Imagination and Memory

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne Garry ◽  
Devon L.L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
False Memories ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Imagination Inflation ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Source Confusion ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Change Memory ◽  
False Event

A growing body of literature shows that imagining contrary-to-truth experiences can change memory. Recent experiments are reviewed to show that when people think about or imagine a false event, entire false memories can be implanted. Imagination inflation can occur even when there is no overt social pressure, and when hypothetical events are imagined only briefly. Overall, studies of imagination inflation show that imagining a counter-factual event can make subjects more confident that it actually occurred. We discuss possible mechanisms for imagination inflation and find that, with evidence supporting the involvement of both source confusion and familiarity in creating inflation, the primary mechanism is still to be determined. We briefly review evidence on individual differences in susceptibility to inflation. Finally, the widespread use of imagination-based techniques in self-help and clinical contexts suggests that there may be practical implications when imagination is used as a therapeutic tool.

How Do People Share Their Positive Events?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara A. Palmer ◽  
Meagan A. Ramsey ◽  
Jennifer N. Morey ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Sharing Patterns ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. Research suggests that sharing positive events with others is beneficial for well-being, yet little is known about how positive events are shared with others and who is most likely to share their positive events. The current study expanded on previous research by investigating how positive events are shared and individual differences in how people share these events. Participants (N = 251) reported on their likelihood to share positive events in three ways: capitalizing (sharing with close others), bragging (sharing with someone who may become jealous or upset), and mass-sharing (sharing with many people at once using communication technology) across a range of positive scenarios. Using cluster analysis, five meaningful profiles of sharing patterns emerged. These profiles were associated with gender, Big Five personality traits, narcissism, and empathy. Individuals who tended to brag when they shared their positive events were more likely to be men, reported less agreeableness, less conscientiousness, and less empathy, whereas those who tended to brag and mass-share reported the highest levels of narcissism. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for the growing body of research on sharing positive events.

scholarly journals Teacher Authority in Long-Lasting Cases of Bullying: A Qualitative Study from Norway and Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Risanger Sjursø ◽  
Hildegunn Fandrem ◽  
James O’Higgins Norman ◽  
Erling Roland
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teacher Authority ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Traditional Victimization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Special Responsibility ◽  
Class Teacher ◽  
Practical Implications

A growing body of research shows a correlation between an authoritative school climate and lower levels of bullying. One objective of this study is to conceptualize authoritative intervention in bullying cases. A second goal is to explore whether, and how, the pupils, having experienced traditional and /or cyber victimization, perceive that the class teacher is demonstrating authoritative leadership when intervening in long-lasting cases of bullying. Class teacher refers to the teacher that has a special responsibility for the class. The article presents the findings from nine semi-structured interviews with four Irish and five Norwegian pupils. The informants were between 12 to 18 years of age and had experienced either traditional victimization or both traditional and cyber victimization for 1 to 7 years. The informants were selected because their cases had been reported as resolved. The findings showed no descriptions of the class teacher that appeared to fit with the authoritative style of leadership, both high on warmth and control. The possible practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Eutectic Sb7.4Te92.6 thin film for non-volatile phase-change memories

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbon ◽  
Vitaliy Bilovol ◽  
Emiliano Javier Di Liscia ◽  
Bibiana Arcondo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Memory ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Volatile Phase ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Change Memory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure and electrical properties of eutectic Sb7.4Te92.6 as made thin films to evaluate their potentiality for application to non-volatile phase-change memories. Design/methodology/approach The films were prepared by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction in grazing-incident geometry, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy and transversal current–voltage curves. Findings The memory effect state, characteristic of a typical phase-change memory material, was observed. The temperature of crystallization was about 100ºC. Research limitations/implications Further studies on endurance, scaling and SET/RESET operations are needed. Practical implications One of the main characteristic values, the hold voltage and the threshold voltage values, were about 0.85 and 1.2 V, respectively, in a line with those of Ge2Sb2Te5, GeTe and Sb2Te being considered to date as the main compounds for phase-change memory devices. Originality/value The conduction mechanism in the amorphous regime is highly agreed with the Poole–Frenkel effect in deep traps.

scholarly journals The adaptation of metaphors across genres

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Semino
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper I consider the ways in which a metaphor that was first introduced in an article on pain mechanisms published in Science has been adapted and developed in a selection of texts that can be broadly described as ‘educational’: a neuroscience website aimed at children, a self-help guide for chronic pain sufferers, and a book aimed at medical professionals. In the course of the discussion I point out both the advantages and potential disadvantages of these developments. As such, this paper aims to make a contribution to a growing body of research on metaphor in actual contexts of use, and particularly on variation in the use of metaphor across genres that are aimed at different audiences.

scholarly journals Do Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous and Religiousness Both Directly and Indirectly through Meaning in Life Lead to Spiritual Experiences?

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Marcin Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Daily Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Purpose In Life Test ◽  
Practical Implications

Spirituality is a key element of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) recovery. However, little is known about the potential religious and secular sources of spiritual experiences in AA fellowship. The aim of the study was to verify if in a sample of AA participants, meaning in life mediates the relationship between their religiousness and spiritual experiences, as well as between their involvement in AA and spiritual experiences. The study sample consisted of 70 Polish AA participants, and the following tools were used: the Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement Scale (AAIS); Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ); Purpose in Life Test (PIL); two one-item measures regarding frequency of prayer and Mass attendance; and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) duration of AA participation, which was positively related to involvement in addiction self-help groups and religiousness. Involvement in AA and religiousness were positively related to meaning in life, which in turn positively correlated with spiritual experiences. This research indicated that in a sample of AA participants, finding meaning in life partially mediates the relationship between religiousness and spiritual experiences, as well as fully mediating the relationship between involvement in AA and spiritual experiences. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

An episodic specificity interview enhances eyewitness identification under perceptual load and reduces susceptibility to misinformation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Greene ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Eyewitness Memory ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
High Load ◽  
Filler Task ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

High perceptual load has previously been shown to impair eyewitness memory and to enhance susceptibility to leading questions. This study investigated the effect of an episodic specificity interview (ESI) on eyewitness memory under different levels of perceptual load. 80 participants were assigned to view either a high perceptual load or low perceptual load version of a video depicting a theft in an office. After a 5 minute filler task, participants engaged in either an ESI, which employed mental imagery to elicit specific details of the video, or a control interview that solicited general impressions of the video. Under high load, participants’ ability to identify a peripheral character in the scene from a photo line-up was impaired and they were more likely to misidentify a decoy as the target character after one week. These impairments were reduced or eliminated for participants who completed the ESI. The ESI enhanced true recall for details of the scene and reduced false memories arising from leading questions. The results have theoretical implications for perceptual load theory, and practical implications for eyewitness testimony.

False memories in schizophrenia? An imagination inflation study

2010 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Mammarella ◽  
Mario Altamura ◽  
Flavia A. Padalino ◽  
Annamaria Petito ◽  
Beth Fairfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Memories ◽  
Imagination Inflation

Older LGB&T housing in the UK: challenges and solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Wathern ◽  
Robert William Green
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper considers the challenges and solutions in relation to older lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) housing in the UK. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key housing issues and concerns affecting older LGB&T people in the UK, and ways in which these might be addressed. Design/methodology/approach This is a practical discussion which focusses on the issues of policies and provision in relation to older LGB&T housing in the UK, both specialist and mainstream housing. Findings There is a growing body of literature from both the voluntary sector and academic researchers highlighting the housing issues affecting older LGB&T people. There is a need for both specialist and appropriate mainstream housing provision. However, policy and funding issues constrain the creation and/or development of such provision. Practical implications Policy makers and housing providers in the UK need to address, and meet, the diverse housing needs of older LGB&T people. Social implications Until their housing needs are met, many older LGB&T people remain concerned about their housing futures, and may end up living in housing which is not their preference and which is not suitable for them. Originality/value This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the work of Stonewall Housing’s network for older LGB&T people, and the challenges and solutions which have been identified in relation to their housing issues and concerns.

Basking in detected vice: Outgroup immorality enhances self-view

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843021989532
Author(s):  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Verena Graupmann
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Observer Study ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Comparable Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

In the last decade, a growing body of research has revealed that morality is the most important driver of impression formation. As such, social targets lacking morality are disliked and kept at distance, while moral targets are liked and respected. Here, we investigated whether social targets lacking morality elicit positive reactions in the observer. Study 1 revealed that participants reported an enhanced self-view when confronted with an immoral (vs. moral) behavior performed by a political opponent. Study 2 revealed the key role of morality in this process, as differential perceptions of the target’s incompetence had no comparable effect on the observer self-view. Importantly, such results emerged when participants were highly identified with their ingroup. Taken together, these findings suggest that outgroup immorality can elicit positive self-related responses in the observer. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications for social judgment and intergroup relations.

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