scholarly journals Design Considerations to Realize Differential Absorption-Based Optofluidic Sensors for Determination of Ionic Content in Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 6051-6058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit W. Steen ◽  
Elmar C. Fuchs ◽  
Adam D. Wexler ◽  
Herman L. Offerhaus
Keyword(s):  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Ionic Content ◽  
Design Considerations

scholarly journals A First Step towards Determining the Ionic Content in Water with an Integrated Optofluidic Chip Based on Near-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

Optics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Gerwin W. Steen ◽  
Adam D. Wexler ◽  
Elmar C. Fuchs ◽  
Herman L. Offerhaus
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Ionic Content ◽  
Stretch Vibration ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Optofluidic Chip

In this work, we present a feasibility study of integrated optofluidic chips to measure the ionic content in water using differential absorption spectroscopy. The second overtone of the OH-stretch vibration of water is used as indicator for both the type and concentration of the dissolved ions. The optofluidic chips are based on silicon nitride (TripleX) containing Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with two 5 cm sensing paths for the sample and reference arms, respectively. Simulations show that, theoretically, the determination of both the type and concentration of a mixture of four electrolytes is possible with the techniques presented. However, the performance of the chips deviated from the expected results due to the insufficient reproducibility and precision in the fabrication process. Therefore, at this early stage, the chips presented here could only determine the ion concentration, but not differentiate between the different ion types. Still, this work represents the first steps towards the realization of an online and real-time sensor of ionic content in water.

Tension-Leg Platform Design: Interaction of Naval Architectural and Structural Design Considerations

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Capanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Tension Leg Platform ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Exciting Forces ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Selection Of

As oil exploration and production move into water depths over 1000 ft (305 m), several companies are investigating compliant structures as possible solutions to the economic and engineering problems involved. This paper focuses on the tension-leg type of platform, a positively buoyant structure kept on location by a pretensioned anchoring system. The basic approach to design of a tension-leg platform system, the various components of the system and the interaction between naval architectural and structural design considerations are presented. The author points out that planning for a successful design must include:preparation of good design criteria,determination of variables,evaluation of variables for sensitivity and interaction,accurate and timely engineering decisions in selection of a set of parameters, andparallel studies covering fabrication, transportation and installation requirements. Appendices give the mathematical bases for computing motions of the tenslon-leg platform and graphic illustrations of platform characteristics and the effects of typical exciting forces.

Evaluation of ASME Class 3 HDPE Flanged Joints

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Musto ◽  
Glenn R. Frazee ◽  
Michael P. H. Marohl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Torque Values

In the design of piping systems, there are many options for transitioning between HDPE and metallic piping. One common option is the use of flanged joints. As a result of the visco-elastic nature of HDPE, the use of HDPE-to-metallic flanged joints requires special design considerations. When HDPE-to-metallic flanged joints are used in ASME Class 3 systems, the design is further complicated by the requirements provided in the ASME B&PV Code, Section III for flanged joint analysis. This paper examines the differences between HDPE piping flanged joints and metallic piping flanged joints, including consideration of industry guidance and available industry testing results. The paper provides a proposed methodology for evaluating ASME Class 3 HDPE-to-metallic flanged joints and HDPE-to-HDPE flanged joints, including the determination of required bolt torque values and the determination of the maximum internal pressure that the joint can resist without experiencing leakage.

Design Considerations for Optimal Absorption of Energy from a Vibration Source by an Array of Harvesters

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rammohan Sriramdas ◽  
Shreevar Rastogi ◽  
Rudra Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Iterative Procedure ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Absorption ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Passive Technique

AbstractDynamic vibration absorption is a passive technique for suppressing unintended vibrations. Optimal absorption of energy from a vibration source entails the determination of absorber parameters such as resonant frequency and damping. In the present work, we propose a method to obtain these parameters for a generic case of large number of identical vibration absorbers placed on a vibration source. We discuss an iterative procedure to find the optimum absorber resonant frequency and damping by minimizing the total energy absorbed by the system. We also analyse the influence of damping of the entire set of absorbers on the total energy absorbed and the effect of the absorber mass on the bandwidth of absorption. The proposed method is verified by analysing the response of a set of cantilever absorber beams placed on a vibrating cantilever plate. The resonant frequencies of the system with different number of absorbers are verified experimentally. We identify, using our method, the absorber mass, resonant frequency and damping of the absorber at which significant amount of energy supplied to the system flows into absorbers. A potential application of this method in the context of energy harvesting is the design of harvesters for a given vibration source. We emphasize through our work that monitoring energies in the system and optimizing them is both rational and vital for designing multiple harvesters that absorb energy from a given vibration source optimally.

The Use of Vibration for Material Handling

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paz ◽  
J. M. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Stiffness Method

In this paper a general survey of material handling by vibrating equipment is presented with a discussion on applications and basic design considerations. Attention is given to the need of designing vibrating equipment properly in order not to produce unacceptable environmental pollution in the form of noise and structural vibrations. It is also shown in this paper that the stiffness method of structural analysis may be applied effectively in the design and analysis of vibrating conveyors to give accurately the motion and the forces along a vibrating conveyor. The effect of the vibrating material is considered in the analysis as mass effect and equivalent frictional factors. Experiments conducted for the determination of these factors are reported. Also, a computer program outline for the analysis of vibrating conveyors under load is presented and numerical examples are given to illustrate the method.

Determination of N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol in Plasma

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J I Routh ◽  
N A Shane ◽  
E G Arredondo ◽  
W D Paul
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Isosbestic Point ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Salicylic Acids

Abstract Two methods for the determination of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) in plasma that differ in principle from the diazotization procedure of Brodie and Axelrod (1) are described. One method based on the differential absorption peak of APAP at 266 mµ, which corresponds to the isosbestic point of common drugs such as acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids, is simple and most specific for APAP. The other method employs a free-radical dye diphenylpicrylhydrazyl which extracts a hydrogen atom from the APAP molecule and is progressively decolorized. The dye method is the least complex and most sensitive. All three methods exhibited satisfactory replication, recovery of added APAP, and comparable plasma levels of the drug.

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