scholarly journals Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph McLaughlin ◽  
Steven Watterson ◽  
Alison M. Layton ◽  
Anthony J. Bjourson ◽  
Emma Barnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Intraspecies Diversity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sequence Types

The anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the common skin disease acne vulgaris. Over the last 10 years our understanding of the taxonomic and intraspecies diversity of this bacterium has increased tremendously, and with it the realisation that particular strains are associated with skin health while others appear related to disease. This extensive review will cover our current knowledge regarding the association of P. acnes phylogroups, clonal complexes and sequence types with acne vulgaris based on multilocus sequence typing of isolates, and direct ribotyping of the P. acnes strain population in skin microbiome samples based on 16S rDNA metagenomic data. We will also consider how multi-omic and biochemical studies have facilitated our understanding of P. acnes pathogenicity and interactions with the host, thus providing insights into why certain lineages appear to have a heightened capacity to contribute to acne vulgaris development, while others are positively associated with skin health. We conclude with a discussion of new therapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for acne vulgaris, including vaccination, and consider the potential of these treatments to also perturb beneficial lineages of P. acnes on the skin.

scholarly journals Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Tremylla Johnson ◽  
Tracy Ngo ◽  
Uma Arora ◽  
Gunilla Leuterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium humerusii strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with P. acnes type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than P. acnes type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. P. acnes strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B12 supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated P. acnes strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most Propionibacterium strains harboring the deoR repressor gene, with the exception of P. acnes strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of P. acnes as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of Propionibacterium acnes, the most dominant skin Propionibacterium, and other resident skin propionibacteria, including P. granulosum, P. avidum, and P. humerusii. We revealed that P. acnes type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.

scholarly journals Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Britta De Pessemier ◽  
Lynda Grine ◽  
Melanie Debaere ◽  
Aglaya Maes ◽  
Bernhard Paetzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the skin microbiome altered, but also surprisingly many skin diseases are accompanied by an altered gut microbiome. The microbiome is a key regulator for the immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating with tissues and organs in a bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and even skin cancer. Here, we focus on the associations between the microbiome, diet, metabolites, and immune responses in skin pathologies. This review describes an exhaustive list of common skin conditions with associated dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as the current body of evidence on gut microbiome dysbiosis, dietary links, and their interplay with skin conditions. An enhanced understanding of the local skin and gut microbiome including the underlying mechanisms is necessary to shed light on the microbial involvement in human skin diseases and to develop new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Faulty Dietary Habits vis-à-vis Acne Vulgaris: An Epidemiological Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talekar Manisha ◽  
Mandal Sisir Kumar ◽  
Deshmukh Prashant Nareshrao ◽  
Vaish Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Background: In day to day life, person consumes an incompatible diet and faulty food habits which leads to most of the diseases. Yuvanapidaka (Acne vulgaris) is one of the common skin disease which is affected by faulty dietary intake.Aims and Objective: To conduct a survey study on faulty dietary habits in Acne vulgaris patients and to find out cause-effect relationship between them.Materials and Methods: Total 210 patients having signs and symptoms of Acne vulgaris were selected from NIA O.P.D., I.P.D., various camps in Jaipur & certain junk food outlets. Patients were screened on the basis of specially prepared questionnaires.Results: On survey study, 100% patients were consuming Junk food & dairy products & incompatible diet. Maximum no. of patients was taking high glycemic index diets which play an important role in aggravation of acne.Conclusion: Maximum prevalence of faulty dietary habits was found in patients. So it was concluded that dairy products, incompatible diets, high glycemic index diet, junk foods which is responsible for formation of acne vulgaris. 

Citrula Gel dari Limbah Kulit Buah Semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) sebagai Antijerawat (Acne vulgaris)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yola Anggraeni ◽  
Tika Ambarwati ◽  
Irmas Miranti ◽  
Erza Genatrika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Carbopol 940

Jerawat  didefinisikan  sebagai  peradangan  kronik  dari  folikel  polisebasea  yang disebabkan  oleh  beberapa  faktor  dengan  gambaran  klinis  yang  khas.  Salah  satu tanaman  yang  dapat  mengatasi  jerawat  yaitu semangka.  Kulit buah semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) memiliki   senyawa antibakteri di antaranya  alkaloid,  fenol,  saponin,  dan  terpenoid.  Dalam penelitian ini ekstrak limbah  kulit  buah semangka diformulasikan   dalam   sediaan   gel.   Tahap   penelitian   yang menggunakan  rancangan  acak  lengkap ini meliputi  penyiapan  dan  pengumpulan simplisia   limbah   kulit   buah   semangka,   ekstraksi,   uji kandungan senyawa, formulasi gel, evaluasi sifat fisik sediaan gel, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri  terhadap  bakteri  Propionibacterium acnes  dan  Staphylococcus  aureus. Ekstraksi yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan penyari kloroform. Uji kandungan senyawa dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penapisan fitokimia meliputi uji alkaloid, uji triterpenoid, uji fenol, dan uji saponin. Ekstrak kulit buah semangka dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, dan 15% kemudian diformulasikan dengan carbopol 940 dan dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi sifat fisik gel, di antaranya uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji pH, dan uji viskositas. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari formulasi ekstrak kulit buah semangka dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil formulasi terbaik pada formulasi gel menghasilkan gel yang homogen, lekat, menyebar, pH yang cocok dengan kulit, dan memiliki viskositas yang cukup baik. Hasil terbaik dari zona hambat uji antibakteri pada bakteri Propionibacterium acnes yaitu 5,23 mm dan pada bakteri Staphylococcus  aureus yaitu 5,80 mm.

Dermatology in primary care: an audit of the proportion of patients who present to general practice with a dermatological problem that could be self-managed

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711053
Author(s):  
Luamar Dolfini ◽  
Yogesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Record System ◽  
Common Skin

BackgroundA considerable proportion of GPs’ workload is dermatological. It is important to investigate what common skin conditions encountered in primary care can be self-managed, in an effort to alleviate the burden on primary care.AimThe purpose of the audit was to identify the proportion of consultations that are dermatological in nature and analyse potential for self-management by patients.MethodData was collected using the patient electronic record system (EMIS) in general practice. A search was made for all consultations from the 17 April to 15 May 2019, which included all new presenting complaints that were dermatological in nature. The criteria for self-management included advising over the counter (OTC) medication or reassurance. On the other hand, a case was deemed not self-manageable if prescription only medication (POM) was prescribed or if a referral to dermatology was made.ResultsThere were a total of 2175 consultations, where 246 (11.31%) cases were dermatological. Of the 246, 80 cases (32.5%) could be self-managed. There were 46 different dermatological presenting complaints of which the 5 most common included: rash (51 cases), dermatitis (44 cases), acne vulgaris (13 cases), moles (12 cases), dry skin (11 cases). None of the acne or moles cases could be self-managed, whereas 23%, 68.2%, 72.7% of rashes, dermatitis, and dry skin cases, respectively, could be self-managed.ConclusionCertain dermatological conditions have more potential for self-management than others. Research into teledermatology as a means of addressing patient concern and providing clinical information is important in order to reduce unnecessary consultations.

Sidharthakadi Lepa in Mukhadushika - A Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Angadi ◽  
Rekha J.
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
External Application ◽  
Acne Lesion ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Component

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common malady of adolescents. It is common enough to be called as a physiological process but is better regarded as a disease due to its inflammatory component and the disfigurement. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder of pilosebaceous unit that primarily affects the face which if not treated leads to pigmentation. Mukhadushika is a Kshudra Roga which mainly involves Kapha and Vatadosa with Raktha. This is a common illness affecting 80 % of adolescents. Lepa is one of the external therapies explained in Ayurvedic classics. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Sidharthakadilepa in the management of mukhadushikaw.s.r. to acne vulgaris. Methods: 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. They were given Sidharthakadi Lepa for external application over face for one month. Patients were observed for changes on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. The response to therapy was evaluated at the end of 28 days by calculating acne lesion score and the efficacy was determined by the percentage reduction in ALS. Results: The analysis revealed that 40% of patients had complete remission, 30% patients showed marked improvement and 30% showed moderate improvement.

scholarly journals Immune Actions on the Peripheral Nervous System in Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Jessica Aijia Liu ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Chi Wai Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Cellular Changes

Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain sensitizations. In response to stimuli, nociceptors release various mediators from their terminals that potently activate and recruit immune cells, whereas infiltrated immune cells further promote sensitization of nociceptors and the transition from acute to chronic pain by producing cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators and growth factors. Immune cells not only play roles in pain production but also contribute to PNS repair and pain resolution by secreting anti-inflammatory or analgesic effectors. Here, we discuss the distinct roles of four major types of immune cells (monocyte/macrophage, neutrophil, mast cell, and T cell) acting on the PNS during pain process. Integration of this current knowledge will enhance our understanding of cellular changes and molecular mechanisms underlying pain pathogenies, providing insights for developing new therapeutic strategies.

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