Physical Description of the Mixed-Mode Degradation Mechanism for High Performance Bipolar Transistors

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vanhoucke ◽  
G.A.M. Hurkx ◽  
D. Panko ◽  
R. Campos ◽  
A. Piontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Physical Description

A new "mixed-mode" reliability degradation mechanism in advanced Si and SiGe bipolar transistors

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2151-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhang ◽  
J.D. Cressler ◽  
Guofu Niu ◽  
A.J. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Bipolar Transistors

scholarly journals SnS2/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Production and Photodegradation Under Extended Solar Irradiation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Sivagowri Shanmugaratnam ◽  
Balaranjan Selvaratnam ◽  
Aravind Baride ◽  
Ranjit Koodali ◽  
Punniamoorthy Ravirajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Chalcogenide Materials

Earth–abundant transition metal chalcogenide materials are of great research interest for energy production and environmental remediation, as they exhibit better photocatalytic activity due to their suitable electronic and optical properties. This study focuses on the photocatalytic activity of flower-like SnS2 nanoparticles (composed of nanosheet subunits) embedded in TiO2 synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using different techniques, and their photocatalytic activity was assessed for hydrogen evolution reaction and the degradation of methylene blue. Among the catalysts studied, 10 wt. % of SnS2 loaded TiO2 nanocomposite shows an optimum hydrogen evolution rate of 195.55 µmolg−1, whereas 15 wt. % loading of SnS2 on TiO2 exhibits better performance against the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with the rate constant of 4.415 × 10−4 s−1 under solar simulated irradiation. The improved performance of these materials can be attributed to the effective photo-induced charge transfer and reduced recombination, which make these nanocomposite materials promising candidates for the development of high-performance next-generation photocatalyst materials. Further, scavenging experiments were carried out to confirm the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the photocatalytic degradation. It can be observed that there was a 78% reduction in the rate of degradation when IPA was used as the scavenger, whereas around 95% reduction was attained while N2 was used as the scavenger. Notably, very low degradation (<5%) was attained when the dye alone was directly under solar irradiation. These results further validate that the •OH radical and the superoxide radicals can be acknowledged for the degradation mechanism of MB, and the enhancement of degradation efficiency may be due to the combined effect of in situ dye sensitization during the catalysis and the impregnation of low bandgap materials on TiO2.

Design considerations of high-performance narrow-emitter bipolar transistors

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Tang ◽  
Tze-Chiang Chen ◽  
Ching-Te Chuang ◽  
G.P. Li ◽  
J.M.C. Stork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Design Considerations

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Mixed Mode Fracture Behavior of Sandstone under Water–Rock Interactions

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Hua ◽  
Jianxiong Li ◽  
Shiming Dong ◽  
Xin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Mixed Mode Fracture ◽  
Pure Mode ◽  
Brazilian Disk ◽  
Tangential Strain ◽  
Mode Fracture

Water–rock interactions can significantly deteriorate the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, and it has been identified as one of the significant factors influencing the stability and safety of structures in rock–soil engineering. In this study, the fracture mechanical properties of sandstone under periodic water–rock interactions and long-term immersion have been studied with central cracked Brazilian disk specimens. The degradation mechanism of water–rock interactions was also studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the generalized maximum tangential stress and generalized maximum tangential strain criteria were adopted to evaluate the experimental results. The results show that periodic water–rock interactions can remarkably affect the fracture resistance of sandstone. With the increase in the number of cycles, the pure mode I, pure mode II, and mixed mode fracture toughness decreases greatly, however, the values of KIf/KIC and KIIf/KIC decrease slightly. Furthermore, the fracture resistance of sandstone influenced by cyclic wetting–drying is more significant than long-term immersion. Moreover, the fracture criteria, which considers the effect of T-stress, can reproduce the test results very well.

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