Optimization research of the circulating water consumption based on stage-wise superstructure algorithm

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Dong ◽  
Junfang Li ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Chenguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Circulating Water

INNOVATIVE WATER SUPPLY METHODS OF SMALL COMMUNITIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4S) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Vyachaslav N ZENCOV ◽  
Vladimir D NAZAROV ◽  
Irina V LAPSHAKOVA ◽  
Venera F IMILOVA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Circulating Water System

The paper shows the effective way of water supply and water drainage of small communities which consists in the reuse of purified sewage for irrigation purposes. A circulating water system has been developed which has some advantages due to a more simple technological scheme, lower drinking water consumption from the source and the use of biogenic elements of sewage water.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of the washing water solution after washing the wheelsets of railway transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Bezzubov ◽  
◽  
Olga A. Golovanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of economic and industrial water consumption on the state of the hydrosphere and biosphere of the Earth, and also presents the water consumption in Russia, the share of the country's water resources consumed per year and the forecast of water consumption at the end of 2020. The classification of modern methods of wastewater treatment, including in railway depots, is considered. The water consumption and the proportion of circulating water at railway enterprises are analyzed in detail, as well as the most used methods of purification of the used detergent solution (DS) in the enterprise are presented. The description of the work presents the key characteristics of the DS after washing the wheelsets of railway transport, such as pH, total hardness, density and permanganate oxidizability. The data obtained were compared with the requirements (2.1.4.1074-01) and concluded that the water was unsuitable for further operation due to a significant excess of the norm for permanganate oxidizability. The effect of long-term sedimentation of the studied DS was investigated, after which DS was successfully separated into an aqueous phase, an organic phase, a black amorphous organic precipitate, and a yellow amorphous precipitate. The influence of a direct electric current, conducted through the solution at room temperature on carbon electrodes, was studied for a time of 30 minutes, one and three hours. The influence of changes in the pH of the DS medium with subsequent settling was studied. The results of chemical purification of the water under study with such coagulants as ammonium polymolybdate and bismuth(III) salts, the latter of which made it possible to precipitate phosphate ions from solution, are presented. A qualitative reaction with the use of ammonium thiocyanate proved the content of iron(III) ions in the test solution.

Industrial Water Consumption as an Indicator of Sustainable Development: Countries, Regions, Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
V.R. Bityukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The article is devoted to the assessment of current trends in water use in Russia. The statistical poly-scale approach revealed that as a result of a significant reduction in water consumption during the crisis of the 1990s, Russia ranked among developed countries in terms of water intensity. However, the rate of decline slowed down, and industrial water consumption was reduced the least. That determines regional proportions and regional dynamics. In most regions of Russia the specific water consumption decreases. Unstable trends are observed in two polar types of regions: oil and gas regions and the republics of the North Caucasus, largely due to the low share of circulating water supply. Cities are more efficient than regions. For large cities, there is an inverse relationship between per capita water consumption and the population of the city.

Operation intensification methods of aggressive industrial sewage neutralization facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
N. S. Tsarev ◽  
V. I. Aksenov ◽  
I. I. Nichkova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Sediment Treatment ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Industrial Sewage

To neutralize the waste pickling solutions and rinsing water, resulting from cleaning metal products s surface of rust by acids solutions, lime is used. Being cheap, this method of sewage neutralization has considerable drawbacks. Forming in the technological pipes strong gypsum depositions and low specific productivity of the equipment for sediment dewatering are most significant of them. Characteristic of aggressive industrial sewage, formed at pickling of ferrous metals presented. Methods of elimination of drawbacks of industrial sewage neutralization by lime considered, including stabilization of neutralized industrial sewage and control of properties of the sediment formed. It was noted, that stability of the circulating water can be provided by accelerating of crystallization of the forming gypsum sediments by introducing in it fine priming powder and heating the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С followed by thermal softening of a part of circulating water, removed out of the circulating system. It was shown, that the heating of the water and the ongoing changes of the composition and properties of the sediment result in decrease of filtration resistance 2-3 folds, increase of deposition speed 3-4 folds and decrease the sediment volume 1.5-2 folds comparing with lime neutralization in cold water. Calculated dozes of lime at the heating were taken the same as at the regular lime neutralization. Elimination of the circulating water oversaturation by bi-water gypsum can be reached also by addition into the water of powder-like gypsum pulp - priming powder for microcrystals of the gypsum, followed by aeration during 30-40 min. This method was tested under industrial conditions. Technological properties of the forming sediment can be improved by sediment treatment by flocculants and preliminary heating of the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С. Control of technological properties of the sediment is done by addition of flocculants and heating of the neutralized water. Recommendations for improving operation of the neutralization facilities presented with indicating particular technological parameters of the equipment operation for sewage and sediment treatment. 

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

ESTIMATION OF CONSUMPTIVE USE OF POTATO CROP PIANTED UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY USING SWRT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
J.N. Abedalrahman ◽  
R.J. Mansor ◽  
D.R. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Spring Season

A field experiment was carried out in the field of the College of Agriculture / University of Wasit, located on longitude  45o   50o   33.5o   East and latitude 32o 29o 49.8o North, in Spring season of the agricultural season 2019, in order to estimate the water consumption of potato crop using SWRT technology and under the drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments that include of the SWRT treatment (the use of plastic films under the plant root area in an engineering style), and the treatment of vegetal fertilizer (using Petmos), organic fertilizer (sheep manure), and the control treatment . Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)  var. Burin was planted for spring season on 10/2/2019 at the soil depth of 5-10 cm. The highest reference water consumption for the potato crop during the season was calculated by Najeeb Kharufa, which was 663.03 mm. The highest actual water consumption for the potato crop during the season for the control treatment was 410.1 mm. The results showed increase in the values of the crop coefficient (Kc) in the stages of tubers formation and tubers filling stage as compared to the vegetative and ripening stages, ranged from 1.37-1.92 for the two stages of tubers formation and tubers filling. The SWRT treatment gave the highest water use efficiency during the season, was 3.46 kg m-3 .

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