Measurement of Photoplythsmography signal for Heart Rate Variability and comparison of two different age groups

Attention has been concentrated on productivity in manufacturing settings with assembly line tasks being a common area of focus. Prolonged fatigue can occur during various assembly tasks both cognitively and physically. This can place a damper on efficiency and productivity for workers in manufacturing. Intercession can subsequently take place centered on reducing excessive workload tasks to assure a worker’s mental and physical thresholds are not contravened. Fatigue can be better understood by a person’s physiologic measures specifically their heart rate. Heart rate variability (HRV) which consists of calculations taken from each heartbeat can objectively quantify human capacity levels and the onset of fatigue. This study considers HRV during an assembly line task and compares differences in cardiac parameters between younger and older participants. The results obtained from this study were used to better understand the pattern of fatigue during the task at each segmented time interval. The HRV outcomes exhibited an index for each interval which gave the ability to make improved task demand decisions within the assembly line task. Statistical differences between age groups were also prominent which gave notion that workplace tasks should consider age classification when designing work structures for employees. This study assessed the potential function of HRV during a simulated task by examining the autonomic responses of the heart. The relationship between the autonomic nervous system to HRV was examined.

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Short-term Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Healthy Dogs of Different Ages

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.118578 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Luciene Maria Martinello Romão ◽

Amanda Sarita Cruz Aleixo ◽

Felipe Gazza Romão ◽

Mayra De Castro Ferreira Lima ◽

Miriam Tsunemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Frequency Domain ◽

Time Domain ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Other ◽

Short Term ◽

Heart Rate Monitor ◽

Rr Intervals ◽

Healthy Dogs

Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability (HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRS complexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing and that there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiac autonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain, using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympathetic predominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other 2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old), which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a natural tendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heart diseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understanding should be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups to serve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter RR intervals than the other groups (adult and elderly dogs), what was observed on Holter and heart rate monitor methods (HRM). There were significant differences between puppies and the other 2 groups (adults and elderly) for all time-domain variables using both methods (Holter and HRM methods). SDNN was significantly lower in puppies compared to adults and elderly dogs. In addition, both RMSSD and PNN50%, which were more reliable over shorter periods of time, also presented means and medians that were significantly lower in puppies. Regarding frequency-domain HRV parameters observed on Holter method, these indexes were decreased on the elderly group compared to adult dogs, which is a possible effect of aging. Also, puppies revealed lower frequency-domain HRV parameters on both methods when compared to adult dogs. The influence of age on HRV is possibly related to the stage of development of an individual, starting at conception up to the maturity in relation to the mechanisms that cause variations in HR. There are studies in humans that suggest a gradual increase in parasympathetic activity during childhood, followed by a steady decrease as aging occur. The present study observed the same pattern in dogs. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is influenced by age in dogs, which alters HRV values in the short-term. The HRV method´s analysis is relatively simple and non-invasive for assessing cardiac autonomic function; also, it is widely used in human medicine as a risk measure for sudden cardiac death. The 24-hour HRV analysis is highly challenging, as it is time-consuming, expensive, delays diagnosis, and has a large number of artifacts; in this way, standards for its short-term analysis were developed. Keywords: cardiology, autonomic nervous system, heart rate monitor, Holter.

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The dynamics of heart rate variability measures during mental load in different age groups

Biological Communications ◽

10.21638/spbu03.2015.308 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Anush Tumanyan ◽

Narine Tadevosyan ◽

Aleksandr Khachunts ◽

Ira Tadevosyan

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Age Group ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Mental Load ◽

Functional Capabilities ◽

Regulatory Systems

The features of heart rate variability before, during and after a brief mental load in three age groups (17–21, 22–35 and 36–60 years old) were studied. It is shown that for all groups during the mental load some tension of central regulatory mechanisms of heart is typical. The highest degree of tension is found in subjects from the III group (36–60 years old). In these subjects the recovery of regulatory systems up to the baseline took more time. These changes of regulatory systems that occur in older age group, most probably, are connected with a decrease of adaptive responses and some limitation of functional capabilities. Refs 16. Figs 2. Tables 2.

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The age-dependent relationship between resting heart rate variability and functional brain connectivity

10.1101/360909 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

D. Kumral ◽

H.L. Schaare ◽

F. Beyer ◽

J. Reinelt ◽

M. Uhlig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Age Groups ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Eigenvector Centrality ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Resting Heart Rate Variability

AbstractResting heart rate variability (HRV), an index of parasympathetic cardioregulation and an individual trait marker related to mental and physical health, decreases with age. Previous studies have associated resting HRV with structural and functional properties of the brain – mainly in cortical midline and limbic structures. We hypothesized that HRV may alter its relationship with brain structure and function across the adult lifespan. In 388 healthy subjects of three age groups (140 younger: 26.0±4.2 years, 119 middle-aged: 46.3±6.2 years, 129 older: 66.9±4.7 years), gray matter structure (voxel-based morphometry) and resting-state functional connectivity (eigenvector centrality mapping and exploratory seed-based functional connectivity) were related to resting HRV, measured as the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Confirming previous findings, resting HRV decreased with age. For HRV-related gray matter volume, there were no statistically significant differences between the age groups, nor similarities across all age groups. In whole-brain functional connectivity analyses, we found an age-dependent association between resting HRV and eigenvector centrality in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), driven by the younger adults. Across all age groups, HRV was positively correlated with network centrality in bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis using the vmPFC cluster revealed an HRV-related cortico-cerebellar network in younger but not in middle-aged or older adults. Our results indicate that the decrease of HRV with age is accompanied by changes in functional connectivity along the cortical midline. This extends our knowledge of brain-body interactions and their changes over the lifespan.

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Somatic, Endurance Performance and Heart Rate Variability Profiles of Professional Soccer Players Grouped According to Age

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2016-0035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michal Botek ◽

Jakub Krejčí ◽

Andrew J. McKune ◽

Iva Klimešová

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Age Groups ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Performance Determinants

AbstractThis cross-sectional study compared somatic, endurance performance determinants and heart rate variability (HRV) profiles of professional soccer players divided into different age groups: GI (17–19.9 years; n = 23), GII (20–24.9 years; n = 45), GIII (25–29.9 years; n = 30), and GIV (30–39 years; n = 26). Players underwent somatic and HRV assessment and maximal exercise testing. HRV was analyzed by spectral analysis of HRV, and high (HF) and low (LF) frequency power was transformed by a natural logarithm (Ln). Players in GIV (83 ± 7 kg) were heavier (p < 0.05) compared to both GI (73 ± 6 kg), and GII (78 ± 6 kg). Significantly lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, ml•kg-1•min-1) was observed for GIV (56.6 ± 3.8) compared to GI (59.6 ± 3.9), GII (59.4 ± 4.2) and GIV (59.7 ± 4.1). All agegroups, except for GII, demonstrated comparable relative maximal power output (Pmax). For supine HRV, significantly lower Ln HF (ms2) was identified in both GIII (7.1 ± 0.8) and GIV (6.9 ± 1.0) compared to GI (7.9 ± 0.6) and GII (7.7 ± 0.9). In conclusion, soccer players aged >25 years showed negligible differences in Pmax unlike the age group differences demonstrated in VO2max. A shift towards relative sympathetic dominance, particularly due to reduced vagal activity, was apparent after approximately 8 years of competing at the professional level.

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Age, Gender and Fractal Scaling in Heart Rate Variability

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0930299 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 299-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kuniaki Otsuka ◽

Germaine Cornelissen ◽

Franz Halberg

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Time Lag ◽

Age Groups ◽

Internal Variables ◽

Fractal Scaling ◽

Correlation Integral ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Male Subjects

1. The fractal scaling of heart rate variability, gauged by the correlation dimension (CD), is hypothesized to be characterized by a time structure (chronome), which in health shows differences as a function of gender and age. 2. From 24 h Holter records of 44 clinically healthy male subjects in four age groups (5–10, 20–25, 40–45 and 60–65 years; n = 11 in each group), 500 s sections at 4 h intervals for 24 h were analysed for smoothed R-R intervals sampled at 4 Hz. Using an algorithm modified from Grassberger and Procaccia (Physica D 1983; 9: 189–208), the correlation integral was estimated for embedding dimensions from 1 to 20 with a 1.0 s time lag for each section. Nightly (02.00 hours-06.00 hours) ECG records were similarly analysed in 72 additional clinically healthy subjects of both genders, 5–70 years of age. The single cosinor assessed the circadian characteristics; one- and two-way analyses of variance and linear regression were used to examine changes as a function of gender and age. 3. The 24 h average of CD is largest in the 20–25-year-old men and decreases with age thereafter (P < 0.05). These changes apply in particular to the nightly CD values, which are higher in female than in male subjects (P < 0.001). Increasing age is associated with a decrease in the amplitude and an advance in the phase of the circadian rhythm in CD (P < 0.05). 4. A chaotic end-point from fractal scaling, yielding a non-linear index, such as the correlation integral, undergoes a circadian rhythm and changes with gender and age. This assessment in the chronome represents an added diagnostic tool in cardiology, and provides new end-points for the study of coherence among internal variables of autonomic mechanisms and of influences by external environmental variables upon them.

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Age and autonomic effects on interrelationships between lung volume and heart rate

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.5.h1833 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (5) ◽

pp. H1833-H1840 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. Stanley ◽

D. Verotta ◽

N. Craft ◽

R. A. Siegel ◽

J. B. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Lung Volume ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Transfer Functions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Power Spectra ◽

Age Related ◽

Older Subjects

To determine effects of aging and autonomic input on interrelationships between respiratory and heart rate variability, we collected 5 min of lung volume of R-R interval data from 7 young [27 +/- 3(SD) yr] and 10 older (69 +/- 6 yr) healthy supine humans before and after double pharmacological autonomic blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg iv) and atropine (0.04 mg/kg iv). Estimates of respiratory and heart rate power spectra and linear transfer functions between the two groups were generated by Fourier analysis. Age, double blockade effects, the age-drug interactions were determined by analysis of variance for repeated measures. Basal R-R intervals were unaffected by age. Double blockade decreased R-R intervals and variability in both age groups (P < 0.0001), but R-R intervals decreased less in older than in young subjects (P < 0.0001). In contrast, basal respiratory intervals and standard deviation were greater in older subjects (P = 0.05) and were unaffected by double blockade in young and older subjects. Lung volume-to-heart rate spectral coherence was highest at frequencies associated with respiration and greater in young than in older subjects (P < 0.07). Double blockade decreased lung volume-to-heart rate variability transfer function magnitude (P < 0.007) and increased phase angle (P < 0.02) without age effects or age-drug interactions. In conclusion, heart rate, respiration, and respiration-heart rate interrelations are altered by aging, and double autonomic pharmacological blockade does not eliminate all age-related differences.

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Acclimation to a thermoneutral environment abolishes age-associated alterations in heart rate and heart rate variability in conscious, unrestrained mice

GeroScience ◽

10.1007/s11357-019-00126-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 217-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessie E. Axsom ◽

Alay P. Nanavati ◽

Carolyn A. Rutishauser ◽

Janet E. Bonin ◽

Jack M. Moen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Age Groups ◽

Temperature Acclimation ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Brown Adipose

AbstractMice are among the most widely used translational models of cardiovascular aging and offer a method to quickly assess lifespan changes in a controlled environment. The standard laboratory temperature (20–22 °C), however, imposes a cold stress on mice that causes an increase in sympathetic nervous system–mediated activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to maintain a core body temperature of 36–37 °C. Thus, while physiologic data obtained recapitulate human physiology to a certain degree, interpretations of previous research in mice may have been contaminated by a cold stress, due to housing mice below their thermoneutral zone (30 °C). The purpose of this investigation was to examine how chronic sympathetic stimulation evoked by acclimation to 20 °C might obscure interpretation of changes in autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) that accompany advancing age. HR and HRV before and after administration of a dual-autonomic blockade were measured via in-vivo ECG in young (3 months) and aged (30 months) male C57BL/6 telemetry-implanted mice following temperature acclimation for 3 days at 30 °C or 20 °C. Mean basal and intrinsic HR of both young and aged mice became markedly reduced at 30 °C compared to 20 °C. In both age groups, HRV parameters in time, frequency, and non-linear domains displayed increased variability at 30 °C compared to 20 °C under basal conditions. Importantly, age-associated declines in HRV observed at 20 °C were ameliorated when mice were studied at their thermoneutral ambient temperature of 30 °C. Thus, an accurate understanding of autonomic modulation of cardiovascular functions in mice of advanced age requires that they are housed in a metabolically neutral environment.

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