Observation of a Bean Model Limit—A Large Decrease in Required Applied Activation Field for TFMs

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Weinstein ◽  
Drew Parks ◽  
Ravi-Persad Sawh ◽  
Kent Davey ◽  
Keith Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Large Decrease ◽  
Bean Model

STUDIES OF F ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN HIGH-Tc (Bi,Pb)SrCaCu(O,F) SUPERCONDUCTORS

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (17) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132
Author(s):  
JIANGUO CAI ◽  
XIAOLONG ZHANG ◽  
XIANGHUA ZHOU ◽  
QIN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Flux Pinning ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Residual Magnetization ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Bean Model ◽  
Pinning Potential ◽  
The Difference

In this article, the experimental results of the superconductivity in high-Tc (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3( O y, F x), x = 0–0.84, is described. Its critical current density Jc is about ten times larger than that of undoped F sample undergoing the same technology. The causes for the increase in Jc are studied by several experimental methods. The difference in quantity between Meissner effect and shield effect indicates that the effect on superconductivity is from the weak-link regions of the superconductor grains. SEM shows that F atoms doped in BPSCCO superconductor can make its grains grow larger, arrange regularly, and increase in touch area. These changes strengthen the netty link between grains. The magnitude of residual magnetization of F-doped sample is eight times as large as that of the undoped one. The flux pinning potential U0 is calculated from the Bean model. The U0 in F-doped sample (when H = 64 Oe, x = 0.64) is eight times as large as that in the undoped one.

Perivascular and tissue PO2 in contracting rat spinotrapezius muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
pp. H1192-H1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
H. G. Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Functional Hyperemia ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Tissue Po2 ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Exercise Hyperemia ◽  
Capillary Bed

This study evaluated the possibility that during skeletal muscle contractions tissue O2 tension (Po2) around arterioles and venules decreases substantially more than in the middle of the capillary bed and thereby influences functional hyperemia. Periarteriolar [H+] and [K+] were also measured because most large arterioles are in close proximity to venules such that the biochemical status of the periarteriolar tissue could be influenced by a large decrease in O2 availability in the annulet of tissue surrounding the venules. Stimulation frequencies in the range of 2-12 Hz were used to activate the rat spinotrapezius muscle. Periarteriolar and capillary bed Po2, [H+], and [K+] changed during the first few minutes of stimulation but were restored to near resting concentrations as the functional hyperemia developed. However, perivenular Po2 decreased rapidly to approximately 50-60% of the resting gas tension as contractions began, and only minor recovery occurred. Elevation of tissue and periarteriolar Po2 with an O2-enriched superfusion solution did not prevent dilation during contractions to the same diameter as during the response at very low superfusion Po2. Therefore, the extent to which O2 influences arteriolar dilation and exercise hyperemia in the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat may depend less on periarteriolar and capillary bed Po2 than on the release of vasoactive materials from the nearby perivenular tissues as the availability of O2 decreases.

scholarly journals A benefit–risk analysis of rotavirus vaccination, France, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnane Lamrani ◽  
Pascale Tubert-Bitter ◽  
Catherine Hill ◽  
Sylvie Escolano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Introduction Two vaccines available for protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), Rotarix and RotaTeq, have contributed to a large decrease in the incidence of paediatric diarrhoea in countries where they have been used. However, they have also led to a small increase in the risk of intussusception. Methods: We compare the number of prevented hospitalisations for RVGE to the number of vaccine-induced hospitalised intussusceptions in France. Results: With 9.5% coverage (French 2015 estimation), vaccination was estimated to prevent, annually, a median of 1,074 hospitalisations (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles (2.5th–97.5th): 810–1,378) and 1.4 deaths (2.5th–97.5th: 1.2–1.6) from RVGE. It was also estimated to cause, annually, 5.0 hospitalisations (2.5th–97.5th: 3.2–7.7) and 0.005 deaths (2.5th–97.5th: 0.001–0.015) from intussusception. The benefit–risk ratio is therefore 214 (2.5th–97.5th: 128–362) for hospitalisations and 273 (2.5th–97.5th: 89–1,228) for deaths. Under a hypothetical 92% coverage, rotavirus vaccination with Rotarix would avoid 10,459 (2.5th–97.5th: 7,702–13,498) hospitalisations for RVGE and induce 47.0 (2.5th–97.5th: 25.1–81.4) hospitalisations for intussusception annually, thereby preventing 13.7 (2.5th–97.5th: 11.1–15.2) deaths and inducing 0.05 (2.5th–97.5th: 0.01–0.15) deaths. Conclusion: The benefit–risk ratio in France is similar to that of other European countries.

scholarly journals An Adversarial Attacks Resistance-based Approach to Emotion Recognition from Images using Facial Landmarks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harisu Abdullahi Shehu ◽  
William Browne ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Homogeneous Representation ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Deep Learning Model ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Emotion recognition has become an increasingly important area of research due to the increasing number of CCTV cameras in the past few years. Deep network-based methods have made impressive progress in performing emotion recognition-based tasks, achieving high performance on many datasets and their related competitions such as the ImageNet challenge. However, deep networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Due to their homogeneous representation of knowledge across all images, a small change to the input image made by an adversary might result in a large decrease in the accuracy of the algorithm. By detecting heterogeneous facial landmarks using the machine learning library Dlib we hypothesize we can build robustness to adversarial attacks. The residual neural network (ResNet) model has been used as an example of a deep learning model. While the accuracy achieved by ResNet showed a decrease of up to 22%, our proposed approach has shown strong resistance to an attack and showed only a little (< 0.3%) or no decrease when the attack is launched on the data. Furthermore, the proposed approach has shown considerably less execution time compared to the ResNet model.

scholarly journals The potential of bacteriocin AS-48 in the control of Propionibacterium acnes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Cebrián ◽  
Sergio Arévalo ◽  
Samir Ananou ◽  
Salvador Arias-Santiago ◽  
Cristina Riazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Large Problem ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Dermatological Disease

Background Global reports show that the antimicrobial-resistance of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris is becoming a large problem, making it necessary to find new therapeutic drugs. Methods In this study, 23 clinical isolates of P. acnes have been identified by MaldiToff and specific PCR. The susceptibility of theses strains to antibiotics (clindamicin, erytromycin and tetracicline) and to bacteriocin (AS-48) has been established, using the CECT 5684 strain as reference. Moreover, we have investigated the potential of several chemical compounds to bolster the activity of AS-48. Finally, the effectivity of four different formulations containing AS-48 and lysozyme have been evaluated on the surface of swine-ear skin previously inoculated with P. acnes CECT5684 strain. Results. The results presented in this work probe that AS-48 has a significant bactericidal activity against the 23 clinical isolates of P. acnes, including isolates resistant to one or more common antibiotics used in the treatment of acne. Antibacterial synergy of AS-48 with other chemical compounds has been demonstrated, as was the effect of lysozyme and to a lesser extent with palmitic acid. Likewise, the use of a combination therapy into a cream formulation, resulted in large decrease in the number of viable P. acnes counts in an experiemental model. Conclusion. Once more these studios support that compositions comprising bacteriocins displaying antibacterial activity, must be considered an approach for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. These applications are particularly promising in light of emerging antibiotic resistance across bacteria involved in treatment of dermatological disease as acne vulgaris.

scholarly journals Large Decrease of Fluctuations for Supercooled Water in Hydrophobic Nanoconfinement

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Strekalova ◽  
Marco G. Mazza ◽  
H. Eugene Stanley ◽  
Giancarlo Franzese
Keyword(s):  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Large Decrease

Development of a novel 2D single coffee bean model and comparison with a 3D model under varying heating profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hamizah Abdul Ghani ◽  
Gokhan Bingol ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Brent Young
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Bean Model ◽  
Heating Profiles

Effect of age on transvascular fluid movement

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rosenthal ◽  
LA LaJohn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effect Of Age

Swellings of the mouse tail and ear were produced by subjecting them to subatmospheric pressures of minus 40 to minus 80 mmHg for 15-60 min. Increase in volume was measured volumetrically in the tail and gravimetrically in the ear. Blood volume increases in the tail, as measured with 51Cr erythrocytes, contributed a minor part of the fluid increase. Comparison of mice from 3 to 36 wk in age showed a large decrease of fluid movement with age, with major changes during the growth period. Study of permeability of the ear under decreased pressure,to intravenously administred Evans blue, showed no influence of age on permeability to the protein-bound dye. Measurement of transmission of the applied negative pressure through the skin, and of compliance of the tissues of the ear and tail in mice of different age groups, indicated that these factors were not responsible for the observed changes with age.

Pulp Mill Effluent Treatment by Fenton-Type Reactions Catalyzed by Iron Complexes

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
David Contreras ◽  
Carolina Parra ◽  
Juanita Freer ◽  
Jaime Baeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Efficient Option

Fenton reaction, which involves hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion, has been proposed as an efficient option for effluent treatment. In this work, the treatment of a pulp bleaching effluent using Fenton-type reactions assisted by either, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (CAT), were studied. The treatment was evaluated by the removal of adsorbable organochloride compounds (AOX) and toxicity. Furthermore, the degradation of 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solutions were carried out, separately. Increase in oxidative activities of Fenton-type reactions mediated by the dihydroxybenzenes (DHBs) were found. These activities enhancement were related with a higher production of activated species by Fe/DHBs/H2O2, as indicted by chemiluminesce. The large decrease in AOX values and toxicity of the treated bleaching effluent by DHBs at pH 4.0 and 7.0 showed that 2,3-DHBA enhanced the activity of the Fenton reaction. The use of 3,4-DHBA and CAT resulted in loss of efficiencies of Fenton reaction to effluent treatment but not to pure chlorophenol solutions. At pH 7.0 lower efficiencies than those at pH 4.0 were achieved.

scholarly journals LOWER CRITICAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF SUPERCONDUCTING Rb3C60

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (16n17) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. BUNTAR ◽  
U. ECKERN ◽  
C. POLITIS
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
High Field ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Critical Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Bean Model ◽  
Good Agreement

The lower critical magnetic field Hc1 of superconducting Rb 3 C 60 (Tc=28.5 K ) is estimated by different methods. The zero temperature value is found to be given by Hc1=16.2±1.0 mT, and the penetration depth is λL=215±10 nm . The Bean model analysis leads to threshold fields of 5.3 mT for T=5 K , and 4.0 mT for T=17 K . The big influence of intergranular connections on Hc1 is demonstrated. Good agreement between the low- and the high-field analysis is found.

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