scholarly journals Dilution of Precision in Positioning Systems Using Both Angle of Arrival and Time of Arrival Measurements

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 192506-192516
Author(s):  
Binghao Li ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Xuesong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Dilution Of Precision

scholarly journals Accuracy Bounds for Array-Based Positioning in Dense Multipath Channels

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wilding ◽  
Stefan Grebien ◽  
Ulrich Mühlmann ◽  
Klaus Witrisal
Keyword(s):  
Error Bound ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Position Error ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Multipath Interference ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Performance Loss

The accuracy of radio-based positioning systems will be limited by multipath interference in realistic application scenarios. This paper derives closed-form expressions for the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the achievable time-of-arrival (ToA) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation-error variances, considering the presence of multipath radio channels, and extends these results to position estimation. The derivations are based on channel models comprising deterministic, specular multipath components as well as stochastic, diffuse/dense multipath. The derived CRLBs thus allow an evaluation of the influence of channel parameters, the geometric configuration of the environment, and system parameters such as signal bandwidth and array geometry. Our results quantify how the ToA and AoA accuracies decrease when the signal bandwidth is reduced, because more multipath will then interfere with the useful LoS component. Antenna arrays can (partly) compensate this performance loss, exploiting diversity among the multipath interference. For example, the AoA accuracy with a 16-element linear array at 1 MHz bandwidth is similar to a two-element array at 1 GHz , in the magnitude order of one degree. The ToA accuracy, on the other hand, still scales by a factor of 100 from the cm-regime to the m-regime because of the dominating influence of the signal bandwidth. The position error bound shows the relationship between the range and angle information under realistic indoor channel conditions and their different scaling behaviors as a function of the anchor–agent placement. Specular multipath components have a maximum detrimental influence near the walls. It is shown for an L-shaped room that a fairly even distribution of the position error bound can be achieved throughout the environment, using two anchors equipped with 2 × 2 -array antennas. The accuracy limit due to multipath increases from the 1–10-cm-range at 1 GHz bandwidth to the 0.5–1-m-range at 100 MHz .

Dilution of Precision in Three Dimensional Angle-of-Arrival Positioning Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2583-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Binghao Li ◽  
Chris Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Dilution Of Precision

Dilution of precision in angle-of-arrival positioning systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Dilution Of Precision

Time of Arrival and Angle of Arrival Estimation Algorithm in Dense Multipath

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Nuriel Rogel ◽  
Dan Raphaeli ◽  
Oded Bialer
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Angle Of Arrival

scholarly journals Joint clock synchronization and position estimation in time of arrival–based passive positioning systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771878689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Li ◽  
Lingyun Lu ◽  
Mark Hedley ◽  
David Humphrey ◽  
Iain B Collings
Keyword(s):  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Reference Node ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Wireless Signal

A widely used scheme for target localization is to measure the time of arrival of a wireless signal emitted by a tag, which requires the clocks of the anchors (receivers at known locations) to be accurately synchronized. Conventional systems rely on transmissions from a timing reference node at a known location for clock synchronization and therefore are susceptible to reference node failure. In this article, we propose a novel localization scheme which jointly estimates anchor clock offsets and target positions. The system does not require timing reference nodes and is completely passive (non-intrusive). The positioning algorithm is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation problem, which is solved efficiently using an iterative linear least square method. The Cramér–Rao lower bound of positioning error is also analyzed. It is shown that the performance of the proposed scheme improves with the number of targets in the system and approaches that of a system with perfectly synchronized anchors.

scholarly journals Non-Line-of-Sight Error Mitigation in Wireless Communication Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Szu Lin Su ◽  
Yi Wen Su ◽  
Ho Nien Shou ◽  
Chien Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

When there is non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path between the mobile station (MS) and base stations (BSs), it is possible to integrate many kinds of measurements to achieve more accurate measurements of the MS location. This paper proposed hybrid methods that utilize time of arrival (TOA) at five BSs and angle of arrival (AOA) information at the serving BS to determine the MS location in NLOS environments. The methods mitigate the NLOS effect simply by the weighted sum of the intersections between five TOA circles and the AOA line without requiring priori knowledge of NLOS error statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed methods always give superior performance than Taylor series algorithm (TSA) and the hybrid lines of position algorithm (HLOP).

Performance Evaluation of Geolocation Based Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cloud-Assisted Cognitive Radio Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Swetha Reddy ◽  
Isaac Cushman ◽  
Danda B. Rawat ◽  
Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Spectrum Access ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Probability Of False Alarm ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Overall Performance

The popularity of cloud-assisted database-driven cognitive radio network (CRN) has increased significantly due to three main reasons; reduced sensing uncertainties (caused by the use of spectrum scanning and sensing techniques), FCC mandated use of a database for storing and utilizing idle channels, and leveraging cloud computing platform to process big data generated by wideband sensing and analyzing. In database-driven CRN, secondary users periodically query the database to find idle channels for opportunistic communications where secondary users use their geolocation (with the help of Global Positioning System - GPS) to find idle channels for given location and time. Use of GPS makes the overall CRN vulnerable where malicious users falsify their geolocations through GPS spoofing to find more channels. The other main drawback of GPS is estimation error while finding location of users and idle bands. Due to this there will be probability of misdetection and false alarm which will have its effect on overall performance and efficiency of the system. In this paper, the authors present a three-stage mechanism for detecting GPS spoofing attacks using angle of arrival, received signal strength and time of arrival. They also evaluate the probability of misdetection and probability of false alarm in this system while detecting location of secondary users. The authors evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using numerical results.

scholarly journals Fast Joint Estimation of Time of Arrival and Angle of Arrival in Complex Multipath Environment Using OFDM

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 60613-60621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Xu ◽  
Yankui Zhang ◽  
Bin Ba ◽  
Daming Wang ◽  
Xiangzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Multipath Environment ◽  
Estimation Of Time

scholarly journals Probability Weighting Localization Algorithm Based on NLOS Identification in Wireless Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixun Wu ◽  
Shengjun Zhang ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Darong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

In this paper, a localization scenario that the home base station (BS) measures time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) while the neighboring BSs only measure TOA is investigated. In order to reduce the effect of non-line of sight (NLOS) propagation, the probability weighting localization algorithm based on NLOS identification is proposed. The proposed algorithm divides these range and angle measurements into different combinations. For each combination, a statistic whose distribution is chi-square in LOS propagation is constructed, and the corresponding theoretic threshold is derived to identify each combination whether it is LOS or NLOS propagation. Further, if those combinations are decided as LOS propagation, the corresponding probabilities are derived to weigh the accepted combinations. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can provide better performance than conventional algorithms in different NLOS environments. In addition, computational complexity of our proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared.

scholarly journals A Loose-Coupled Fusion of Inertial and UWB Assisted by a Decision-Making Algorithm for Localization of Emergency Responders

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. Ferreira ◽  
Duarte Fernandes ◽  
André P. Catarino ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
João L. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Pedestrian Dead Reckoning ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

Combining different technologies is gaining significant popularity among researchers and industry for the development of indoor positioning systems (IPSs). These hybrid IPSs emerge as a robust solution for indoor localization as the drawbacks of each technology can be mitigated or even eliminated by using complementary technologies. However, fusing position estimates from different technologies is still very challenging and, therefore, a hot research topic. In this work, we pose fusing the ultrawideband (UWB) position estimates with the estimates provided by a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) by using a Kalman filter. To improve the IPS accuracy, a decision-making algorithm was developed that aims to assess the usability of UWB measurements based on the identification of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Three different data fusion algorithms are tested, based on three different time-of-arrival positioning algorithms, and experimental results show a localization accuracy of below 1.5 m for a 99th percentile.

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