Linear-time diagram: A set visualisation technique for personal visualisation to understand social interactions over time

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan ◽  
Donato Pirozzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Time Diagram ◽  
Visualisation Technique ◽  
Over Time

Neighbourhood places, collective efficacy and crime: A longitudinal perspective

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110088
Author(s):  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Anthony Kimpton ◽  
Rebecca Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Over Time

Neighbourhood places like shops, cafes and parks support a variety of social interactions ranging from the ephemeral to the intimate. Repeated interactions at neighbourhood places over time lay the foundation for the development of social cohesion and collective efficacy. In this study, we examine the proposition that changes in the presence or arrangement of neighbourhood places can destabilise social cohesion and collective efficacy, which has implications for crime. Using spatially integrated crime, social survey and parcel-level land-use classification data, we estimate mixed effects panel models predicting changes in theft and nuisance crimes across 147 Australian neighbourhoods. The findings are consistent with neighbourhood social control and crime opportunity theories. Neighbourhood development – indicated by fewer vacant properties and fewer industrial and agricultural sites – is associated with higher collective efficacy and less crime over time. Conversely, introducing more restaurants, transit stations and cinemas is associated with higher theft and nuisance over time regardless of neighbourhood collective efficacy. We argue that the addition of socially conducive places can leave neighbourhoods vulnerable to crime until new patterns of sociability emerge and collective efficacy develops.

Time and Uncertainty in Elizabeth Bishop's Poems

KronoScope ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Bush
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBishop's poems often link the sense of time to specific emotional tones and levels of awareness of varying degrees. In particular, the poems demonstrate not only the forward movement of linear time, but also the merger of present and past to brighten feelings of loss and to provide a sense of security that counters feelings of uncertainty common in a world where change occurs over time. Feelings of anxiety over loss and uncertainty reside in the poems, but at the same time, a positive feeling of well-being (outright joy or peace and solace) surfaces as the speaker intertwines comforting pleasant past moments with her anxious present, making the past and present indistinguishable and creating an unclear sense of time.

Caregiving in quarantine: Humor styles, reframing, and psychological well-being among parents of children with disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110435
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Over Time

Prior research links adaptive humor styles (affiliative and self-enhancing) with enhanced psychological well-being and maladaptive humor styles (aggressive and self-defeating) with worse psychological well-being, primarily through humor styles’ influence on individuals’ social interactions and efforts to positively reframe stressors. The present study examined the unique relation of each humor style with psychological well-being with a focus on understanding mechanisms of adjustment under highly stressful conditions. Ninety-nine parents of children with disabilities were surveyed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in March 2020, and 79 parents completed follow-up surveys in July 2020. As predicted, at T1, self-enhancing humor was associated with less psychological distress and greater family satisfaction, self-defeating humor was associated with greater distress, and aggressive humor was associated with lower family satisfaction. Moreover, affiliative humor predicted decreased psychological distress over time, whereas self-defeating humor predicted increased psychological distress and decreased family satisfaction over time. Relations were largely mediated by caregiver positive reappraisal, family efforts to reframe daily disability-related challenges, and negative social interactions. Future research should further examine the influence of caregiver humor styles on family dynamics, family reframing norms, and caregiving efficacy.

scholarly journals Sliding Window Temporal Graph Coloring

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 7667-7674 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Mertzios ◽  
Hendrik Molter ◽  
Viktor Zamaraev
Keyword(s):  
Graph Coloring ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Planning And Scheduling ◽  
Coloring Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temporal Graph ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Graph coloring is one of the most famous computational problems with applications in a wide range of areas such as planning and scheduling, resource allocation, and pattern matching. So far coloring problems are mostly studied on static graphs, which often stand in stark contrast to practice where data is inherently dynamic and subject to discrete changes over time. A temporal graph is a graph whose edges are assigned a set of integer time labels, indicating at which discrete time steps the edge is active. In this paper we present a natural temporal extension of the classical graph coloring problem. Given a temporal graph and a natural number ∆, we ask for a coloring sequence for each vertex such that (i) in every sliding time window of ∆ consecutive time steps, in which an edge is active, this edge is properly colored (i.e. its endpoints are assigned two different colors) at least once during that time window, and (ii) the total number of different colors is minimized. This sliding window temporal coloring problem abstractly captures many realistic graph coloring scenarios in which the underlying network changes over time, such as dynamically assigning communication channels to moving agents. We present a thorough investigation of the computational complexity of this temporal coloring problem. More specifically, we prove strong computational hardness results, complemented by efficient exact and approximation algorithms. Some of our algorithms are linear-time fixed-parameter tractable with respect to appropriate parameters, while others are asymptotically almost optimal under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH).

Engaging a community through social media-based topics and interactions

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Kavanaugh ◽  
Ziqian Song
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Social Graphs ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Over Time

Social media collected over time using keywords, hashtags and accounts associated with a particular geographic community might reflect that community’s main events, topics of discussion, and social interactions. We are interested in evidence for the support of community involvement that the aggregated Web pages and social media might help to create. We collected and analyzed Twitter data related to a geographic area over a two-year period to identify and characterize relevant topics and social interactions, and to evaluate the support for community involvement that such Twitter use might indicate. This kind of data collection has built-in biases, of course, just as local print media or online newsgroups do. We analyzed our data using the open source tool NodeXL to identify topics and their changes over time, and to create social graphs based on retweets and @ mentions that suggest interactions around topics. Our findings show: 1) distinct topics; 2) large and small clusters of social interactions around a variety of topics; 3) patterns suggesting what are called ‘community clusters’ and ‘tight crowd’ types of conversations; and, 4) evidence that Twitter supports local community involvement among users. Modeling topics over time and displaying visualizations of social interactions around different topics in a community can offer insights into the important events and issues during a given period. Such visualizations also reveal hidden (or obscure) topics due to a smaller number of participants — whether government representatives, voluntary associations, or citizens. There is clear evidence that Twitter supports social interaction and informal discussion or exchange around local topics among users, thereby facilitating community involvement.

scholarly journals Chimpanzees trust conspecifics to engage in low-cost reciprocity

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1801) ◽  
pp. 20142803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Engelmann ◽  
Esther Herrmann ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Many of humans' most important social interactions rely on trust, including most notably among strangers. But little is known about the evolutionary roots of human trust. We presented chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) with a modified version of the human trust game—trust in reciprocity—in which subjects could opt either to obtain a small but safe reward on their own or else to send a larger reward to a partner and trust her to reciprocate a part of the reward that she could not access herself. In a series of three studies, we found strong evidence that in interacting with a conspecific, chimpanzees show spontaneous trust in a novel context; flexibly adjust their level of trust to the trustworthiness of their partner and develop patterns of trusting reciprocity over time. At least in some contexts then, trust in reciprocity is not unique to humans, but rather has its evolutionary roots in the social interactions of humans' closest primate relatives.

Time course for the formation of a stable social hierarchy in group-housed sows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
D.S. Arey ◽  
W.G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Over Time

The mixing of unfamiliar sows usually results in fighting which determines relative social rank. In some situations aggression can be perpetuated and subordinate animals can suffer as a result of competition for resources such as feed and space. Although Moore et al (1993) suggested that newly introduced group members become fully integrated after 21 days there have been few studies which have examined the development of social interactions over the longer term. The aim of the experiment was to determine how social behaviour changed over time and the affects that this may have on the welfare of group-housed sows.

Canada Dry or High Times?: A Historiographical Look at Drugs and Alcohol in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (s2) ◽  
pp. s339-s363
Author(s):  
Erika Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social History ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Over Time

Drugs and alcohol have been featured in Canadian history as critical commodities that influenced legal decisions, social interactions, medical options, and even trade decisions. Canadian historians have examined alcohol, drugs, temperance reformers, and intoxicated Canadians in ways that deepen our understanding of how mind-altering products have influenced our Canadian values and how those ideas have changed over time. In this historiographical article, I examine how Canadian historians have responded to trends in historical scholarship that embrace a focus on social history, labour, women, medicine, colonialism, and culture. I argue that alcohol and drugs are ubiquitous in these historiographical shifts but that the uneven pace of decriminalizing intoxication has also led to new sources of information, new historical voices, and perhaps the need to rethink how our attitudes towards psychoactivity have affected our understanding of Canadian history.

QUEUING, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, AND THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH HORST ◽  
CHRISTIAN ROTHE
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Approximation ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Over Time

We consider an agent-based model of financial markets with asynchronous order arrival in continuous time. Buying and selling orders arrive in accordance with a Poisson dynamics where the order rates depend both on past prices and on the mood of the market. The agents form their demand for an asset on the basis of their forecasts of future prices and their forecasting rules may change over time as a result of the influence of other traders. Among the possible rules are “chartist” or extrapolatory rules. We prove that when chartists are in the market, and with choice of scaling, the dynamics of asset prices can be approximated by an ordinary delay differential equation. The fluctuations around the first-order approximation follow an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck dynamics with delay in a random environment of investor sentiment.

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