Traffic Control Through Traffic Density

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mrazek ◽  
Lucia Duricova Mrazkova ◽  
Martin Hromada
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Density

Effect of Changing a Traffic Control Device Color on Driver Behavior and Perception across Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110111
Author(s):  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
Essam Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
And Performance

The use of express lanes (ELs) in freeway traffic management has seen increasing popularity throughout the United States, particularly in Florida. These lanes aim at making the most efficient transportation system management and operations tool to provide a more reliable trip. An important component of ELs is the channelizing devices used to delineate the separation between the ELs and the general-purpose lane. With the upcoming changes to the FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, this study provided an opportunity to recommend changes affecting safety and efficiency on a nationwide level. It was important to understand the impacts on driver perception and performance in response to the color of the EL delineators. It was also valuable to understand the differences between demographics in responding to delineator colors under different driving conditions. The driving simulator was used to test the responses of several demographic groups to changes in marker color and driving conditions. Furthermore, participants were tested for several factors relevant to driving performance including visual and subjective responses to the changes in colors and driving conditions. Impacts on driver perception were observed via eye-tracking technology with changes to time of day, visibility, traffic density, roadway surface type, and, crucially, color of the delineating devices. The analyses concluded that white was the optimal and most significant color for notice of delineators across the majority of subjective and performance measures, followed by yellow, with black being the least desirable.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Traffic Flow Control Via State Estimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
H. Abouaïssa ◽  
H. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic State ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Traffic State Estimation ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract The studies presented in this paper deal with traffic control in case of missing data and/or when the loop detectors are faulty. We show that the traffic state estimation plays an important role in traffic prediction and control. Two approaches are presented for the estimation of the main traffic variables (traffic density and mean speed). The state constructors obtained are then used for traffic flow control. Several numerical simulations show very promising results for both traffic state estimation and control.

scholarly journals Developing a New Spatial Unit for Macroscopic Safety Evaluation Based on Traffic Density Homogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Safety Knowledge ◽  
Traffic Operation ◽  
Crash Modeling

Macrolevel crash modeling has been extensively applied to investigate the safety effects of demographic, socioeconomic, and land use factors, in order to add safety knowledge into traffic planning and policy-making. In recent years, with the increasing attention to regional traffic management and control, the safety effects of macrolevel traffic flow parameters may also be of interest, in order to provide useful safety knowledge for regional traffic operation. In this paper, a new spatial unit was developed using a recursive half-cut partitioning procedure based on a normalized cut (NC) minimization method and traffic density homogeneity. Two Bayesian lognormal models with different conditional autoregressive (CAR) priors were applied to examine the safety effects of traffic flow characteristics at the NC level. It was found that safety effects of traffic flow exist at such macrolevel, indicating the necessity of considering safety for regional traffic control and management. Furthermore, traffic flow effects were also examined for another two spatial units: Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) and Census Tract (CT). It was found that ecological fallacy and atomic fallacy could exist without considering traffic flow parameters at those planning-based levels. In general, safety needs to be considered for regional traffic operation and the effects of traffic flow need to be considered for spatial crash modeling at various spatial levels.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Control of the Light Signalling Device in Real-Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Jan Mrazek ◽  
Lucia Duricova Mrazkova ◽  
Martin Hromada ◽  
Jana Reznickova
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Control Dynamic

The article is focused on the issue of interval on a light signaling device. Light signaling devices operate on different systems by means of which they are controlled. The control problem is a very static setting that does not respond to real-time traffic. Important variables for dynamic real-time control are traffic density in a selected area along with average speed. These variables are interdependent and can be based on dynamic traffic control. Dynamic traffic control ensures smoother traffic through major turns. At the same time, the number of harmful CO2 emitted from the means of transport should be reduced to the air. When used in low operation, power consumption should be reduced.

Intelligent Traffic Control System Using Ad-Hoc Wireless sensor Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
J. Isaac Henderson ◽  
M. Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Infrared Technology ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Signal Time

This paper deals with designing an automatic traffic control  system which works on principle of TRAFFIC DENSITY monitored by  Sensors on each side which provides direct information to microcontroller  which rerforms decision making to allow traffic based on density. The three density zones are low, medium and high. In each zone an ad hoc sensor is placed. Each sensor will check the presence of the vehicle in the zone using infrared technology and then ad hoc sensor sends the data to master ad hoc. To locate the sensor, each sensor of different zone is addressed by user and that address is fed to the master ad hoc sensor. This master ad hoc sensor will arrange the data from various sensors in an 8 bit data format. It then performs the required processing to determine the green signal time for each side. It has an exceptional system for high priority vehicles like ambulance, as it senses the direction of arrival of these vehicles and gives a green corridor. The main advantage over conventional system is that a side with heavy traffic doesn’t have to wait unreasonably while a side with no/less traffic gets an equal  amount of time as that of heavy traffic side which is irascible. This is an improved system based on preference for urgency/density of traffic. This can prove useful in especially Junctions of importance, thereby mediating traffic flow correctly.

Fully-Automated, Pilot-Monitored Air Traffic Control

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Time Required

A recently completed preliminary long-term study of air traffic control systems in Europe1 suggests that traffic density is likely at least to double before the end of the century. The study also concludes that, apart from the problem of airport capacity, which was not considered, the existing ATC systems in Europe will not be able to cope with such an increase in traffic. There is therefore a need to consider methods of increasing the capacity of the European ATC system or providing a new system and, in view of the time required to effect significant changes to such systems, the task is becoming urgent.Assumingthere is to be no deterioration insafety, theprime requirements for any proposed changes are economy and flexibility. Apart from its obvious intrinsic value, economy is necessary because there is an increasing trend towards recovering the total cost of ATC from the user. Higher charges are therefore likely to stultify the growth in air transport and an underlying assumption is that this would be undesirable. Flexibility is required because traffic forecasts so far into the future are likely to be in error and the system design must allow for this because there is likely to be some economic penalty if the forecast proves to be either too high or too low.

An Investigation into Air Traffic Control by a Simulation Method

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-65
Author(s):  
R. B. Coulson ◽  
V. D. Burgmann
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
System A ◽  
Full Scale Tests

It is now generally recognized that, under instrument conditions, traffic congestion at busy airports is already bad and any further increase in traffic density would be unmanageable without improvements in methods of air traffic control. A study of the problems of air traffic control by full-scale tests is prohibitively expensive and a practical alternative is required. This paper describes a series of investigations into air traffic control problems by simulation methods.Laboratory equipment suitable for such experiments is described briefly and has been shown to give a reliable quantitative assessment of the effect of changes in a control system. A number of possible control systems were studied in detail.

scholarly journals Proposed Algorithm for Smart Traffic Control using Ultrasonic Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3912-3915
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Smart Traffic

In India, the concept of smart city has evolved since last few years. Smart city includes smart electricity distributions, smart parking, smart lighting on streets, smart water distribution, smart drainage system, smart pipe gas system, smart traffic control system etc. All smart systems listed need smart use of technical solution so that all systems will play critical role in making city as smart. As far as smart traffic control is concerned, there were few solutions suggested and implanted such as sensor with CCTV, camera with IR sensor and tags etc. The technical solution may include software, hardware, communication models, networking, usage of data and of-course data analytics. As large amount of data may be generated by the objects/components involved in the system, it must be analyzed properly. The data may be in structured or un-structured format. In this paper, smart traffic control system with efficient algorithm has been proposed with data analytics to control traffic, which controls the timing of the signal dynamically. At a junction, there is need to control the traffic and signal timing such that air and noise pollution also will be monitored and controlled. In this model, IoT system has been proposed with ultrasonic sensors to control the traffic. The signal timing will be dynamically monitored and adjusted with traffic density within a region. This will give solution to control, monitor the traffic at every signal in a city

I—Decca for Helicopter Operations

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
J. G. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Along Track

For a number of years helicopter operations will mainly take place at operating altitudes between 500 and 2000 ft. Due to the inaccuracies of existing pressure altimeters vertical separation less than 1000 ft. cannot be applied and therefore maximum use will have to be made of lateral and longitudinal separation possibilities if the development of helicopter operations in high density areas is not to be impeded. As far as possible helicopter operations will be kept apart from fixed-wing traffic but this may be difficult to achieve in terminal areas where departing and arriving fixed-wing aircraft are at low altitude and the available airspace is restricted.It is, therefore, essential that the navigational aid on which air traffic control base safe separation should be one which enables the helicopter pilot to adhere strictly to his pre-determined track and also provides him with an accurate measurement of progress along track. Quite apart from the air traffic control aspect, since the helicopter flies low, frequently in poor horizontal visibility and low cloud-base conditions, accurate track keeping is essential from the standpoint of avoiding obstructions or high ground in the vicinity of the route. Accurate and solid coverage over a wide area at low altitude is therefore an important requirement of any helicopter aid system, particularly in a high traffic density area such as western Europe.

Advanced Tool for Railway Planning and Traffic Control Decision Making

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios Sanz Bobi ◽  
Ramo´n Gala´n Lo´pez ◽  
Jose´ Manuel Mera Sa´nchez de Pedro ◽  
Jorge Garzo´n Nu´n˜ez ◽  
Pedro Reyes de la Pen˜a
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
On Line ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Common Operation ◽  
Open Line ◽  
Operational Plan

This paper focuses on the difficulties noticed in Railway’s Decision Making processes according to schedule-making and to control tasks on the central operation post of principal railway lines. Traffic density, rail stations’ capacity and human criteria are main factors in order to develop and to obtain a useful tool for helping Railway Administrations in the decision making processes. In this sense, a tool is presented to operate off-line for planning and scheduling; and on-line for common operation on traffic central post. The architecture is oriented to save time in specific modules where operation tools are trained on different scenarios to solve particular ‘events’ which are defined to be critical for the line. The objective is the generation of an optimal operational plan to regulate the line with minimum train delay according to the characteristics of the line (stations, facilities) and vehicles. The results are proven useful for mass-transport, like underground, or open-line topologies with mixed traffic both passenger and freight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document