A multispectral analysis of black skin color images for linea nigra segmentation

Human skin detection is an important and challenging problem in computer vision. Skin detection can be used as the first phase in face detection when using color images. The differences in illumination and ranges of skin colors have made skin detection a challenging task. Gaussian model, rule based methods, and artificial neural networks are methods that have been used for human skin color detection. Deep learning methods are new techniques in learning that have shown improved classification power compared to neural networks. In this paper the authors use deep learning methods in order to enhance the capabilities of skin detection algorithms. Several experiments have been performed using auto encoders and different color spaces. The proposed technique is evaluated compare with other available methods in this domain using two color image databases. The results show that skin detection utilizing deep learning has better results compared to other methods such as rule-based, Gaussian model and feed forward neural network.

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Food Insecurity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Undergraduates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020358 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Bruna Leal Lima Maciel ◽

Clélia de Oliveira Lyra ◽

Jéssica Raissa Carlos Gomes ◽

Priscilla Moura Rolim ◽

Bartira Mendes Gorgulho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Skin Color ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black Skin ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Socio Economic Variables

Undergraduates may face challenges to assure food security, related to economic and mental distress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess food insecurity and its associated factors in undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to February 2021 with 4775 undergraduates from all Brazilian regions. The questionnaire contained socio-economic variables, the validated Brazilian food insecurity scale, and the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality. The median age of the students was 22.0 years, and 48.0% reported income decreasing with the pandemic. Food insecurity was present in 38.6% of the students, 4.5% with severe food insecurity and 7.7% moderate. Logistic regressions showed students with brown and black skin color/race presented the highest OR for food insecurity; both income and weight increase or reduction during the pandemic was also associated with a higher OR for food insecurity, and better diet quality was associated with decreased OR for food insecurity. Our study showed a considerable presence of food insecurity in undergraduates. Policy for this population must be directed to the most vulnerable: those with brown and black skin color/race, who changed income during the pandemic, and those presented with difficulties maintaining weight and with poor diet quality.

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Using Skin Color and HAD-AdaBoost Algorithm for Face Detection in Color Images

Proceedings of 2012 National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science ◽

10.2991/citcs.2012.76 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li-Jie Xue ◽

Zheng-Ming Li

Keyword(s):

Face Detection ◽

Skin Color ◽

Color Images ◽

Adaboost Algorithm

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Human Face Detection in Color Images

10.32920/ryerson.14665272 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Gao

Keyword(s):

Face Detection ◽

Skin Color ◽

Video Retrieval ◽

Color Images ◽

Human Face ◽

Detection Scheme ◽

Retrieval Systems ◽

Human Face Detection ◽

The Face ◽

Video Retrieval Systems

Detection of human face has many realistic and important applications such as human and computer interface, face recognition, face image database management, security access control systems and content-based indexing video retrieval systems. In this report a face detection scheme will be presented. The scheme is designed to operate on color images. In the first stage of algorithm, the skin color regions are detected based on the chrominance information. A color segmentation stage is then employed to make skin color regions to be divided into smaller regions which have homogenous color. Then, we use the iterative luminance segmentation to further separate the detected skin region from other skin-colored objects such as hair, clothes, and wood, based on the high variance of the luminance component in the neighborhood of edges of objects. Post-processing is applied to determine whether skin color regions fit the face constrains on density of skin, size, shape and symmetry and contain the facial features such as eyes and mouths. Experimental results show that the algorithm is robust and is capable of detecting multiple faces in the presence of a complex background which contains the color similar to the skin tone.

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Mutational Profile of Driver Genes in Brazilian Melanomas

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.19.00169 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Luiza S.A. Vicente ◽

Camila S. Crovador ◽

Graziela Macedo ◽

Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto ◽

Rui M. Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Superficial Spreading ◽

Driver Genes ◽

Tert Promoter ◽

Mutational Status ◽

Black Skin ◽

Anatomic Locations

PURPOSE Mutation testing of the key genes involved in melanoma oncogenesis is now mandatory for the application of targeted therapeutics. However, knowledge of the mutational profile of melanoma remains largely unknown in Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we assessed the mutation status of melanoma driver genes BRAF, NRAS, TERT, KIT, and PDGFRA in a cohort of 459 patients attended at Barretos Cancer Hospital between 2001 and 2012. We used polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing to analyze the hot spot mutations of BRAF exon 15 (V600E), NRAS (codons 12/13 and 61), TERT (promoter region), KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17), and PDGFRA (exons 12, 14, and 18) in tumors. The mutational profile was investigated for associations with demographic, histopathologic, and clinical features of the disease. RESULTS The nodular subtype was most frequent (38.9%) followed by the superficial spreading subtype (34.4%). The most frequent tumor location was in the limbs (50.0%). The mutation rates were 34.3% for TERT and 34.1% for BRAF followed by NRAS (7.9%), KIT (6.2%), and PDGFRA (2.9%). The BRAF ( P = .014) and TERT ( P = .006) mutations were associated with younger patients and with different anatomic locations, particularly in the trunk, for the superficial spreading and nodular subtypes, respectively ( P = .0001 for both). PDGFRA mutations were associated with black skin color ( P = .023) and TERT promoter mutations with an absence of ulceration ( P = .037) and lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase. There was no association between patient survival rates and mutational status. CONCLUSION The similar mutational profile we observe in melanomas in Brazil compared with other populations will help to guide precision medicine in this country.

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Black skin matters : the significance of color in early modern England

10.32469/10355/85797 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Timothy Love

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Skin Color ◽

Black People ◽

Early Modern England ◽

English Renaissance ◽

Titus Andronicus ◽

The Tempest ◽

Black Skin ◽

Love's Labour's Lost ◽

The Impact

This book explores the impact of stereotypical concepts associated with black skin color in representations of black people during the English Renaissance, namely Shakespeare's Othello (Othello), Aaron (Titus Andronicus), Caliban (The Tempest), Rosaline (Love's Labour's Lost), and the "dark lady" (Sonnets). Ultimately, this book demonstrates how Shakespeare, and texts of select English Renaissance authors, retaliate against traditional stereotypical, mythical, or colonial representations of black people -- representations stemming from distinct resentments for black skin color, hegemonic notions of black inferiority, and opportunistic ambitions deriving from collective concepts of white superiority. These very early postcolonial-minded authors foreshadow modern postcolonial philosophers as they factually assess psychological patterns associated with early modern black people who endure racial discrimination, subjugation, and assimilation. Their literature contrasts previous and contemporary colonial works which fail to reference or utilize fact over racial myth when creating representations of black individuals.

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The birds and the Bedes: Race, gender, and sexuality in Bede’s In Cantica Canticorum

postmedieval a journal of medieval cultural studies ◽

10.1057/s41280-020-00193-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 425-433

Author(s):

Erik Wade

Keyword(s):

Religious Identity ◽

Skin Color ◽

Gender And Sexuality ◽

Song Of Songs ◽

Religious Difference ◽

Active Life ◽

Intersectional Analysis ◽

Black Skin ◽

The Feminine ◽

Historical Text

AbstractThis article argues that Bede – like modern intersectional analysis – believed that identity categories cannot be disentangled or understood in isolation. In Bede’s commentary on the Song of Songs, skin color, gender, and religious identity intermix with metaphors of sexuality. These categories coalesce in a monumental lesson on how to read. Bede claims that reading the Song literally – perceiving Black skin, eroticism, gender confusion – means reading like a Jew and prevents readers from seeing the feminine, metaphorical level below the masculine, carnal level. This article suggests that intersectional analysis is akin to much medieval thought rather than being an anachronistic imposition on a historical text. Intersectional analysis can lay bare how medieval theologians saw identity categories as interwoven and interdependent, even while the theologians themselves entrenched hierarchies of race, gender, sexuality, and religious difference. For Bede, Christian interpretation is a continual process of moving from a literal outside (Black, masculine, carnal, sexual) to a metaphorical inside (beautiful, feminine, allegorical, chaste, reproductive). Once inside, however, we – like the bird passing through the hall – must return once again to the outside in an endless movement between layers that echoes theological processes of rumination and blurs the divide between the contemplative and the active life.

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The Resistance of Slave in Colonial Era toward Surapati by Abdoel Moeis

International Journal of Linguistics Literature and Culture ◽

10.21744/ijllc.v3i1.366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

I Nyoman Yasa ◽

Anang Santoso ◽

Roekhan

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Skin Color ◽

Color Discrimination ◽

Literary Work ◽

Point Of View ◽

Colonial Discourse ◽

Colonial Era ◽

White Skin ◽

Black Skin ◽

The Impact

This descriptive qualitative research is done based on slave and slavery problem in Indonesia in literary work. It is executed by using deconstruction technique, and it has the goals to describe: (1) The relation between colonials and colonialized people in Surapati novel and (2) The resistance of slave to the employer, and (3) The characteristics of Surapati novel in postcolonial perspective. The result of this research shows that the relation between colonials and colonialized people, it is between Dutch and Indonesian indigene is an unbalanced relation. Dutch’s domination toward indigene is shown through Dutch’s prejudices toward indigene, animal stereotyping to indigent, and skin color discrimination which is constructed by colonial. Dutch viewed themselves are more civilized than indigene because they have white skin color, otherwise indigene have black skin color, or not white. This point of view is reconstructed in their mind and attitude, so there is a stereotype that indigene is uncivilized, negligent, lazy, and like an animal (monkey). The impact of this domination (discrimination, racism, and marginalization) makes indigene perform resistance. Resistance is done by slave/indigene in form of mimicry, and mockery that mocking Dutch colonial as an effort to destroy their power. The mimicry and mockery show the hybrid attitude of slave/indigene, so the discourse that is constructed in Surapati novel is ambiguous. So that, in postcolonial perspective this novel can be said having ambiguous characteristics. In one side it constructs opponent discourse, but in another side it is hegemonies by colonial discourse.

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Skin Color Registration Using Recognition of Waving Hands

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2010.p0262 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 262-272

Author(s):

Kota Irie ◽

◽

Masahito Takahashi ◽

Kenji Terabayashi ◽

Hidetoshi Ogishima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Skin Color ◽

Color Images ◽

Color Information ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Hand Gestures ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Low Resolution Images

This paper proposes skin color registration using the recognition of waving hands. In order to recognize hand gestures from images, skin colors are useful information. The proposed method can register skin colors simply and quickly because it uses just a few waves of the hand. The method consists of 2 steps. First, the regions of the waving hands are extracted from low-resolution images without using color information. Second, the color values of the extracted regions are classified into background colors and hand colors depending on time series of color images. The color information classified as hand colors is registered as skin colors. The proposed method is robust against lighting conditions and individual differences in skin color, because the skin color is registered as an adapted skin color in each case. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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