To study the influence of the structural parameters of the ammunition liner of small-caliber ammunition on the forming characteristics of the projectile, an integrated circumferential multiple explosively formed projectile (MEFP) warhead with an integrated shell and the liner was initially designed, and the wall thickness of the liner is variable. LS-DYNA finite-element software is used to simulate the integral circumferential MEFP of the preliminary design, based on the numerical simulation results, the influence of the thickness at the center of the liner, and the curvature radius of the liner on the shape and velocity of the formed projectile. The numerical simulation results show that when the thickness of the center of the liner is constant and the curvature radius increases gradually, the velocity of the formed projectile decreases and the length: Diameter ratio of formed projectile decreases gradually. When the curvature radius of the liner remains unchanged, the velocity of the formed projectile decreases with the increase of the thickness of the center of the liner, and the shape of the formed projectile does not change significantly. The results show that when the design of integrating the shell and the liner was adopted for the integral circumferential MEFP warhead, the shape of the formed projectile is greatly affected by the curvature radius of the liner (curvature radius of inner and outer walls of the liner), but less by the thickness of the center of the liner. The velocity of the formed projectile is affected by the curvature radius of the inner and outer walls of the liner and the thickness of the center of the liner. Moreover, the influence of the thickness of the center of the liner on the velocity of the formed projectile is greater than that of the curvature radius of the outer wall of the liner.
Integration and Simulations of INS/GNSS System using the Approach of Carrier Phase Measurements