Ss Polymorphisms Carried on GPB in Brazilian Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Individuals.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1342-1342
Author(s):  
Lilian Castilho ◽  
Sara Lustigman ◽  
Marion Reid ◽  
Carlos E. Cavasini ◽  
Andrea Rossit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Normal Donor ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
Porto Velho

Abstract Background: The present study was carried out to compare the Ss blood group polymorphisms carried on GPB in patients infected by malaria (n=51–100) with blood donors (n=100–170) living under the same conditions in a malaria endemic region of the Brazilian Amazon (Macapá, Belém, Porto Velho and Rio Branco). The blood donors had no clinical signs for malaria, their thick blood film exam was negative and they reported during the interview that they had no prior episodes of malaria. Methods: Blood donors and individuals having only P. falciparum infected were identified and their blood was used for Ss phenotyping in gel cards (DiaMed-AG) and to prepare DNA for Ss genotyping and associations studies. The Ss polymorphisms were genotyped by allele-specific (AS)-PCR. Results: Comparison between the frequencies of the Ss phenotypes/genotypes in the two studied groups in each endemic area showed a significant correlation between the frequency of individual carrying the S+s+ or S+s- phenotypes/genotypes and incidence of malaria infection in three regions of the study; Rio Branco, Porto Velho and Belem. The presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in malaria patients when compared with the blood donors in three regions of the study; Rio Branco (60.8 vs. 38%), Porto Velho (53.1 vs. 38%) and Belem (62 vs. 50%). As a confirmation, we also found that the S-s+ phenotype in the three regions was contributing to resistance to infection with malaria, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population than in infected individuals. Importantly, there are approximately 1.5 times more copies of GPB in S+s- than in S-s+ RBCs. S+s+ RBCs have an intermediate amount of GPB. When we combined the results from the four regions and analyzed the 64 P. falciparum (Pf) positive individuals vs. the total 63 blood donors, 46 P. falciparum positive individuals (71.8%) carried the S+ phenotype on the GPB whereas in normal donor population only 30 individuals (47.6%) carried the S antigen.. In this analysis, the presence of the S antigen was significantly more frequent in the P. falciparum patients when compared with the blood donors (P = 0.006). Conversely, the S-s+ phenotype in the four regions was contributing to resistance to P. falciparum infection, as it was significantly more frequent in the donor population (52.3%) than in infected individuals (28.1%). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that the expression of the S antigen on GPB is associated not only with incidence of malaria infection, but more importantly, with incidence of P. falciparum infection. These preliminary results open up the opportunity to study the utilization of the GPB invasion pathway, in particular via a domain that contains the S antigen, by the P. falciparum field isolates of Brazil.

scholarly journals Evidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection after 12 years from the exposure: cryptic malaria or recrudescence?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildebrando Patamia ◽  
Elisa Cappello ◽  
Maddalena Calvo ◽  
Giuseppe Migliorisi ◽  
Antonina Franco
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Antimalarial Treatment ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Infection

Abstract BackgroundMalaria infections affect a high percentage of the world's population, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Specifically, Plasmodium falciparum is the most relevant species involved in the etiopathogenesis of this infection. The duration of P. falciparum infections is often undefined, as some reported episodes of suspected recrudescence occur several years after initial exposure.Case presentationWe present a case report of malaria infection with low parasitaemia in a man whose last stay in an endemic region or contacts with the local population was twelve years ago. The patient recovered fully with adequate antimalarial treatment, but some aspects of his clinical history were not clearly defined.ConclusionsWe discuss here the possibility that this is either a P. falciparum recrudescence or an episode of cryptic malaria, as we cannot carefully verify some details of our patient's life and history.

scholarly journals Plasmodiasis in Relation to Haematological Parameters among Children in the Internally Displaced Persons Camps (IDPS) within Maiduguri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Umoru M. Askira ◽  
E. S. Marshall ◽  
S. A. Onyilokwu ◽  
Alhaji Bukar ◽  
H. J. Balla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Thick Blood Film

Introduction: Malaria parasite is a protozoan disease that is transmitted by female anopheles mosquito which infects humans regardless of age, sex and status. It has a worldwide distribution and often prevalent in the developing countries and areas with poor environmental hygiene this study focuses on the incidence of plasmodiasis in relation to haematological parameters among children in the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) camp. Methods: blood samples were collected via venipuncture for thick blood film and was stained with giemsa diluted 1:10 and rapid diagnostic techniques (RDT), while the hematological parameter were analyzed by auto analyzer machine. Results: a total of two hundred and one (201) samples were obtained from two different camps in the study area. 87 were obtained from Stadium IDPs camp and 114 from Bakassi camp. From the Stadium IDPs camp 25(12.4%) were malaria positive and 62(30.8%) were negative. Similarly, from Bakassi IDPs camp, 58(28.9%) were positive and 56(27.9%) were negative. Conclusions: Males were shown to have eosinophilia compared to the females, due to an increase in the eosinophil count in them which can be used to predict the intensity of malaria infection, and a decrease in the eosinophil in females. There was a partial negative correlation due to a decrease in the monocyte and lymphocyte with increasing parasite density count.

Platelet Hypersensitivity in Acute Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) Infection in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 547-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Essien ◽  
M I Ebhota
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Secondary Wave ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean

SummaryDuring acute malaria infection, platelets in human platelet-rich plasma are hypersensitive to the addition of ADP between 1.0 uM and 5.0 uM, or adrenaline 0.11 uM as aggregating agents. The mean maximum aggregation amplitude (as % of light transmission) obtained from 8 subjects in response to added ADP (1.0 uM), 39.8 ± 27 (1SD), was significantly greater than the value in 6 controls (5.2±6.7 (1SD); t = 3, 51 P <0.005). A similar pattern of response was obtained with higher ADP concentrations (2.4,4.5 or 5.0 uM) in 22 patients and 20 control subjects (89.9±14.9% vs 77.8±16.5% (1SD) t = 2.45, P <0.02). Addition of 4.5 uM ADP to patient PRP usually evoked only a single aggregation wave (fused primary and secondary waves) while the typical primary and secondary wave pattern was usually obtained from controls.Mean plasma B-thromboglobulin (BTG) concentration in 7 patients (208.3 ± 15.6 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the value in 6 control subjects (59.2±15.7 ng/ml; t = 13.44, P <0.002).

Feline blood donation adverse reactions: classification and description of acute and delayed reactions in a donor population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110202
Author(s):  
Tiago AM Abreu ◽  
Andreia ST Oliveira ◽  
Rui RF Ferreira ◽  
Sandrina MV Correia ◽  
Mafalda SSQ Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Veterinary Practitioner ◽  
Donor Programme ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
Delayed Reactions ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Level

Objectives This article aims to analyse the safety of feline blood donation by describing the frequency and nature of any adverse reactions and their causes, as well as propose measures to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods In this prospective study, any blood donor adverse reactions detected by the clinical staff during and immediately after donation were recorded. The owners of the cats were also surveyed by a veterinary practitioner or veterinary nurse 5 days after donation, using a predefined questionnaire to assess for any clinical or behavioural changes. Data were collected between January 2019 and March 2020 from blood donors enrolled in an animal blood bank programme. Results Of 3690 blood donations from 1792 feline donors assessed, post-donation reactions were reported in 1.14% (n = 42): 0.22% (n = 8) were acute reactions, which included weakness, pallor, tachypnoea and open-mouth breathing; and 0.92% (n = 34) were delayed post-donation reactions, with 0.16% involving cutaneous (haematomas and skin rashes, n = 6), 0.68% involving behavioural (n = 25) and 0.08% involving digestive (emesis and inappetence, n = 3) signs. Conclusions and relevance The low incidence of post-donation reactions in this study is encouraging, suggesting that a well-established protocol and competent staff can help to ensure a high level of safety in a feline donor programme and, in turn, increase the confidence of cat owners.

scholarly journals Inverse association of falciparum positivity with endemic Burkitt lymphoma is robust in analyses adjusting for pre-enrollment malaria in the EMBLEM case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Peprah ◽  
Martin D. Ogwang ◽  
Patrick Kerchan ◽  
Steven J. Reynolds ◽  
Constance N. Tenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Thick Blood Film ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Factors

Abstract Background Falciparum and endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) are co-endemic in Africa, but the malaria experience in eBL patients is unknown. A lower prevalence of falciparum has been reported in eBL patients, but those results are anecdotally attributed to pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. Methods We studied 677 eBL patients and 2920 community controls aged 0–15 years enrolled in six regions in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya during 2010–2016. Falciparum was diagnosed using thick blood film microscopy (TFM) and antigen-capture rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Guardians of the children answered a 40-item structured questionnaire about their child’s pre-enrollment lifetime malaria history and treatment, demographics, socioeconomics, animal exposures, fevers, and hospitalizations. We utilized exploratory factor analysis to reduce the 40 questionnaire variables into six factors, including Inpatient malaria and Outpatient malaria factors that were surrogates of pre-enrollment anti-malaria treatment. The six factors accounted for 83–90% of the variance in the questionnaire data. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR 95% CI) of association of eBL with falciparum positivity, defined as positive both on TFM or RDTs, or only RDTs (indicative of recent infection) or TFM (indicative of current falciparum infection) versus no infection, using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for group of age (0–2, 3–5, 6–8, 9–11 and 12–15 years), sex, and study site and the afore-mentioned pre-enrollment factors. Results The prevalence of falciparum infection was 25.6% in the eBL cases and 45.7% in community controls (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.47; P < 0.0001). The results were similar for recent falciparum infection (6.9% versus 13.5%, aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.50; P < 0.0001) and current falciparum infection (18.7% versus 32.1%, aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.51; P < 0.0001). These aORs for any, recent and current falciparum infection did not change when we adjusted for pre-enrollment factors (aORs = 0.46, =0.44, and = 0.51, respectively) were significantly lower in stratified analysis for any infection in children < 5 years (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.75) or ≥ 10 years (aOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.71). Conclusion Our study results reduce support for pre-enrollment antimalaria treatment as a sole explanation for the observed lower falciparum prevalence in eBL cases and open a space to consider alternative immunology-based hypotheses.

scholarly journals THROMBOCYTOPENIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
ATIF SITWAT HAYAT ◽  
MOHAMMAD SAEED SIDDIQUI ◽  
NAILA SHAIKH ◽  
Muqeet Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cell Counts

Background: Malaria is usually associated with reduction in blood cell counts and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is a common feature of falciparum infection. This study has been conducted to find out frequency and degree of thrombocytopenia in patients suffering from falciparum malaria at a tertiary care hospital of Abbottabad. Methods: It was a descriptive case-control study being carried out at Ayub teaching hospital and Northern institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS) Abbottabad over a period of ten months. All patients with acute febrile illness without localizing signs were considered for study. A total 250 patients having falciparum malaria diagnosed by peripheral blood film examination have been studied. Complete blood counts were performed by Automated Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Blood films were examined by clinical pathologist for plasmodium falciparum via light microscopy using oil-immersion lens. Results: Out of 250 patients, 155(62%) were females and 95(38%) males with M:F ratio of 1:1.5. Mean age was 36±1.2 years (range 17-58 years). Out of 250, 175(70%) had thrombocytopenia (p<0.05) while 75(30%) had normal platelet counts. Thus mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia had been observed in 121(48.4%), 41(16.4%) and 13(5.2%) respectively (p<0.05). Fever appeared to be most common symptom observed in all patients (100%) followed by vomiting and nausea (88%). Anemia was the commonest sign present (80%) during our study. Conclusions: We discovered high frequency of mild thrombocytopenia in falciparum malaria. Therefore, thrombocytopenia can be supportive in diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection.

scholarly journals Assessing ABO/Rh Blood Group Frequency and Association with Asymptomatic Malaria among Blood Donors Attending Arba Minch Blood Bank, South Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getaneh Alemu ◽  
Mohammedaman Mama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Group Frequency ◽  
Rh Blood Group

Background. Determination of the various ABO/Rh blood group distributions and their association with malaria infection has paramount importance in the context of transfusion medicine and malaria control. Methods. Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2015, to assess ABO/Rh blood groups distribution and their association with asymptomatic malaria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood grouping was done using monoclonal antibodies. Thin and thick blood films were examined for Plasmodium parasites. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 416 blood donors participated with median age of 22±0.29 (median ± standard error of the mean). Distribution of ABO phenotypes, in decreasing order, was O (175, 42.1%), A (136, 32.7%), B (87, 20.9%), and AB (18, 4.3%). Most of them were Rh+ (386, 92.8%). The overall malaria prevalence was 4.1% (17/416). ABO blood group is significantly associated with malaria infection (P=0.022). High rate of parasitemia was seen in blood group O donors (6.899, P=0.003) compared to those with other ABO blood groups. Conclusion. Blood groups O and AB phenotypes are the most and the least ABO blood groups, respectively. There is significant association between ABO blood group and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Malaria in Tselemti Wereda, North Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meresa Shiferaw ◽  
Megbaru Alemu ◽  
Kiros Tedla ◽  
Desalegn Tadesse ◽  
Sena Bayissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND: A significant segment of the world’s population is at risk of contracting malaria infection at any one time. In Ethiopia, sustained control efforts have been made in the past decade to fight malaria. Yet, it remains as the major cause of morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic problems in the country. The intensified control of malaria can further be augmented by analyzing health facility based malaria data. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of malaria infection in Northwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia from February-April 2016. All blood film results reported between January 2013 and December 2015 in the seven health centers were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 41,773 patients with chief malaria complaint were screened for malaria in the three years period. The overall prevalence of microscopically confirmed malaria was 28.1%. Males (29.5%) were more affected by malaria than females (26.5%). Malaria was also higher in the age group >15 years (32.6%) followed by 5-15 years (29.3%) and under-five children (20.5%). Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and mixed infectionsaccounted for 58.2%, 35.5% and 6.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of confirmed malaria cases was observed during spring (35.6%) and summer (25.1%). Higher prevalence of slide positive malaria was recorded in Dima (46.1%), Cherecher (45.3%) andFyel wuha (35.3%) health centers.CONCLUSION: Malaria specific outpatient cases were high in the study area. Both plasmodia species were of public health significance in the area with predominance of Plasmodiumfalciparum.

Organ Donation Registration and Decision-Making Among Current Blood Donors in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Merz ◽  
Katja van den Hurk ◽  
Wim L.A.M. de Kort
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Donor Population

Introduction: In the Netherlands, there is a constant shortage in donor organs, resulting in long waiting lists. The decision to register as organ donor is associated with several demographic, cultural, and personal factors. Previous research on attitudes and motivations toward blood and organ donations provided similar results. Research Question: The current study investigated demographic, cultural, and personal determinants of organ donation registration among current Dutch blood donors. Design: We used data from Donor InSight (2012; N = 20 063), a cohort study among Dutch blood donors, to test whether age, gender, religious and political preferences, donor attitude, and altruism predicted organ donor registration among current blood donors. Results: Organ donors were more often represented in the blood donor population compared to the general Dutch population. Women showed a higher propensity to be registered as organ donor. Higher education as well as higher prosocial value orientation, prosocial behavior, that is, doing volunteer work, and awareness of need significantly associated with being registered as organ donor. Religious denomination negatively predicted organ donation registration across all faiths. Discussion: Results are discussed in light of cultural context, and possible implications for improving information provision and recruitment are mentioned.

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