Complementary base station clustering for cost-effective and energy-efficient cloud-RAN

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO CONTROL INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND COMFORT IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING RETROFITTING

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2015.160 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1487-1494 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marco Arnesano ◽

Gian Marco Revel ◽

Filippo Pietroni ◽

Jurgen Frick ◽

Manuela Reichert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Energy Efficient Building

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A Split Network based Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Network to Enhance Network Stability

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327909666190208152955 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 480-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hardeep S. Saini ◽

Dinesh Arora

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Base Station ◽

Operating Efficiency ◽

Network Stability ◽

Major Factors ◽

Ch Selection

Background & Objective: The operating efficiency of a sensor network totally relies upon the energy that is consumed by the nodes to perform various tasks like data transmission etc. Thus, it becomes mandatory to consume the energy in an intelligent way so that the network can run for a long period. This paper proposed an energy efficient Cluster Head (CH) selection mechanism by considering the distance to Base Station (BS), distance to node and energy as major factors. The concept of volunteer node is also introduced with an objective to reduce the energy consumption of the CH to transmit data from source to BS. The role of the volunteer node is to transmit the data successfully from source to destination or BS. Conclusion: The results are observed with respect to the Alive nodes, dead nodes and energy consumption of the network. The outcome of the proposed work proves that it outperforms the traditional mechanisms.

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Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC) for Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications ◽

10.2174/2213275912666190404162447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 168-172

Author(s):

Ravi Kumar Poluru ◽

M. Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽

Syed Muzamil Basha ◽

Rizwan Patan ◽

Suresh Kallam

Keyword(s):

Network Lifetime ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

High Energy ◽

Base Station ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Stability Period ◽

Energy Efficient Clustering

Background:Recently Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a composed of a full number of arbitrarily dispensed energy-constrained sensor nodes. The sensor nodes help in sensing the data and then it will transmit it to sink. The Base station will produce a significant amount of energy while accessing the sensing data and transmitting data. High energy is required to move towards base station when sensing and transmitting data. WSN possesses significant challenges like saving energy and extending network lifetime. In WSN the most research goals in routing protocols such as robustness, energy efficiency, high reliability, network lifetime, fault tolerance, deployment of nodes and latency. Most of the routing protocols are based upon clustering has been proposed using heterogeneity. For optimizing energy consumption in WSN, a vital technique referred to as clustering.Methods:To improve the lifetime of network and stability we have proposed an Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC).Results:In simulation results describes the protocol performs better regarding network lifetime and packet delivery capacity compared to EEDEC and DEEC algorithm. Stability period and network lifetime are improved in EADEEC compare to DEEC and EDEEC.Conclusion:The EADEEC is overall Lifetime of a cluster is improved to perform the network operation: Data transfer, Node Lifetime and stability period of the cluster. EADEEC protocol evidently tells that it improved the throughput, extended the lifetime of network, longevity, and stability compared with DEEC and EDEEC.

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Preparation of a cost-effective, scalable and energy efficient all-copper redox flow battery

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.176 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

David Lloyd ◽

Eva Magdalena ◽

Laura Sanz ◽

Lasse Murtomäki ◽

Kyösti Kontturi

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery

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Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4368

Author(s):

Jitander Kumar Pabani ◽

Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto ◽

Waheeduddin Hyder ◽

Pablo Otero

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Real Life ◽

Base Station ◽

Fuzzy Decision Making ◽

Underwater Sensor Networks ◽

Packet Forwarding ◽

Node Number ◽

The Impact

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

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