This concluding chapter explores future avenues for research and what remains to be done if the computer-modeling projects aimed at understanding the mysteries of the brain are to progress. In particular, it considers the problem of constructing synthetic brains and the reasons why the long-range project of understanding how the brain works should engender such constructive ambitions. It also discusses three ways of addressing the constructive problem: Carver Mead's strategy of building artificial neural structures, such as retinas and cochleas, using silicon-based CMOS VLSI technology; Dana Ballard's method of integrating perception with motor control; and Rodney Brook's method which involves making mobots capable of getting around in the world using limited reflex repertoires. The chapter concludes with an assessment of theoretical and ethical questions about what to do with the knowledge gained from computational neuroscience.