Optimal codes with small constant weight in ℓ1-metric

How to predict the relationship among particle size and among product size, to establish the relationship between the granularity and working parameters in the process of grinding and to determine the optimum operating parameters. With proposing BS squeeze crush model by L. Bass and the idea of roll surface division as the material uneven extrusion force are adopted. Based on field experiments the experimental data is analyzed, the select function and the breakage functions are fitted with MATLAB software, and obtaining their model. The comminution model is determined by the roller division. We obtain the model parameter through the experimental data. Through model analysis shows: the relationship between particle breakage and energy absorption, namely the smaller size of the same power, the lower broken; the breakage diminishes with the decrease of particle size ratio and it will be tending to a small constant when the smaller particle size ratio. The breakage functions rapidly decrease within ratio of between 0.2-0.7. This shows: the energy consumption will rapidly increase when the particle size of less than 0.2 in broken; the selection diminish with the decrease of particle size. Pressure (8-9MPa) should be the most appropriate value.

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Incorporation of Spirulina platensis on Traditional Greek Soft Cheese with Respect to Its Nutritional and Sensory Perspectives

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Loulouda Bosnea ◽

Antonia Terpou ◽

Eleni Pappa ◽

Efthymia Kondyli ◽

Marios Mataragas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Constant Weight ◽

High Protein Content ◽

Microbiological Profile ◽

Soft Cheese ◽

Evaluation Panel ◽

Cheese Production

Spirulina platensis, the most popular microalgae species known for its high protein content and bioactive compounds such as phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, has been studied for cheese fortification. Incorporation of spirulina in dairy products poses major sensorial challenges due to its characteristic odor and its insolubility in food formulation, thus limiting consumer acceptance. The main objective was the production of a novel spread cheese fortified with spirulina, so powdered spirulina was added at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and the effect on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics was assessed. Cheese samples were examined for pH, fat (Gerber-Van Gulik method), salt (Volhard method), protein (Kjeldahl), and moisture content by drying to constant weight at 102 ± 1 °C. Cheeses were also assessed organoleptically by five experienced panelists. Generally, the addition of spirulina slightly increased the protein content and affected the color of the cheeses. The cheeses achieved a good microbiological profile and were all characterized as acceptable for consumption by the panelists. However, the cheeses with 0.25 and 0.5% spirulina were mostly preferred by the evaluation panel due to the less intense characteristic odor and taste of spirulina. We conclude that it is possible to produce an acceptable spread cheese with the addition of spirulina without significant changes in the cheese production line.

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Four classes of new entanglement-assisted quantum optimal codes

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing ◽

10.1007/s12190-021-01523-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaojing Chen ◽

Shixin Zhu ◽

Wan Jiang ◽

Binbin Pang

Keyword(s):

Optimal Codes

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EFFECTS OF BREED AND SEX ON THE PATTERNS OF FAT DEPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION IN SWINE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-031 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 223-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. D. M. JONES ◽

R. J. RICHMOND ◽

M. A. PRICE ◽

R. B. BERG

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sex Type ◽

Breed Differences

The growth and distribution of fat from 163 pig carcasses were compared among five breeds (Duroc × Yorkshire (D × Y), Hampshire × Yorkshire (H × Y), Yorkshire (Y × Y), Yorkshire × Lacombe-Yorkshire (Y × L-Y) and Lacombe × Yorkshire (L × Y)) and two sex-types (barrows and gilts) over a wide range in carcass weight. The growth pattern of fat and the fat depots were estimated from the allometric equation (Y = aXb) using side muscle weight and side fat weight separately as independent variables. Growth coefficients (b) for intermuscular and subcutaneous fat depots were similar for the hindquarter but the intermuscular depot coefficient was slightly higher for the forequarter. The coefficient for body cavity fat was highest in all comparisons. No significant differences were detected for coefficients among breeds and between sexes using both total muscle and total side fat as independent variables. Significant breed and sex-type differences were found in the fat depots at a constant weight of side muscle. This would indicate that breed differences in fatness seemed to be more influenced by the initiation of fattening at different muscle weights than by any inherent differences in rate of fattening. Significant breed differences were also found in the fat depots at a constant fat weight, indicating that breed may influence fat distribution. Sex-type had no effect on fat distribution when the evaluation was made at constant fatness.

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On Computing Multilinear Polynomials Using Multi- r -ic Depth Four Circuits

ACM Transactions on Computation Theory ◽

10.1145/3460952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Suryajith Chillara

Keyword(s):

Lower Bound ◽

Lower Bounds ◽

Complexity Measure ◽

Natural Question ◽

Multilinear Polynomial ◽

Arithmetic Circuit ◽

Theory Of Computing ◽

Small Constant ◽

Multilinear Polynomials ◽

The Individual

In this article, we are interested in understanding the complexity of computing multilinear polynomials using depth four circuits in which the polynomial computed at every node has a bound on the individual degree of r ≥ 1 with respect to all its variables (referred to as multi- r -ic circuits). The goal of this study is to make progress towards proving superpolynomial lower bounds for general depth four circuits computing multilinear polynomials, by proving better bounds as the value of r increases. Recently, Kayal, Saha and Tavenas (Theory of Computing, 2018) showed that any depth four arithmetic circuit of bounded individual degree r computing an explicit multilinear polynomial on n O (1) variables and degree d must have size at least ( n / r 1.1 ) Ω(√ d / r ) . This bound, however, deteriorates as the value of r increases. It is a natural question to ask if we can prove a bound that does not deteriorate as the value of r increases, or a bound that holds for a larger regime of r . In this article, we prove a lower bound that does not deteriorate with increasing values of r , albeit for a specific instance of d = d ( n ) but for a wider range of r . Formally, for all large enough integers n and a small constant η, we show that there exists an explicit polynomial on n O (1) variables and degree Θ (log 2 n ) such that any depth four circuit of bounded individual degree r ≤ n η must have size at least exp(Ω(log 2 n )). This improvement is obtained by suitably adapting the complexity measure of Kayal et al. (Theory of Computing, 2018). This adaptation of the measure is inspired by the complexity measure used by Kayal et al. (SIAM J. Computing, 2017).

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Constant Transmission Efficiency Dimming Control Scheme for VLC Systems

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8010007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Jia-Ning Guo ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Gang Xin ◽

Lin Li

Keyword(s):

Visible Light Communication ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Error Performance ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Block Coding ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Control Schemes ◽

Indoor Wireless ◽

Communication Function ◽

Dimming Control

As a novel mode of indoor wireless communication, visible light communication (VLC) should consider the illumination functions besides the primary communication function. Dimming control is one of the most crucial illumination functions for VLC systems. However, the transmission efficiency of most proposed dimming control schemes changes as the dimming factor changes. A block coding-based dimming control scheme has been proposed for constant transmission efficiency VLC systems, but there is still room for improvement in dimming range and error performance. In this paper, we propose a dimming control scheme based on extensional constant weight codeword sets to achieve constant transmission efficiency. Meanwhile, we also provide a low implementation complexity decoding algorithm for the scheme. Finally, comparisons show that the proposed scheme can provide a wider dimming range and better error performance.

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Hamming distances of constacyclic codes of length 3p and optimal codes with respect to the Griesmer and Singleton bounds

Finite Fields and Their Applications ◽

10.1016/j.ffa.2020.101794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 101794

Author(s):

Hai Q. Dinh ◽

Xiaoqiang Wang ◽

Hongwei Liu ◽

Woraphon Yamaka

Keyword(s):

Constacyclic Codes ◽

Optimal Codes

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Influence of dietary proteins on rennin and pepsin content of preruminant calf vell

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900014862 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pascaline Garnot ◽

E. Valles ◽

J.-L. Thapon ◽

R. Toullec ◽

R. Tomassone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Total Activity ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Dietary Proteins ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Cellulose Column ◽

Qualitative Analyses

SummaryStudies were undertaken to determine the influence of dietary proteins on the rennin and pepsin contents of preruminant calf vell. Three groups of 12 Friesian calves were each fed either milk proteins, whey proteins or a 50:50 mixture of these 2 diets. They were slaughtered at a constant weight of 150kg and their vells collected and dried. Another group of vells was obtained from 8 animals that had been fed milk proteins in a separate experiment. The extraction of the abomasal enzymes was carried out at acid pH, and the extracts were quantitatively analysed for rennin and pepsin by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Qualitative analyses were also performed by agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The only enzymes observed using this last method were rennin and bovine pepsin II. Statistical analysis of the quantitative enzyme determinations indicated a trend for the vells from calves fed diets containing casein to be richer in total activity and in rennin, while the level of pepsin remained approximately constant. It seems that casein may induce the secretion of rennin. However, further experiments will be necessary to confirm this. Important differences were observed between the 2 groups of veils from calves given the same diet, but grown in slightly different conditions.

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