Effect of age on transvascular fluid movement

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rosenthal ◽  
LA LaJohn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effect Of Age

Swellings of the mouse tail and ear were produced by subjecting them to subatmospheric pressures of minus 40 to minus 80 mmHg for 15-60 min. Increase in volume was measured volumetrically in the tail and gravimetrically in the ear. Blood volume increases in the tail, as measured with 51Cr erythrocytes, contributed a minor part of the fluid increase. Comparison of mice from 3 to 36 wk in age showed a large decrease of fluid movement with age, with major changes during the growth period. Study of permeability of the ear under decreased pressure,to intravenously administred Evans blue, showed no influence of age on permeability to the protein-bound dye. Measurement of transmission of the applied negative pressure through the skin, and of compliance of the tissues of the ear and tail in mice of different age groups, indicated that these factors were not responsible for the observed changes with age.

Effect of age on locomotion of Standardbred trotters in training

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Leleu ◽  
C Cotrel ◽  
E Barrey
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractIn Standardbreds, the main aim of early training (begun during the growth period) is the mechanization of athletes leading to a particular gait called the ‘flying trot’. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate the biomechanical and physiological factors involved in this gait change, and aimed to analyse the effect of age on gait and energetic variables in a population of Standardbred horses under training. One hundred and forty-three horses aged from two to seven years were tested on a track at three speeds (8.5, 10 and 11.6 m s−1) with a gait-analysis system. Gait variables (temporal and linear variables, symmetry, regularity, two-beat rhythm, dorso-ventral, longitudinal and lateral activities) were compared between four age groups (two-, three-, four-, and five-year-olds and above). After a standardized exercise test, two energetic variables (V4 and V200) were also compared between these groups. Most variables were influenced by age/training status. The results indicated that, from young to mature racehorses, stride length and duration increase; and gait becomes more symmetric and more regular. We also observed a decrease in dorso-ventral, longitudinal and lateral activities, i.e. a decrease of thoracic displacements. These differences could be elucidated at slow speed and were still obvious at high speed. V4 and V200 also increased significantly with age/training status. All of these results indicate an improvement in co-ordination and a decrease in metabolic cost with increasing age/training status. Thus gait acquisition could be related to an improvement in trotting efficiency.

STUDIES OF WATERFOWL IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: BUFFLE-HEAD

1942 ◽  
Vol 20d (6) ◽  
pp. 133-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Munro
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Charitonetta albeola is a common summer visitant to parts of the interior of British Columbia and is abundant on the coast region in winter. Adults arrive in the interior in advance of the yearlings and the sex ratio in early spring flocks is predominantly male. Later, both age groups associate for a short time, then the paired adults become established on nesting territories. Most of the yearling males, and subsequently the adult males, disappear for six weeks or longer. They eclipse and begin to appear again on certain lakes in August but are not plentiful until late September or early October. The yearling females remain on the breeding grounds in flocks throughout the summer. Courtship which is observed first on the coast in March reaches its greatest intensity on the interior lakes in April. Males vigorously defend their nesting territories. Eggs are laid in May and by the last week of June most of the young have appeared. Breeding females leave their broods in order to moult before the young have reached the flying stage and associate with flocks of yearling females that have gathered on certain waters where food is abundant. At this time all are excessively wary. In the interior aquatic insects are the chief food of downy young, adolescents, and adults. On certain lakes amphipods and molluscs are important foods. Fishes, where available, form a minor part of the diet. Seeds of aquatic plants are the main vegetable food except on Okanagan Lake where a larger amount of other plant material is consumed. On salt water, crustaceans and molluscs are first and small fishes, second in importance. The buffle-head is highly regarded as an object of beauty. In the interior it is of economic value as food but is not held in esteem on coast waters. No evidence of it eating commercially valuable fishes was obtained and its consumption of salmon eggs, noted on coast streams, does not reach significant proportions.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Electrostatic effects on ionization equilibria: An MNDO study of proton and hydrogen transfer reactions of 4-fluorobutylamine

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Friedl ◽  
Stanislav Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Protonated Forms ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Ionization Equilibria ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gas Phase Basicities

The relative enthalpies of proton transfer δ ΔH0and homolytic bond strengths δDH0(B-H+) were calculated by the MNDO method for the sp and ap conformers of 4-flurobutylamine. The data obtained, along with the experimental gas phase basicities, are compared with the values predicted by the electrostatic theory. It is shown that the substituent polar effects FD on the basicities of amines are predominantly due to interactions in their protonated forms (X-B-H+) and/or radical-cations (X-B+.), those in the neutral species (X-B) playing a minor part. A contribution, which is considerably more significant in the sp conformer than in the ap conformer, arises probably also from substituent effects on the homolytic bond strength DH0(B-H+.

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals An approach to assess stress in response to drive hunts using cortisol levels of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Güldenpfennig ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Oliver Keuling
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractHunting can easily be linked to stress in wildlife. Drive hunts performed two to three times in one area during the respective hunting period, are thought to decrease the pressure hunting places on wildlife. Nevertheless, the expression of cortisol—one of the main mammalian stress hormones—is considered to have negative impacts on animals’ well-being if expressed excessively, which may occur during some (especially repeated) hunting events. We explored the effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels in wild boar in Lower Saxony, Germany, compared these cortisol levels to reference values given by a similar study, and investigated the effect of age, sex, and pregnancy. Blood collected from wild boar shot on drive hunts was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. As expected, we observed elevated cortisol levels in all samples, however, we still found significant differences between age groups and sexes, as well as an influence of pregnancy on cortisol levels. The effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels appears to be weaker than predicted, while the effects of other variables, such as sex, are distinct. Only half of the evaluated samples showed explicitly increased cortisol levels and no significant differences were found between sampling months and locations. Group living animals and pregnant females showed significantly higher cortisol levels. The impact of hunting is measurable but is masked by natural effects such as pregnancy. Thus, we need more information on stress levels in game species.

Formation and dynamics of Saturn and its disk simulated by using a new N-body model

Open Physics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pavlov ◽  
Y. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Interaction ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Body Self ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe formation of Saturn and its disk is simulated using a new N-body self-gravitational model. It is demonstrated that the formation of the disk and the planet is the result of gravitational contraction of a slowly rotated particle cloud that have a shape of slightly deformed sphere. The sphere was flattened by a coefficient of 0.8 along the axis of rotation. During the gravitational contraction, the major part of the cloud transformed into a planet and a minor part transformed into a disk. The thin structured disk is a result of the electromagnetic interaction in which the magnetic forces acting on charged particles of the cloud originate in the core of the planet. The simulation program gives such parameters of Saturn as the escape velocity of about 35 km/s at the surface, density, rotational velocities of the rings and temperature distribution.

scholarly journals BLOOD VOLUME ESTIMATION IN NEONATES USING 99m-TC-LABELLED ERYTHROCYTES AND EVANS BLUE

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
O Linderkamp ◽  
K Lorenzen ◽  
C Schmid ◽  
H T Versmold ◽  
K P Riegel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Volume Estimation

scholarly journals Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five  in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months  were fed   ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23

scholarly journals Energy release and conversion by reconnection in the magnetotail

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3365-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Birn ◽  
M. Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ohmic Dissipation ◽  
Particle Simulations ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection is the crucial process in the release of magnetic energy previously stored in the magnetotail in association with substorms. However, energy transfer and dissipation in the vicinity of the reconnection site is only a minor part of the energy conversion. We discuss the energy release, transport, and conversion based on large-scale resistive MHD simulations of magnetotail dynamics and more localized full particle simulations of reconnection. We address in particular, where the energy is released, how it propagates and where and how it is converted from one form into another. We find that Joule (or ohmic) dissipation plays only a minor role in the overall energy transfer. Bulk kinetic energy, although locally significant in the outflow from the reconnection site, plays a more important role as mediator or catalyst in the transfer between magnetic and thermal energy. Generator regions with potential auroral consequences are located primarily off the equatorial plane in the boundary regions of the plasma sheet.

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