Research on the operating mode of the power supply for a telecom base station based on the peak & valley model of the power grid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomin Zhang ◽  
Pengchao Wang ◽  
Mingming Liu ◽  
Zhirong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Base Station

Electrical Network Modeling and Electrical Transfer Simulation of C.N. Asco´ I and C.N. Asco´ II, to Obtain Voltage and Frequency Limit Values Allowing the Electrical Transfer From the Main Generator to the External 110 kV Power Grid

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ban˜o´ Azco´n ◽  
Jose´ Mollera Barriga
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Protective Relays

Broadly speaking, a simple electrical diagram of Asco´ I and Asco´ II power nuclear plants could be two power supply bus bars for general equipment classified No-1E, three power supply bus bars class No-1E for the Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) and two more bus bars classified 1E for safety related equipment. In normal operating mode, all the five power supply bus bars class No-1E are connected to the main generator (GP1) through two unit transformers (TAG1/2), while the two class 1E power supply bus bars are always connected to an external 110 kV power grid through two auxiliary transformer (TAA1/2). The main generator supplies power to an external 400 kV grid through the main transformer (TP1). The main circuit breaker is placed between the high voltage side of the main transformer and the 400 kV grid. With this configuration, the appearance of an abnormal condition that originates the trip of the main generator and the opening of the main circuit breaker from the external network, involves an electric transfer of the supply bus bars connected to the turbo generator to the external 110 kV power grid. The electric transfer to the external 110 kV power grid will be only possible if the frequency and voltage values are within the allowed range allowed by the grid’s protective relays. Two kinds of electrical transfers are possible: fast transfers and slow transfers. It will be necessary then to evaluate the limit values of voltage and frequency of the power grid that makes the electrical transfer possible in each case. In order to obtain the limit values previously mentioned, the electric system of the plant has been modeled. Different scenarios have been analyzed, taking into account the dynamic behavior of the system components and the delay of the protective relays actuation, verifying the electrical transfer for those situations. This analysis will give enough information to take the correct decisions for future design modifications, and it will assure that the electrical transfer will be done always with success.

Justification for Unscheduled Maintenance of Solar Panels Used as a Power Supply for Sprinkler Machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Bakirov ◽  
Sergey S. Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Modern Level

The modern level of agriculture is described by the introduction of renewable energy sources. New generation sprinkler machines are being put into production, in the power system of which solar panels are used. One of the factors that negatively affect the performance of solar cells in an open field is their dusting, which is formed as a result of dust storms and wind. Cleaning of the battery panels is carried out in various ways: manual, semi-automatic and automatic. Dust cleaning is included in maintenance. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the conditions for performing the maintenance, which consists in cleaning solar panels in the field. (Materials and methods) Theoretical (analysis, hypothesis design), empirical (observation, testing), experimental (ascertaining experiment) methods has been used during research. (Results and discussion) The article describes an introduced parameter for estimating the level of dusting. The power loss indicator shows the ratio of the power of the dusted module to the power of the clean module. Unscheduled maintenance is affected by the distance of the solar module from the repair point, the power of the solar module, the loss from dusting, the frequency of maintenance and cost indicators. (Conclusions) It has been found the dependence of maintenance period of the solar module of the sprinkler machine on the distance to the sprinkler machine, to the point of maintenance and repair, the power loss coefficient in case of dusting of the solar module, the cost of performing maintenance, as well as the frequency of maintenance. Article describes the boundaries of the choice of operating mode of the sprinkler between unscheduled maintenance for cleaning the solar module and the acceptance of additional power of the sprinkler power supply system according to the criterion of minimum operating costs.

Influence of distributed power supply in distributed power distribution network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xin Shen ◽  
Hongchun Shu ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Nan Pan ◽  
Junbin Qian
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Distributed Power

In distribution networks with distributed power supplies, distributed power supplies can also be used as backup power sources to support the grid. If a distribution network contains multiple distributed power sources, the distribution network becomes a complex power grid with multiple power supplies. When a short-circuit fault occurs at a certain point on the power distribution network, the size, direction and duration of the short-circuit current are no longer single due to the existence of distributed power, and will vary with the location and capacity of the distributed power supply system. The change, in turn, affects the current in the grid, resulting in the generation and propagation of additional current. This power grid of power electronics will cause problems such as excessive standard mis-operation, abnormal heating of the converter and component burnout, and communication system failure. It is of great and practical significance to study the influence of distributed power in distributed power distribution networks.

scholarly journals Universal microprocessor controlled power regulator with and without additional power supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Vladan Vuckovic ◽  
Blond Le
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Resistive Heating ◽  
Complex Control ◽  
Power Regulator ◽  
Touch Sensor ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Reconstruction Project

Inexpensive microcontrollers allow complex control methodologies for improving well-established technologies such as resistive lighting. In this paper, we present two constructions of a microprocessor controlled power regulator for resistive load of up to 2.5 kW and exemplify its use for the lamps in Tesla?s Fountain reconstruction project. These are universal power controllers and could be applied to a wide verity of non-inductive loads, but our primary intention was to construct a miniature light regulator with touch sensor for Tesla?s Fountain. The devices operate using the phase control of the power grid?s alternating current and controlled fade-in to increase lamp longevity. Extensive testing shows the device to operate successfully for 2400 hours of continuous error-free operation, to robustly handle high cycling stresses and increase bulb lifetimes by approximately a factor of 7-8. The microcontroller software can easily be adapted for controlling many non-inductive apparatus, like light bulbs or halogen lamps, as well as resistive heating. We also used advanced technologies from other multi-disciplinary areas to complete project.

scholarly journals A SCALAR BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL APPLIED TO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Failure Tolerance ◽  
Main Station

Wireless Sensor Networks motes have a small size, which leads to severe power supply restrictions. Much of the work on conserving power has been undertaken in the domain of routing protocols which deals with sending data in an efficient manner. In this paper a new scalar based protocol is proposed with a combination of multiple sub-base stations, that seeks to enhance the efficiency of protocol in terms of consumption of power and node failure tolerance. All the nodes are divided into regions, with each region having a sub- base station(sBS) and an arbitrary scalar value. Each sBS has lesser power supply and computation power compared to main station, but more of the mentioned metrics with respect to the sensor motes. Previous studies have described various paradigms and metrics for routing protocols and the placement of base stations. In this paper, the said algorithm is proposed, and its efficiency is analysed.

scholarly journals ZigBee standard implementation for a wireless temperature system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritchinder R. S. Samrai
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Lcd Display ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Temperature Measurement System ◽  
Zigbee Standard

This project is concerned with the application of the ZigBee communication standard for implementing a temperature measurement system. Due to ZigBee's low-power and low data rate features, it is ideal for analog sensor systems. Digi's ZigBee devices called XBee are used in this project. The XBee devices meet all the ZigBee standard. The XBee device has the advantage of being programmed with API firmware (application programming interface). XBee's API provides fast and reliable communication between the remote stations and the base station. The remote station has three different modules: power supply, temperature sensor and XBee device. The power supply is designed to output 3.3V. The temperature sensor is designed so that the output stays within the XBee's maximum analog input voltage range of 0V to 1.2V. The XBee device is programmed as a router. The base station has three different modules: Arduino microcontroller, LCD display and XBee device. The Arduino is programmed to receive the analog readings from the XBee device and convert them into temperature readings The temperature readings are displayed on the LCD display. The XBee device is programmed as a coordinator. The design successfully worked for 3 remote stations and 1 base station.

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