Method ◽

Transformation Process ◽

Just In Time ◽

Time Production ◽

Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽

Jit Production

While firms are operating in a global competitive environment, they are subjected to changes because of the increased competitiveness and developed technologies. Therefore, this transformation process forces to produce with just-in-time production and low cost products or services and leads to customer satisfaction. Until today, competitive conditions, efficiency, productivity and quality of production, forced the firms to put more emphasis on production systems. Therefore, the firms are more interested in scientific analysis, planning and controlling of their production systems. As a result, one of the newest approaches is Just in Time (JIT) production system which emerged after WWII in Japan and aims to decrease the inventory cost and maximize the quality. The philosophy of this approach is to produce the necessary amount of production, when and where needed at the required quality.But JIT production system is weak in unclear species. For this purpose, the general and necessary solution is using fuzzy logic. In this paper we discussed about the simulation of an assembly line with 3 steps; firstly using Kanban production method, secondly non-using Kanban production method, and lastly using Kanban production method with fuzzy times. And also the comparisons of these steps will also be studied in this paper.

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An Overview of Semisolid Processing of Aluminium Alloys

ISRN Materials Science ◽

10.1155/2013/679820 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

M. S. Salleh ◽

M. Z. Omar ◽

J. Syarif ◽

M. N. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Automotive Industry ◽

Aluminium Alloys ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

New Technology ◽

Research Work ◽

Production Method ◽

Semisolid Processing ◽

Shaping Process ◽

Feedstock Production

Semisolid metal processing (SSM) or thixoforming is a new technology that offers several advantages over liquid processing and solid processing. This process utilizes semisolid behavior as well as reduces macrosegregation, porosity, and forming forces during shaping process. A lot of research work has been carried out by various researchers in order to exploit the potential of this process to produce different products especially for automotive industry. This paper will summarise the rheological behavior of aluminium alloys in semisolid slurries, thixoformability of modified aluminium alloys, the effect of feedstock production method on mechanical properties, and the importance of developing low-cost raw materials for semisolid processing.

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Straw/Nano-Additive Hybrids as Functional Fillers for Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Justyna Miedzianowska ◽

Marcin Masłowski ◽

Przemysław Rybiński ◽

Krzysztof Strzelec

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Production Method ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Cereal Straw ◽

Hybrid Fillers ◽

The Impact

Currently, up to 215 million metric tons of harvestable straw are available in Europe, 50% of the crops come from wheat, 25% from barley and 25% from maize. More than half of the production remains undeveloped. The overproduction of straw in the world means that the current methods of its management are insufficient. The article describes the production method and characterization of natural rubber biocomposites containing cereal straw powder modified with functional nano-additives in the form of carbon black, silica and halloysite nanotubes. The use of cereal straw in the elastomer matrix should contribute to obtaining a product with good mechanical properties while ensuring a low cost of the composite. In turn, the application of the mechanical modification process will allow the combination of specific properties of raw materials to obtain new, advanced elastomeric materials. As part of the work, hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified cereal straw were produced. The impact of hybrid fillers on mechanical, rheometric and damping properties was assessed. The flammability and susceptibility of the obtained biocomposites to aging processes were determined. The use of hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified straw allowed us to obtain a higher cross-linking density of vulcanizates (even up to 40% compared to the reference sample), and thus higher values of the rheometric moment during the vulcanization process of rubber mixtures (from approx. 10% (10 phr of filler) up to 50% (30 phr of filler) in relation to the unfilled system) and higher hardness of vulcanizates (by about 30–70%). The curing time of the blends was slightly longer, but the obtained composites were characterized by significantly higher tensile strength. The use of fillers in the elastomer matrix increased the modulus at 100, 200 and 300% and the elongation at break. Moreover, greater resistance of vulcanizates to the combustion process was confirmed.

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A green and low-cost room temperature biodiesel production method from waste oil using egg shells as catalyst

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.078 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 182 ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Alla Piker ◽

Betina Tabah ◽

Nina Perkas ◽

Aharon Gedanken

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Method ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Waste Oil ◽

Egg Shells

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Light Transmitting Lightweight Concrete with Transparent Plastic Bar

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149501711010615 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 615-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Byoungil Kim

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Low Cost ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Production Method ◽

Transparent Plastic ◽

Foaming Agent ◽

Porous Mold ◽

Material Preparation

Introduction: The ENV model proposed by TRIZ secured light transmission by replacing the existing costly transparent optical fibers with low-cost transparent materials with improved constructability, and improved the production method by changing the existing labor-intensive method of laying thousands or tens of thousands of optical fibers into a labor-saving system capable of mass production, which involves the use of a large external multi-porous mold. Results and Conclusion: The application of plastic based bar against optical fiber showed that the light transmitting ability was almost equal as well as the convenience of making light transmitting concrete. Additionally, the difficulties coming from heavy weight of trial product for material preparation, transportation, and processing process were tried to solve by applying lightweight aggregate and light foaming agent while maintaining minimum compressive strength.

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Optimization Of A Centrifugal Spinning Machine

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppulvza.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MEIARUL RAJENDRAN

Keyword(s):

Single Machine ◽

Efficient Method ◽

New Technologies ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Method ◽

Manufacturing Cost ◽

Centrifugal Spinning ◽

The World ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Way

We were all living in the world of technology, where the science had been developing for each and every seconds such as new technologies, new inventions and new ideas. In which, we would like to introduce a new idea by using centrifugal spinning method. Where, it is has been recently used for the production of micro and nano-fibers and it is also a safer and more efficient method for producing micro and nano-fibers when compared to all the fibers production method. Our concept is to reduce the manufacturing cost of the centrifugal spinning machine. Because the manufacturing cost of the single machine in India is about Rs.2.5 to 3 lakhs, by the way we would like to produce a machine at a low cost and by using the machine we produce the mat which has the same efficiency as compared to the mat produced by the original machine.

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