Automatic segmentation of malaria parasites on thick blood film using blob analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Harini Sulistyawati ◽  
Farah Zakiyah Rahmanti ◽  
I Ketut Eddy Purnama ◽  
Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Blob Analysis

scholarly journals Inverse association of falciparum positivity with endemic Burkitt lymphoma is robust in analyses adjusting for pre-enrollment malaria in the EMBLEM case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Peprah ◽  
Martin D. Ogwang ◽  
Patrick Kerchan ◽  
Steven J. Reynolds ◽  
Constance N. Tenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Factors

Abstract Background Falciparum and endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) are co-endemic in Africa, but the malaria experience in eBL patients is unknown. A lower prevalence of falciparum has been reported in eBL patients, but those results are anecdotally attributed to pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. Methods We studied 677 eBL patients and 2920 community controls aged 0–15 years enrolled in six regions in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya during 2010–2016. Falciparum was diagnosed using thick blood film microscopy (TFM) and antigen-capture rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Guardians of the children answered a 40-item structured questionnaire about their child’s pre-enrollment lifetime malaria history and treatment, demographics, socioeconomics, animal exposures, fevers, and hospitalizations. We utilized exploratory factor analysis to reduce the 40 questionnaire variables into six factors, including Inpatient malaria and Outpatient malaria factors that were surrogates of pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. The six factors accounted for 83–90% of the variance in the questionnaire data. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR 95% CI) of association of eBL with falciparum positivity, defined as positive both on TFM or RDTs, or only RDTs (indicative of recent infection) or TFM (indicative of current falciparum infection) versus no infection, using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for group of age (0–2, 3–5, 6–8, 9–11 and 12–15 years), sex, and study site and the afore-mentioned pre-enrollment factors. Results The prevalence of falciparum infection was 25.6% in the eBL cases and 45.7% in community controls (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.47; P < 0.0001). The results were similar for recent falciparum infection (6.9% versus 13.5%, aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.50; P < 0.0001) and current falciparum infection (18.7% versus 32.1%, aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.51; P < 0.0001). These aORs for any, recent and current falciparum infection did not change when we adjusted for pre-enrollment factors (aORs = 0.46, =0.44, and = 0.51, respectively) were significantly lower in stratified analysis for any infection in children < 5 years (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.75) or ≥ 10 years (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71). Conclusion Our study results reduce support for pre-enrollment antimalaria treatment as a sole explanation for the observed lower falciparum prevalence in eBL cases and open a space to consider alternative immunology-based hypotheses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of distilled water as buffered water replacement during 3% Giemsa’s solution preparation in Malaria diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Yan Xia ◽  
Hamidah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Modified Method

Malaria is a life-threatening disease which has claimed many lives. Giemsa's stain is the gold standard method in malaria diagnosis. Generally, Giemsa's stain is diluted with buffered water. However, sometimes, it produces poor staining of the blood smears, in which can create a major challenge in detecting and identifying positive malaria parasites in a peripheral blood smear. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment to a patient. The present study examined the effect of replacing the buffered water to distilled water during the preparation of 3% Giemsa's solution. Blood specimens were collected from selected positive (n=80) and negative (n=300) malaria cases in EDTA tube. The modified method employed distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water for diluting Giemsa’s solution stock. The microscopy observation was performed on each set of blood film stained by both modified and standard Giemsa staining methods by two WHO’s qualified technicians. All Giemsa solutions with different diluents were comparable in detecting malaria parasites in the blood films. There was no difference between distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water. Furthermore, distilled water produced homogeneous staining and clearer background of the blood films, which enables different species of malaria to be identified. The present study demonstrates that the modified staining using distilled water in malaria parasites identification is comparable to the gold standard method. In addition, the modified method is rapid, easily available, cost-effective, and reliable.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF PHARYNX MYCOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
V P Reshetnikova ◽  
L A Baryshevskaya ◽  
O V Zeleva ◽  
M N Popov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
The One ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Aim - to characterize different methods for diagnosis of mycotic lesions of the pharynx used in medical practice. Materials and methods. This article describes various methods of laboratory diagnostics of tonsillopharyngeal mycosis and their indications; and presents the analysis of 117 adult cases of tonsillopharyngeal mycosis confirmed by the analysis of thick blood film after the incubation in thermoregulator combined with blood agar inoculation. In addition, this method includes a microflora test which in most chronical cases accompanies pharyngeal mycosis. Results. The study revealed relevant advantages of the presented methods of pharynx mycosis diagnostics, which not only detect the presence of mycelium and its morphology, but also evaluate its role in the inflammatory process. In addition, this method includes bacterial culture test that in most chronical cases accompanies pharynx mycosis. Out of 100% only 17.9% of observations (21 patients) showed Candida fungus in parasitic phase as mono-infection, the other 82.1% of cases proved bacterial presence. The most frequent combination was Candida and Streptococcus spp (including pneumococcus) that made up 41.9% of total observations. In 10.3% of cases Staphylococcus spp was detected. Other patients had more than two kinds of microorganisms. The following combinations were revealed: fungi, streptococci and staphylococci in 17.9% cases; fungi and streptococci with Klebsiella and\or Moraxella catarrhalis or other opportunistic pathogenic microflora in 12% cases. Conclusions. The most effective method of research of upper airway mycosis is the one that enables to reveal Candida fungi presence and concentration as well as to identify their status (saprophitic or parasitic) in the patient's body using thick blood microscopy. The value of this method increases with simultaneous evaluation of associated microflora and its relation to macroorganism. Being simple, cost-effective and highly informative, complex method of diagnostics of upper airway mycosis can be widely used in medical practice.

scholarly journals Incidence of Malaria in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, Based on Nested PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Fen Joveen-Neoh ◽  
Ka Lung Chong ◽  
Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong ◽  
Tiek Ying Lau
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Blood Spot ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

Introduction. Malaria is currently one of the most prevalent parasite-transmitted diseases caused by parasites of the genusPlasmodium. Misidentification of human malaria parasites especiallyP. knowlesibased on microscopic examination is very common. The objectives of this paper were to accurately identify the incidence of human malaria parasites in the interior division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) and to determine the misidentification rate in human malaria parasites.Methods. Nested PCR was used to detect the presence of human malaria parasites. A total of 243 blood spot samples from patients who had requested for blood film for malaria parasite (BFMP) analyses were used in this study.Results. Nested PCR findings showed that there was noP. malariaeinfection while the highest prevalent malaria parasite wasP. knowlesi, followed byP. vivax,P. falciparum, and mixed infection. Only 69.5% of the 243 samples giving consistent nested PCR and microscopic results.Conclusion. The preliminary findings from molecular detection of malaria showed thatP. knowlesiwas the most prevalentPlasmodiumspecies in the interior division of Sabah. The findings from this paper may provide a clearer picture on the actual transmission of differentPlasmodiumspecies in this region.

scholarly journals Performance of an immunochromatography test for vivax malaria in the Amazon region, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferreira Figueiredo Filho ◽  
Maria Cristina Figueredo ◽  
José Maria Nascimento ◽  
Vanja Suely Pachiano Calvosa ◽  
Marinete Marins Póvoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30

The study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ICT malaria Pf/PvTM test for vivax malaria diagnosis in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil. The results of blood malaria parasites examination using an immunochromatography test were compared with thick blood film (TBF) examination. It was also evaluated the performance of this test storaged at three different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 37°C) for 24 hours before use. Overall sensitivity of ICT Pf/PvTM was 61.8% with a specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 71.8%, respectively and accuracy of 80.6%. The test sensitivity was independent of the parasite density. This test needs to be further reviewed in order to have better performance for P. vivax malaria diagnosis.

scholarly journals Investigation of HRPF2 Gene Deletion in Plasmodium Falciparum in Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Dayyabu Shehu ◽  
Farida Muhammad Aminu ◽  
Shehu Danlami ◽  
Jamila Ahmed Mashi
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Strip Test

Abstract Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) plays an important role in malaria management and control. The Pf HRP2 based RDT kit is the most widely used RDT for malaria diagnosis in Nigeria but is affected by the deletion of HRP2 gene in Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Therefore, identifying the prevalence and distribution of Plasmodium falciparum parasites with deleted Pf HRP2 is important for malaria control. Pf HRP2 gene deletion was assessed in this study by first carrying out Giemsa stained thick blood film microscopy and Pf HRP2 RDT strip test. The samples were further analyzed for molecular examination by PCR assay for multiple single–copy genes (Pf Cox3, Pf HRP2, Pf HRP3 and Pf Beta tubulin). This study found the existence of eight (8) Plasmodium falciparum isolates lacking the HRP2 gene in the samples analyzed, this necessitates the need to develop a unique RDT Kit targeting other housekeeping genes unique for Plasmodium falciparum with far greater sensitivity than the current ones as to reduce the chances of false negative RDT result as well as developing unique RDT Kits targeting both PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 genes concomitantly in order to reduce the chances of having a false positive RDT results.

Ss Polymorphisms Carried on GPB in Brazilian Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Individuals.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1342-1342
Author(s):  
Lilian Castilho ◽  
Sara Lustigman ◽  
Marion Reid ◽  
Carlos E. Cavasini ◽  
Andrea Rossit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Normal Donor ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
Porto Velho

Abstract Background: The present study was carried out to compare the Ss blood group polymorphisms carried on GPB in patients infected by malaria (n=51–100) with blood donors (n=100–170) living under the same conditions in a malaria endemic region of the Brazilian Amazon (Macapá, Belém, Porto Velho and Rio Branco). The blood donors had no clinical signs for malaria, their thick blood film exam was negative and they reported during the interview that they had no prior episodes of malaria. Methods: Blood donors and individuals having only P. falciparum infected were identified and their blood was used for Ss phenotyping in gel cards (DiaMed-AG) and to prepare DNA for Ss genotyping and associations studies. The Ss polymorphisms were genotyped by allele-specific (AS)-PCR. Results: Comparison between the frequencies of the Ss phenotypes/genotypes in the two studied groups in each endemic area showed a significant correlation between the frequency of individual carrying the S+s+ or S+s- phenotypes/genotypes and incidence of malaria infection in three regions of the study; Rio Branco, Porto Velho and Belem. The presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in malaria patients when compared with the blood donors in three regions of the study; Rio Branco (60.8 vs. 38%), Porto Velho (53.1 vs. 38%) and Belem (62 vs. 50%). As a confirmation, we also found that the S-s+ phenotype in the three regions was contributing to resistance to infection with malaria, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population than in infected individuals. Importantly, there are approximately 1.5 times more copies of GPB in S+s- than in S-s+ RBCs. S+s+ RBCs have an intermediate amount of GPB. When we combined the results from the four regions and analyzed the 64 P. falciparum (Pf) positive individuals vs. the total 63 blood donors, 46 P. falciparum positive individuals (71.8%) carried the S+ phenotype on the GPB whereas in normal donor population only 30 individuals (47.6%) carried the S antigen.. In this analysis, the presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in the P. falciparum patients when compared with the blood donors (P = 0.006). Conversely, the S-s+ phenotype in the four regions was contributing to resistance to P. falciparum infection, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population (52.3%) than in infected individuals (28.1%). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that the expression of the S antigen on GPB is associated not only with incidence of malaria infection, but more importantly, with incidence of P. falciparum infection. These preliminary results open up the opportunity to study the utilization of the GPB invasion pathway, in particular via a domain that contains the S antigen, by the P. falciparum field isolates of Brazil.

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