Value Of Statewide Clinical Databases To Estimate Parasitic Infection Prevalence

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Ortiz ◽  
N. Schupf ◽  
D. Kapell ◽  
M. Kiely ◽  
R.D. Rudelli
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Clinical Databases

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections and Assessment of Deworming Program among Cattle and Buffaloes in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Dimuthu Niroshana ◽  
Deepika Amarasinghe ◽  
Lahiru Udayanga
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Difference

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection is a serious issue in cattle management. The effects of GI parasites may vary with age, sex of cattle, nutritional condition, and severity of infection. Prevalence of GI parasites among cattle population in Gampaha District has not been studied and there is no published study available. A total of 45 farms rearing cattle were selected randomly in three areas, namely, Kelaniya, Ganemulla, and Welisara, under three Veterinary Surgeon Divisions (VSD) in Gampaha District (Mahara, Gampaha, and Welisara). Freshly voided cattle fecal samples were collected randomly from the selected farms during March 2017–December 2017. Out of 163 cattle and buffaloes examined, 13.39% (n=22) were positive for eggs of one or more species of GI parasites. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in buffaloes (31.25%, 5/16) as compared to that of cows (11.56%, 21/147), but the difference was not significant (P >0.05). Hookworms (Bunostomum spp.), whipworms (Trichuris spp.), digenetic trematodes (Paramphistomum spp.), cestodes (Moniezia spp.), and oocysts of protozoans (coccidians) were found during the study. The nontreated animals indicated the highest percentage of parasitic infections accounting for 46.67% (n= 14), followed by partially treated individuals (15.15%, n= 5). GI parasite prevalence in males was higher when compared to that of females, but the difference was nonsignificant (P >0.05). General Linear Modelling (GLM) revealed that the effect of treatment status was significantly associated with the prevalence of GI parasites. The calves and yearlings had the highest rate of GI parasitic infections. The highest infection rate was observed at Kelaniya, followed by Welisara. Future investigations are necessary to evaluate the economic impact of GI parasites in the study areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites on Beef Cattle in Jombang District

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Melda Mufidatul Ifqiyyah ◽  
Boedi Setiawan ◽  
Agus Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Feces Sample ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Protozoan Infections

The disease that is quite detrimental to cattle is gastrointestinal parasitic infection. Gastrointestinal parasites infect the cattle by taking host nutrients that would caused emaciation, lethargy, and decreased productivity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Jombang District. This research was conducted in July to August 2019 with 100 samples of cattle feces. Sample examinations were carried out in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Universitas Airlangga using the sedimentation and floating methods. Detection of parasites in all samples using microscope with magnification of 100x and 400x. On examination, several types of parasites were found included Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara vitulorum, Oesophagostomum spp., Moniezia expansa, Blastocystis spp. and Eimeria spp. The results of this study were found the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites on beef cattle in Jombang district was 35% with a worm infection prevalence of 15% and protozoan infections of 20%.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infection: prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practices among schoolchildren in an urban area of Taiz city, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-777
Author(s):  
Talal Alharazi ◽  
◽  
Omar AA Bamaga ◽  
Nazeh Al-Abd ◽  
Jerold C Alcantara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection

scholarly journals Prevalence and Burden of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Stray Cattle of Kathmandu Valley

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigyan Thapa ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Pitambar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Helminth Infections

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are ubiquitous among cattle resulting severe infection. Prevalence of GIPs in stray street cattle may pose risk of dissemination of parasites of zoonotic importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of GIPs in stray cattle of Kathmandu valley. Hundred (n=100) freshly voided dung samples were collected from eight places. The samples were processed using concentration method for microscopic examination, and modified McMaster technique for quantification of mean eggs/oocysts per gram of feces (EPG/OPG). Results revealed that 72% of the cattle were found positive for one or more species of GIPs and nine genera of GIPs were recorded (Eimeria, Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Capillaria, Trichuris, Toxocara, Fasciola and Paramphistomum). The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in male (73.68%) than in female (69.76%). The prevalence was found to be highest in adults (63.89%) followed by heifers (27.78%) and calves (8.33%). Approximately 76% of the cross breed and 65% local breed of cattle were positive for parasitic infection. The parasites differed both in prevalence and intensity, Eimeria sp. being the most prevalent (27%) with highest intensity (858.02 OPG ±63.46 SD). To our information, this is the first research of its kind in relation to stray cattle in Nepal. Our findings reveal that there is burden of helminth infections of zoonotic and socioeconomic importance in the straycattle. Therefore, it warrants regular inspection, relevant preventive measures and molecular detection of parasites.

scholarly journals Do fish get wasted? Assessing the influence of effluents on parasitic infection of wild fish

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christyn Bailey ◽  
Aurélie Rubin ◽  
Nicole Strepparava ◽  
Helmut Segner ◽  
Jean-François Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
The Impact

Many ecosystems are influenced simultaneously by multiple stressors. One important environmental stressor is aquatic pollution via wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. WWTP effluents may contribute to eutrophication or contain anthropogenic contaminants that directly and/or indirectly influence aquatic wildlife. Both eutrophication and exposure to anthropogenic contaminants may affect the dynamics of fish-parasite systems. With this in mind, we studied the impact of WWTP effluents on infection of brown trout by the parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). PKD is associated with the long-term decline of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Switzerland. We investigated PKD infection of brown trout at two adjacent sites (≈400 m apart) of a Swiss river. The sites are similar in terms of ecology except that one site receives WWTP effluents. We evaluated the hypothesis that fish inhabiting the effluent site will show greater susceptibility to PKD in terms of prevalence and disease outcome. We assessed susceptibility by (i) infection prevalence, (ii) parasite intensity, (iii) host health in terms of pathology, and (iv) estimated apparent survival rate. At different time points during the study, significant differences between sites concerning all measured parameters were found, thus providing evidence of the influence of effluents on parasitic infection of fish in our study system. However, from these findings we cannot determine if the effluent has a direct influence on the fish host via altering its ability to manage the parasite, or indirectly on the parasite or the invertebrate host via increasing bryozoa (the invertebrate host) reproduction. On a final note, the WWTP adhered to all national guidelines and the effluent only resulted in a minor water quality reduction assessed via standardized methods in this study. Thus, we provide evidence that even a subtle decrease in water quality, resulting in small-scale pollution can have consequences for wildlife.

scholarly journals PO 8449 SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION INCREASES THE NUMBER OF MALARIA EPISODES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN RURAL AREAS AROUND LAMBARéNé, GABON

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A39.3-A40
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Dejon Agobé ◽  
Jean R Edoa ◽  
Yabo J Honkpehedji ◽  
Jeannot Fréjus Zinsou ◽  
Bayodé R Adegbité ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
P Value ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Episodes

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence very often overlaps with helminth infections, particularly with schistosomiasis which is reported to be the second parasitic infection after malaria in terms of prevalence. Interaction between both infections has been reported earlier. Schistosomiasis is typically a chronic disease, whereas malaria occurs in episodes, particularly in children. In this study, we assessed the effect of Schistosoma haematobium infection on clinical malaria among children.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted from June 2016 to February 2018. Volunteers without any known chronic condition were included. Thick blood smear (TBS) was performed monthly at participants’ homes. For any medical concern including malaria-like symptoms and visible haematuria, participants were invited to come to CERMEL for diagnosis and treatment. Light microscopy was performed to detect malaria parasites and Schistosoma eggs, using TBS and urine filtration technique, respectively. Over the study course, participants found to be infected were treated accordingly. Schistosomiasis status was determined at the end of the follow-up.ResultsAmong the 351 volunteers included in the study, schistosomiasis status was available for 260. Mean age was 12.3 year (SD 4.6) with a 0.96 women-to-men sex ratio. Of those, 112/260 (43.1%) [37.0%–49.3%] participants were positive for S. haematobium, and a total of 132 (51%) children developed 230 malaria attacks. Those with schistosomiasis had a 1.5:1 [1.1–2.0] risk to develop malaria compared to their uninfected counterparts. The mean number of malaria episodes per child over the study course was higher among children with schistosomiasis compared to those without (2.03 vs 1.57, p-value=0.015).ConclusionS. haematobium infection was associated with increased susceptibility to develop malaria (by increasing the risk to develop a malaria episode) and, consequently, a higher malaria incidence.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasites in rural communities in Nan Province, Thailand: changes in bacterial gut microbiota associated with minute intestinal fluke infection

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-984
Author(s):  
Ajala Prommi ◽  
Pinidphon Prombutara ◽  
Dorn Watthanakulpanich ◽  
Poom Adisakwattana ◽  
Teera Kusolsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractGastrointestinal helminth infection likely affects the gut microbiome, in turn affecting host health. To investigate the effect of intestinal parasite status on the gut microbiome, parasitic infection surveys were conducted in communities in Nan Province, Thailand. In total, 1047 participants submitted stool samples for intestinal parasite examination, and 391 parasite-positive cases were identified, equating to an infection prevalence of 37.3%. Intestinal protozoan species were less prevalent (4.6%) than helminth species. The most prevalent parasite was the minute intestinal fluke Haplorchis taichui (35.9%). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to investigate the gut microbiome profiles of H. taichui-infected participants compared with those of parasite-free participants. Prevotella copri was the dominant bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the study population. The relative abundance of three bacterial taxa, Ruminococcus, Roseburia faecis and Veillonella parvula, was significantly increased in the H. taichui-infected group. Parasite-negative group had higher bacterial diversity (α diversity) than the H. taichui-positive group. In addition, a significant difference in bacterial community composition (β diversity) was found between the two groups. The results suggest that H. taichui infection impacts the gut microbiome profile by reducing bacterial diversity and altering bacterial community structure in the gastrointestinal tract.

Metazoan parasite infracommunities of Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1960) (Pisces: Epinephelidae) in reef and coastal environments off the coast of Yucatán, México

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Espínola-Novelo ◽  
Carlos González-Salas ◽  
Sergio Guillén-Hernández ◽  
Ken MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Mycteroperca Bonaci ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Biological Tags ◽  
Two Age Groups

AbstractThe black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci is a commercially important fish off the coast of Yucatan, Mexico. To investigate possible differences between parasite communities in two different environments, 60 fish were collected from two areas during 2010 and 2011 and examined for parasites. The fish were classified into two age groups, in each of which the parameters of parasitic infection - prevalence, abundance and intensity - were determined. Parasite faunas were further described at the infracommunity level. Using both univariate (PERMANOVA) and multivariate statistical methods, the values of richness, abundance, diversity and Brillouin evenness as well as the Index values of Bray-Curtis and Jaccard for similarity were calculated and compared. The results of these tests and of CAP discriminant analyses at the two sites showed the existence of two distinct parasite communities. The parasite taxa mainly responsible for the differences were the digeneans Dollfustrema sp., Prosorhynchus spp., Lepidapedoides epinepheli and Hamacreadium mutabile, and the nematode Philometra salgadoi. The potential for some of these parasites to be used as biological tags for stock identification of M. bonaci is discussed.

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