Skin microbiome differences relate to the grade of acne vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun‐xi Li ◽  
Zhi‐xuan You ◽  
Yan‐xia Lin ◽  
Hai‐yue Liu ◽  
Jin Su
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome

scholarly journals ID3024 Polymeric nanoparticles display bactericidal effect and selective fermentation for the treatment of acne vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (S) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ming-Fa Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne in specific group (pregnant women) of patients can lead to serious complications. We have previously demonstrated that the nanoparticles made of block copolymers of poly (ethylene glycol) and poly(e-caprolactone) can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a bacterium highly associated with the progress of acne vulgaris in the human skin [Polymers 2016; 8, 321]. To reduce the amount of antibiotics used in the treatment of skin acne, we have further demonstrated that a bacterium in the human skin microbiome can utilize PEG-based polymers to produce various short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which suppressed the growth of P. acnes. PEG-based polymers were chosen as selective fermentation initiators which specifically induced the fermentation of the skin commensal bacterium but not P. acnes. Interestingly, PEG-based polymers can efficiently suppress the growth of P. acnes. An acne ex vivo explant was established by using acne biopsies collected from patients with acne vulgaris at the early and middle stages. The levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-8 cytokine in early- and middle-staged acnes were significantly higher than those in healthy skins. Incubation of acne ex vivo explants with sucrose remarkably reduced the level of IL-8 and the number of P. acnes. Results from mouse studies revealed that PEG-based polymer functions as antibiotic adjuvants which can considerably reduce the effective doses of clindamycin, a clinically-used acne antibiotic

scholarly journals Skin Microbiome and Acne Vulgaris: Staphylococcus, a New Actor in Acne

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. s54
Author(s):  
B Dreno ◽  
R Martin ◽  
A Khammari ◽  
D Moyal ◽  
J B Henley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome

Abstract Not Available

scholarly journals Skin microbiome and acne vulgaris : Staphylococcus , a new actor in acne

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 798-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Dreno ◽  
Richard Martin ◽  
Dominique Moyal ◽  
Jessica B. Henley ◽  
Amir Khammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome

scholarly journals Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) granulosum Extracellular DNase BmdE Targeting Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes Biofilm Matrix, a Novel Inter-Species Competition Mechanism

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Bronnec ◽  
Hinnerk Eilers ◽  
Anika C. Jahns ◽  
Hélène Omer ◽  
Oleg A. Alexeyev
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Propionibacterium Granulosum ◽  
Extracellular Nuclease

Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder worldwide affecting more than 80% of adolescents and young adults with a global prevalence of 231 million cases in 2019. The involvement of the skin microbiome disbalance in the pathophysiology of acne is recognized, especially regarding the relative abundance and diversity of Propionibacterium acnes a well-known dominant human skin commensal. Biofilms, where bacteria are embedded into a protective polymeric extracellular matrix, are the most prevalent life style for microorganisms. P. acnes and its biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor in the development of acne vulgaris, the persistence of the opportunistic pathogen and antibiotic therapy failures. Degradation of the extracellular matrix is one of the strategies used by bacteria to disperse the biofilm of competitors. In this study, we report the identification of an endogenous extracellular nuclease, BmdE, secreted by Propionibacterium granulosum able to degrade P. acnes biofilm both in vivo and in vitro. This, to our knowledge, may represent a novel competitive mechanism between two closely related species in the skin. Antibiotics targeting P. acnes have been the mainstay in acne treatment. Extensive and long-term use of antibiotics has led to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. The extracellular DNase BmdE may represent a new bio-therapeutical strategy to combat P. acnes biofilm in acne vulgaris.

scholarly journals Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Britta De Pessemier ◽  
Lynda Grine ◽  
Melanie Debaere ◽  
Aglaya Maes ◽  
Bernhard Paetzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the skin microbiome altered, but also surprisingly many skin diseases are accompanied by an altered gut microbiome. The microbiome is a key regulator for the immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating with tissues and organs in a bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and even skin cancer. Here, we focus on the associations between the microbiome, diet, metabolites, and immune responses in skin pathologies. This review describes an exhaustive list of common skin conditions with associated dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as the current body of evidence on gut microbiome dysbiosis, dietary links, and their interplay with skin conditions. An enhanced understanding of the local skin and gut microbiome including the underlying mechanisms is necessary to shed light on the microbial involvement in human skin diseases and to develop new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Engineering selectivity of Cutibacterium acnes phages by epigenetic imprinting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastassia Knoedlseder ◽  
Guillermo Nevot ◽  
Mariajosé Fábrega ◽  
Júlia Mir-Pedrol ◽  
Marta Sanvicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Methylation Activity

Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a gram-positive bacterium and a member of the human skin microbiome. Despite being the most abundant skin commensal, certain members have been associated with common inflammatory disorders such as acne vulgaris. The availability of the complete genome sequences from various C. acnes clades have enabled the identification of putative methyltransferases, some of them potentially belonging to restriction-modification (R-M) systems which protect the host of invading DNA. However, little is known on whether these systems are functional in the different C. acnes strains. To investigate the activity of these putative R-M and their relevance in host protective mechanisms, we analyzed the methylome of seven representative C. acnes strains by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing. We detected the presence of a 6-methyladenine modification at a defined DNA consensus sequence in strain KPA171202 and recombinant expression of this R-M system confirmed its methylation activity. Additionally, a R-M knockout mutant verified the loss of methylation properties of the strain. We studied the potential of one C. acnes bacteriophage (PAD20) in killing various C. acnes strains and linked an increase in its specificity to phage DNA methylation acquired upon infection of a methylation competent strain. We demonstrate a therapeutic application of this mechanism where phages propagated in R-M deficient strains selectively kill R-M deficient acne-prone clades while probiotic ones remain resistant to phage infection.

COMPARISON OF MALASSEZIA SPP. PROPORTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY AND NON-INFLAMMATORY FACIAL ACNE VULGARIS LESIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
AGASSI SUSENO SUTARJO ◽  
IRMA BERNADETTE S. SITOHANG ◽  
MARDIASTUTI H. WAHID ◽  
SANDRA WIDATY
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Malassezia Spp ◽  
Spore Load ◽  
Facial Acne

Objective: The skin microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris (AV). Among other species, Malassezia spp. can be found in the pilosebaceous follicle. However, its role on the pathogenesis of AV has not yet been described. The objective of this study was to identify the presence and the distribution of Malassezia spp. in facial AV lesions and also to compare the distribution of Malassezia spp. between inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects were allocated into two groups: inflammatory lesions and non-inflammatory lesions. Samples were taken from hair follicles and examined by microscopy using 20% potassium hydroxide and Parker ink and cultured for species identification. Results: There was no difference in the spore load between the two groups (p=0.142). Malassezia spp. were isolated from 64.2% of subjects and consisted of M. dermatis (43%), M. sympodialis (18%), M. slooffiae (16%), M. japonica (5%), M. furfur (5%), M. pachydermatis (3%), and M. restricta (1%). There was a higher Malassezia spp. proportion in non-inflammatory lesions (p=0.019). The predominant species in inflammatory AV lesions was M. dermatis (45,8%), followed by M. sympodialis (17.1%), and M. slooffiae (11.4%). Conclusion: Malassezia spp. were found in facial acne lesions. M. dermatis was the predominant species found in facial AV, followed by M. sympodialis, and M. slooffiae. A higher proportion of Malassezia spp. was found in non-inflammatory lesions.

scholarly journals Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph McLaughlin ◽  
Steven Watterson ◽  
Alison M. Layton ◽  
Anthony J. Bjourson ◽  
Emma Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Intraspecies Diversity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sequence Types

The anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the common skin disease acne vulgaris. Over the last 10 years our understanding of the taxonomic and intraspecies diversity of this bacterium has increased tremendously, and with it the realisation that particular strains are associated with skin health while others appear related to disease. This extensive review will cover our current knowledge regarding the association of P. acnes phylogroups, clonal complexes and sequence types with acne vulgaris based on multilocus sequence typing of isolates, and direct ribotyping of the P. acnes strain population in skin microbiome samples based on 16S rDNA metagenomic data. We will also consider how multi-omic and biochemical studies have facilitated our understanding of P. acnes pathogenicity and interactions with the host, thus providing insights into why certain lineages appear to have a heightened capacity to contribute to acne vulgaris development, while others are positively associated with skin health. We conclude with a discussion of new therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for acne vulgaris, including vaccination, and consider the potential of these treatments to also perturb beneficial lineages of P. acnes on the skin.

scholarly journals Circulating Antibodies to Skin Bacteria Detected by Serological Lateral Flow Immunoassays Differentially Correlated With Bacterial Abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Yuki Huang ◽  
Chuen Neng Lee ◽  
Shabbir Moochhala
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Circulating Antibodies

The serological lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was used to detect circulating antibodies to skin bacteria. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome revealed a high relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes but low abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium aurimucosum on human facial samples. Yet, results from both LFIA and antibody titer quantification in 96-well microplates illustrated antibody titers that were not correspondent, and instead negatively correlated, to their respective abundance with human blood containing higher concentrations of antibodies to both S. aureus and C. aurimucosum than C. acnes. Acne vulgaris develops several unique microbial and cellular features, but its correlation with circulating antibodies to bacteria in the pilosebaceous unit remains unknown. Results here revealed that antibodies to C. acnes and S. aureus were approximately 3-fold higher and 1.5-fold lower, respectively, in acne patients than in healthy subjects. Although the results can be further validated by larger sample sizes, the proof-of-concept study demonstrates a newfound discrepancy between the abundance of skin bacteria and amounts of their corresponding antibodies. And in light of acne-correlated amplified titers of specific anticommensal antibodies, we highlight that profiling these antibodies in the pilosebaceous unit by LFIAs may provide a unique signature for monitoring acne vulgaris.

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