Transcriptome reveals genes involving in black skin color formation of ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hehe Liu ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Jiwei Hu ◽  
Hengyong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Black Skin

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Undergraduates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Bruna Leal Lima Maciel ◽  
Clélia de Oliveira Lyra ◽  
Jéssica Raissa Carlos Gomes ◽  
Priscilla Moura Rolim ◽  
Bartira Mendes Gorgulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

Undergraduates may face challenges to assure food security, related to economic and mental distress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess food insecurity and its associated factors in undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to February 2021 with 4775 undergraduates from all Brazilian regions. The questionnaire contained socio-economic variables, the validated Brazilian food insecurity scale, and the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality. The median age of the students was 22.0 years, and 48.0% reported income decreasing with the pandemic. Food insecurity was present in 38.6% of the students, 4.5% with severe food insecurity and 7.7% moderate. Logistic regressions showed students with brown and black skin color/race presented the highest OR for food insecurity; both income and weight increase or reduction during the pandemic was also associated with a higher OR for food insecurity, and better diet quality was associated with decreased OR for food insecurity. Our study showed a considerable presence of food insecurity in undergraduates. Policy for this population must be directed to the most vulnerable: those with brown and black skin color/race, who changed income during the pandemic, and those presented with difficulties maintaining weight and with poor diet quality.

scholarly journals Mutational Profile of Driver Genes in Brazilian Melanomas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Luiza S.A. Vicente ◽  
Camila S. Crovador ◽  
Graziela Macedo ◽  
Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto ◽  
Rui M. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Superficial Spreading ◽  
Driver Genes ◽  
Tert Promoter ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Anatomic Locations

PURPOSE Mutation testing of the key genes involved in melanoma oncogenesis is now mandatory for the application of targeted therapeutics. However, knowledge of the mutational profile of melanoma remains largely unknown in Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we assessed the mutation status of melanoma driver genes BRAF, NRAS, TERT, KIT, and PDGFRA in a cohort of 459 patients attended at Barretos Cancer Hospital between 2001 and 2012. We used polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing to analyze the hot spot mutations of BRAF exon 15 (V600E), NRAS (codons 12/13 and 61), TERT (promoter region), KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17), and PDGFRA (exons 12, 14, and 18) in tumors. The mutational profile was investigated for associations with demographic, histopathologic, and clinical features of the disease. RESULTS The nodular subtype was most frequent (38.9%) followed by the superficial spreading subtype (34.4%). The most frequent tumor location was in the limbs (50.0%). The mutation rates were 34.3% for TERT and 34.1% for BRAF followed by NRAS (7.9%), KIT (6.2%), and PDGFRA (2.9%). The BRAF ( P = .014) and TERT ( P = .006) mutations were associated with younger patients and with different anatomic locations, particularly in the trunk, for the superficial spreading and nodular subtypes, respectively ( P = .0001 for both). PDGFRA mutations were associated with black skin color ( P = .023) and TERT promoter mutations with an absence of ulceration ( P = .037) and lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase. There was no association between patient survival rates and mutational status. CONCLUSION The similar mutational profile we observe in melanomas in Brazil compared with other populations will help to guide precision medicine in this country.

scholarly journals Black skin matters : the significance of color in early modern England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy Love
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Black People ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Titus Andronicus ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Love's Labour's Lost ◽  
The Impact

This book explores the impact of stereotypical concepts associated with black skin color in representations of black people during the English Renaissance, namely Shakespeare's Othello (Othello), Aaron (Titus Andronicus), Caliban (The Tempest), Rosaline (Love's Labour's Lost), and the "dark lady" (Sonnets). Ultimately, this book demonstrates how Shakespeare, and texts of select English Renaissance authors, retaliate against traditional stereotypical, mythical, or colonial representations of black people -- representations stemming from distinct resentments for black skin color, hegemonic notions of black inferiority, and opportunistic ambitions deriving from collective concepts of white superiority. These very early postcolonial-minded authors foreshadow modern postcolonial philosophers as they factually assess psychological patterns associated with early modern black people who endure racial discrimination, subjugation, and assimilation. Their literature contrasts previous and contemporary colonial works which fail to reference or utilize fact over racial myth when creating representations of black individuals.

scholarly journals The birds and the Bedes: Race, gender, and sexuality in Bede’s In Cantica Canticorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Erik Wade
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Song Of Songs ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Historical Text

AbstractThis article argues that Bede – like modern intersectional analysis – believed that identity categories cannot be disentangled or understood in isolation. In Bede’s commentary on the Song of Songs, skin color, gender, and religious identity intermix with metaphors of sexuality. These categories coalesce in a monumental lesson on how to read. Bede claims that reading the Song literally – perceiving Black skin, eroticism, gender confusion – means reading like a Jew and prevents readers from seeing the feminine, metaphorical level below the masculine, carnal level. This article suggests that intersectional analysis is akin to much medieval thought rather than being an anachronistic imposition on a historical text. Intersectional analysis can lay bare how medieval theologians saw identity categories as interwoven and interdependent, even while the theologians themselves entrenched hierarchies of race, gender, sexuality, and religious difference. For Bede, Christian interpretation is a continual process of moving from a literal outside (Black, masculine, carnal, sexual) to a metaphorical inside (beautiful, feminine, allegorical, chaste, reproductive). Once inside, however, we – like the bird passing through the hall – must return once again to the outside in an endless movement between layers that echoes theological processes of rumination and blurs the divide between the contemplative and the active life.

The Resistance of Slave in Colonial Era toward Surapati by Abdoel Moeis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Yasa ◽  
Anang Santoso ◽  
Roekhan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
The Impact

This descriptive qualitative research is done based on slave and slavery problem in Indonesia in literary work. It is executed by using deconstruction technique, and it has the goals to describe: (1) The relation between colonials and colonialized people in Surapati novel and (2) The resistance of slave to the employer, and (3) The characteristics of Surapati novel in postcolonial perspective. The result of this research shows that the relation between colonials and colonialized people, it is between Dutch and Indonesian indigene is an unbalanced relation. Dutch’s domination toward indigene is shown through Dutch’s prejudices toward indigene, animal stereotyping to indigent, and skin color discrimination which is constructed by colonial. Dutch viewed themselves are more civilized than indigene because they have white skin color, otherwise indigene have black skin color, or not white. This point of view is reconstructed in their mind and attitude, so there is a stereotype that indigene is uncivilized, negligent, lazy, and like an animal (monkey). The impact of this domination (discrimination, racism, and marginalization) makes indigene perform resistance. Resistance is done by slave/indigene in form of mimicry, and mockery that mocking Dutch colonial as an effort to destroy their power. The mimicry and mockery show the hybrid attitude of slave/indigene, so the discourse that is constructed in Surapati novel is ambiguous. So that, in postcolonial perspective this novel can be said having ambiguous characteristics. In one side it constructs opponent discourse, but in another side it is hegemonies by colonial discourse.

scholarly journals Iron supplementation among pregnant women: results from a population-based survey study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraci Almeida Cesar ◽  
Samuel de Carvalho Dumith ◽  
Maria Aurora Dropa Chrestani ◽  
Raul Andrés Mendoza-Sassi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Population Based Survey

Objectives: To measure the prevalence and risk factors associated with iron supplementation among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: All mothers living in this municipality who had children in 2007 were surveyed for demographic, socioeconomic and health care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The statistical analysis consisted of Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance, and the measure of effect was prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Among the 2,557 mothers interviewed (99% of total), 59% were supplemented with iron during pregnancy period. After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher PR to iron supplementation was observed among teenagers, women with black skin color, primigravidae, who had six or more antenatal visits, who performed prenatal care in public sector and received vitamin during pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a clear need to increase the iron supplementation coverage of all pregnant women, especially among those currently considered with low gestational risk.

scholarly journals Association between quality of life and perceived stress in patients with vitiligo: case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Alves Pereira Lacerda ◽  
Luiz Almeida Silva ◽  
Guilherme Silva Mendonca ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Lídia Andreu Guilo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Mild Impairment ◽  
Control Study

To evaluate the association between quality of life (QL), perceived stress in patients with vitiligo and compare the perception of stress with noncarriers. The first study was cross-secctional, and the second case-control with 51 patients in outpatient treatment and 51 users of a blood center, matched by sex and age. Questionnaires used were Dermatology Life Quality Index and Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The mean score of quality of life in patients was 4.7 ± 5.8, showing a slight impairment in QL. There was association between QL and black skin color (p <0.001), involvement of standard exposed vitiligo (p < 0.001) and perceived stress (p = 0.033). The perceived stress rated among the groups showed an average of 20.7 ± 6.0 and 17.8 ± 7.0 for cases and controls, respectively. Vitiligo patients had higher perceived stress compared to the control group (p = 0.022). The results showed a high perceived stress in patients with vitiligo, suggesting that the disease increases the level of stress. The overall score of the quality of life was relatively low indicating mild impairment of disease on quality of life.

Colorism in Israel: The Construct of a Paradox

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2101-2116
Author(s):  
Henriette Dahan Kalev
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
National Unity ◽  
White Skin ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ethiopian Jews

The main argument in this article is that while attempting to establish a social and national unity, the Zionist movement has ended up in a socioeconomic split that lines up with ethnic rifts and a skin color divide. The Ashkenazi (East Europeans) have set up a white skin tone as the “zero point of reference” using bio-power practices in order to turn Mizrahim (Jews of Arab and Moslem countries of origin) into “New Jews” constructed in the images of the Jews of European origin. Later this practice was applied to Ethiopian immigrants. Consequently, in order to integrate “Mizrahim” and Ethiopian, Jews developed a paradoxical “Ashkenaziation” in their appearance and their practices, which included turning Mizrahiness and black skin assets into political capital.

Preferences for Black Skin among Negro Adults

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Norman H. Hamm ◽  
David O. Williams ◽  
A. Derick Dalhouse
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Behavioral Attributes

24 black Ss, age 15 to 25, 35 to 45, 55 to 65 yr., were required to choose a real and ideal face from 11 faces which differed in skin color and attribute desirable and undesirable behavioral attributes to 20 figures, 10 of which were Negro. Analyses of the former task showed neither a significant preference on the part of all Ss for dark skin colors nor an increasing tendency for older Ss to prefer light skin; analyses of the latter task also indicated that across all age groups there was no preference for dark skin. However, Ss in the youngest age group attributed significantly more positive behavioral attributes to black skin than Ss in the older age categories.

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