The Design and FPGA Verification of a General Structure, Area-optimized Interpolation Filter Used in /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ DAC

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Huang ◽  
Yan Han ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Interpolation Filter ◽  
Fpga Verification

Cloning of the Rat Tissue Factor cDNA and Promoter: Identification of a Serum-response Region

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Taby ◽  
Claire-Lise Rosenfield ◽  
Vladimir Bogdanov ◽  
Yale Nemerson ◽  
Mark B Taubman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Tf Gene ◽  
Rat Tissue ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transcriptional Elements

SummaryTissue factor (TF) initiates coagulation and its expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) likely plays a role in the propagation of arterial thrombosis. We report cloning the cDNA and proximal promoter region of the rat TF gene. While maintaining the general structure and organization of the TF molecule, there is a surprising divergence (≈ 18%) between the derived amino acid sequences of the rat and mouse TF. In contrast, there is striking similarity (90%) in the 5’ untranslated regions. High levels of basal promoter activity were seen in rat VSMC with constructs containing 106 bp of sequence downstream from the putative transcription start site and 426 to 103 bp of upstream sequence. Deletion of the sequence from −103 to −79, containing a single SP1 site, removed virtually all of the basal and serum-induced activity. Removal of the NFkB site or two additional upstream SP1 sites had little effect on serum responsiveness. Removal of the 5’ untranslated region abolished most of the basal activity of the TF promoter, suggesting that its high degree of conservation may be due to the presence of transcriptional elements critical for TF expression in rodent VSMC.

"GENERAL STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GEOKHOD CONTROL SYSTEM "

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V.V. Aksenov ◽  
◽  
I.V. Chicherin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
General Structure

THE CORRELATION POVERTY – DEVIANT BEHAVIOR – SOCIAL EXCLUSION (SAMPLE MODEL OF A SEMINAR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Toni Manasieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Social Activities

The article presents an example model of a seminar on the topic of the connection between three phenomena: poverty, deviant behavior, social exclusion. Taking into account the general parameters valid for the whole community, the attention is focused on the specific dimensions in children. The general structure follows the logic: from the identification of the problem in its essence, through its causal connection, to the approaches to dealing with it. The possibilities and limitations in principle and in individual cases that affect the analysis and methodological decisions are taken into account – e.g. some popular stereotypes and prejudices. The model can be used both in the form of the above – in the training of students – future specialists in pedagogy and social activities, as well as for work with current specialists in practice.

Pharmacoepidemiological Analysis of Pharmacotherapy for Burn Injuries in Real Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Olga Vyacheslavovna Zhukova ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Nekaeva ◽  
Elena Sergeevna Khoroshavina ◽  
Ekaterina Alexeevna Kozlova ◽  
Yulia Alexandrovna Dudukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Real Clinical Practice

Objective: to conduct pharmacoepidemiological analysis and analysis of the costs of pharmacotherapy, taking into account the actual consumption of drugs in the real inpatient clinical practice at the federal center in Russia. Materials and methods. Data from the medical records of 14 patients with burn injury, who were hospitalized in 2018, was analyzed. Patients’ age was from 23 to 67 years (44,93 ± 14,66). Duration of hospitalization was from 17 to 62 days (35,93 ± 14,17). We calculated rate of prescription foe each drug and its share in general structure of all utilized drug courses (n = 460). We performed frequency analysis of prescription structure, DDD (defined daily doses) analysis, DU90% (Drug Utilization 90%) analysis, ABC-analysis and analysis of average cost of pharmacotherapy. Results. Most frequently used drugs, prescribed in 75-100% of all hospital cases, included 15 names, e.g. 2 antimicrobial drugs (vancomycin and amikacin), 19 were used commonly, including 4 antimicrobial drugs (co-trimoxazole, cefoperazone/sulbactam, tigecyclin and cefepime). Other drugs were used in less than 25% of cases. 33 drugs made 90% of all consumed NDDD, including 5 antimicrobial drugs (vancomycin, amikacin, co-trimoxazole, cefoperazone/sulbactam and tigecyclin). These drugs comprised 70,24% in the prescription structure. The cost of one DDD in DU90% segments (512,33 rubles) is 1,4 higher than in DU10% segment (649,34 rubles). Average cost of drugs included in DU90% group was 4735,89 rubles vs 4966,80 rubles for drugs from DU10% group. This finding shows positive tendency of burn injuries pharmacological treatment. Conclusion. We obtained the data, which can be used for comparison of real clinical practice costs with a current payment rates for medical care.

Assessment of bioenergy development potential in agricultural enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Iryna Hryhoruk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential

Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.

СИСТЕМЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ ДАННЫХ С УЧЕТОМ АППАРАТНО-ПРОГРАММНОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
А.Г. Зуев ◽  
С.С. Махов
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Проведен краткий обзор структуры систем хранения данных в развитии от традиционных подходов до технологий, определивших современный вид систем хранения данных. Рассмотрены обобщенная структура и разновидности ее компонентов. Выделены основные требования, определяющие подходы к проектированию систем хранения данных. The paper presents a brief survey of data storage systems in its evolution from traditional approaches to technologies which have defined actual types of data storage. Besides, it considers a general structure and variety of its components, and lists main requirements defining design approaches.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham A. Singer
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Normative Analysis ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Key Features

This chapter introduces the main argument of the book, describing key concepts such as the idea of “norm-governed productivity,” the use of norms to structure cooperation instead of prices. It then defines the concept of the corporation, describing the institution’s key features, and lays out the general structure of the book. Finally, it considers some conceptual and methodological issues that frame the rest of the book: the distinction between economic and political approaches, and the problem of trying to subsume the topic wholly into one or the other; and an argument for why a normative analysis of the corporation has to take certain features of markets and capitalism for granted.

scholarly journals The ultra-violet spectrum of magnesium hydride. 1.—The band at λ 2430

1929 ◽  
Vol 122 (790) ◽  
pp. 442-455 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Magnesium Hydride ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
Band Spectra ◽  
Electronic Energy Levels

The system of bands in the visible region of the emission spectrum of magnesium hydride is now well known. The bands with heads at λλ 5622, 5211, 4845 were first measured by Prof. A. Fowler, who arranged many of the strongest lines in empirical series for identification with absorption lines in the spectra of sun-spots. Later, Heurlinger rearranged these series in the now familiar form of P, Q and R branches, and considered them, with the OH group, as typical of doublet systems in his classification of the fine structure of bands. More recently, W. W. Watson and P. Rudnick have remeasured these bands, using the second order of a 21-foot concave grating, and have carried out a further investigation of the fine structure in the light of the present theory of band spectra. Their detection of an isotope effect of the right order of magnitude, considered with the general structure of the system, and the experimental work on the production of the spectrum, seems conclusive in assigning these bands to the diatomic molecule MgH. The ultra-violet spectrum of magnesium hydride is not so well known. The band at λ 2430 and the series of double lines in the region λ 2940 to λ 3100, which were recorded by Prof. Fowler in 1909 as accompanying the group of bands in the visible region, appear to have undergone no further investigation. In view of the important part played by hydride band spectra in the correlation of molecular and atomic electronic energy levels, it was thought that a study of these features might prove of interest in yielding further information on the energy states of the MgH molecule. The present paper deals with observations on the band at λ 2430; details of an investigation of the other features of the ultra-violet spectrum will be given in a later communication.

New insights on Laminaria digitata ultrastructure through combined conventional chemical fixation and cryofixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Katsaros ◽  
Sophie Le Panse ◽  
Gillian Milne ◽  
Carl J. Carrano ◽  
Frithjof Christian Küpper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The objective of the present study is to examine the fine structure of vegetative cells of Laminaria digitata using both chemical fixation and cryofixation. Laminaria digitata was chosen due to its importance as a model organism in a wide range of biological studies, as a keystone species on rocky shores of the North Atlantic, its use of iodide as a unique inorganic antioxidant, and its significance as a raw material for the production of alginate. Details of the fine structural features of vegetative cells are described, with particular emphasis on the differences between the two methods used, i.e. conventional chemical fixation and freeze-fixation. The general structure of the cells was similar to that already described, with minor differences between the different cell types. An intense activity of the Golgi system was found associated with the thick external cell wall, with large dictyosomes from which numerous vesicles and cisternae are released. An interesting type of cisternae was found in the cryofixed material, which was not visible with the chemical fixation. These are elongated structures, in sections appearing tubule-like, close to the external cell wall or to young internal walls. An increased number of these structures was observed near the plasmodesmata of the pit fields. They are similar to the “flat cisternae” found associated with the forming cytokinetic diaphragm of brown algae. Their possible role is discussed. The new findings of this work underline the importance of such combined studies which reveal new data not known until now using the old conventional methods. The main conclusion of the present study is that cryofixation is the method of choice for studying Laminaria cytology by transmission electron microscopy.

Structural and Genetic Aspects of Proline-rich Proteins

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bennick
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
Made In

Considerable advances have been made in the genetics of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRP). The genes for acidic, basic, and glycosylated PRP have been cloned. They code for precursor proteins that all have an acidic N-terminal followed by proline-rich repeat sequences. Structural studies on secreted proteins have demonstrated that not only acidic but also some basic PRPs have this general structure. It is possible that mRNA for different PRP may have originated from a single gene by differential mRNA splicing, but post-translational cleavages of the primary translation product apparently also occur. In vitro translation of salivary gland mRNA results in a single precursor protein for acidic PRP. Such in vitro translated protein can be cleaved by salivary kallikrein, giving rise to two commonly secreted acidic PRPs, and kallikrein or kallikrein-like enzymes may be responsible for other post-translational cleavages of PRPs. Acidic as well as some basic PRPs are phosphorylated. A protein kinase has been demonstrated in salivary glands which phosphorylates the PRPs and other secreted salivary proteins in a cAMP and Ca2+-calmodulinindependent manner. Knowledge of the conformation of PRPs is limited. There is no conclusive evidence of polyproline-like structure in the proline-rich part of PRPs. Ca2+ binding studies on acidic PRPs indicate that there is interaction between the Ca2+ binding N-terminal end and the proline-rich C-terminal part. This interaction is relieved by modification of arginine side-chains. 1H, 32P, and 43Ca NMR studies have further elucidated the conformation of acidic PRPs in solution. Present evidence shows that salivary PRPs constitute a unique superfamily of proteins which pose a number of interesting questions concerning gene structure, pre- and post-translational modifications, and protein conformation.

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