The Comparative Psychology of Avian Visual Cognition

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Early Vision ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Evidence

How do small-brained, highly mobile animals like birds so readily perceive the visual world? Despite the computational complexity of vision, recent behavioral tests have suggested that these evolutionarily distant animals may use visual mechanisms that operate in the same manner as the visual mechanisms of primates. This article reviews new evidence regarding the processes of early vision and object perception in pigeons and considers speculations about the similarities and differences between avian and primate visual cognition.

Through the Lens of Loss: Marina Tsvetaeva's Elegiac Photo-Poetics

Slavic Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Molly Thomasy Blasing
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Marina Tsvetaeva ◽  
Poetic Practice ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Photographic Imagery

Marina Tsvetaeva is often described as a poet of keen aural sensibilities, while the visual world has been thought to be of secondary importance to her. This study of the influence of photography on Tsvetaeva's poetic writing contributes new evidence of the role of visual culture in her creative world. In detailing Tsvetaeva's experiences with the material and metaphysical properties of photographic imagery, Molly Thomasy Blasing argues that photography played a significant role in shaping the poet's elegiac writings on death, loss, and separation. The article makes available a number of previously unpublished archival photographs taken by Tsvetaeva—images that are directly linked to her cycle of poems dedicated to Nikolai Gronskii, Nadgrobie. Blasing contextualizes this discovery within a network of other photo-poetic encounters in Tsvetaeva's life and works, revealing the extent to which the poet's thinking about photography relates to the goals of her poetic practice.

scholarly journals OPAM XXV: The 25th Annual Meeting on Object Perception, Attention, and Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Wu Dowd ◽  
J. Eric T. Taylor ◽  
Caitlin R. Mullin ◽  
Briana Lee Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
National Science ◽  
25Th Annual Meeting ◽  
Postdoctoral Research ◽  
Poster Presentations

The 25th Annual Workshop on Object Perception, Attention, and Memory (OPAM) was held on November 8–9, 2017 in Vancouver, BC, showcasing the best in graduate and postdoctoral research in the field of visual cognition. OPAM features talk and poster presentations by only trainee-level researchers. This special two-day meeting was funded in part by the National Science Foundation.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences between Magnetic and Non-Magnetic CP Stars

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Thierry Lanz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Chemical Anomalies ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Small Scale Structures

AbstractThis brief review discusses the similarities between CP stars, focusing on magnetic fields and chemical abundances. New evidence for the presence of a magnetic field with a complex structure in some CP1 stars is presented. Small-scale structures on the surface of these stars may be connected with such a field, and the resulting effects on the curve-of-growth have been investigated. Finally, the changes during evolutionary time-scales on surface abundances are advocated as one possible reason of the large observed scatter in the chemical anomalies inside given groups of CP Stars.

We all are Rembrandt experts – or, How task dissociations in school learning effects support the discontinuity hypothesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régine Kolinsky ◽  
José Morais
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Cognitive Penetration ◽  
Early Vision ◽  
School Learning ◽  
High Level

We argue that cognitive penetration in non-early vision extends beyond the special situations considered by Pylyshyn. Many situations which do not involve difficult stimuli or require expert skills nevertheless load on high-level cognitive processes. School learning effects illustrate this point: they provide a way to observe task dissociations which support the discontinuity hypothesis, but they show that the scope of visual cognition in our visual experience is often underestimated.

RELEVANCE-BASED INCREMENTAL BELIEF UPDATING IN BAYESIAN NETWORKS

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN LIN ◽  
MAREK J. DRUZDZEL
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Incremental Belief ◽  
New Evidence

Relevance reasoning in Bayesian networks can be used to improve efficiency of belief updating algorithms by identifying and pruning those parts of a network that are irrelevant for computation. Relevance reasoning is based on the graphical property of d-separation and other simple and efficient techniques, the computational complexity of which is usually negligible when compared to the complexity of belief updating in general. This paper describes a belief updating technique based on relevance reasoning that is applicable in practical systems in which observations and model revisions are interleaved with belief updating. Our technique invalidates the posterior beliefs of those nodes that depend probabilistically on the new evidence or the revised part of the model and focuses the subsequent belief updating on the invalidated beliefs rather than on all beliefs. Very often observations and model updating invalidate only a small fraction of the beliefs and our scheme can then lead to sub stantial savings in computation. We report results of empirical tests for incremental belief updating when the evidence gathering is interleaved with reasoning. These tests demonstrate the practical significance of our approach.

scholarly journals Corpus-based approach to phraseology research: New evidence from parallel corpora

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-411
Author(s):  
Dmitrij O. Dobrovol’skij ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Language System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Bilingual Lexicography ◽  
National Corpus

The present paper discusses the possibility of using parallel corpora in the study of phraseology. The results of the analysis support the assumption that the use of corpus data not only significantly improves cross-linguistic descriptions, but also changes the very idea of the specifics of phraseology as a subsystem of the lexicon. Parallel corpus data make it possible to identify the language-specific features of idioms that were traditionally considered completely equivalent. As the empirical bases, parallel subcorpora of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) are used: Russian-German and primarily German-Russian. In some cases, the material of the main corpus of the RNC is involved. In addition to the task of identifying similarities and differences between semantically similar idioms of German and Russian, the paper also addresses general issues, in particular the question of the boundaries of the concept of crosslinguistic equivalence and ways to operationalize it. At least two different types of equivalence have to be distinguished: equivalence at the level of the language system and equivalence at the text level. The proposed method includes a subsequent comparison of individual pairs of correlating idioms of different languages based on corpus data. It aims at identifying differences between them, including semantic, syntactic, pragmatic and combinatorial ones. The results of the performed analysis may find application in bilingual lexicography.

Object Perception

2013 ◽  
pp. 337-379
Author(s):  
Scott P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Specific Identity

We inhabit a world of objects, and we perceive objects in highly consistent ways: as having boundaries and edges that may be fully visible or partly hidden, as persistent across time and space, as coherent and stable, and as having a specific identity. This chapter describes research that explores developmental processes by which infants come to share these same kinds of object perception. Evidence points to a strong sensory and cognitive foundation at birth for object perception, and an important role for learning these properties of objects; these innate and learned means of perceiving objects work together to impart a view of a stable visual environment. The infant’s own self-produced behavior—patterns of eye movements and manual experience, in particular—are important means by which infants discover and build the visual world.

Systematic effects in observed parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
R. B. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimates ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Apparent Magnitude ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
General Catalogue ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Right Ascension

Several outstanding problems affecting the existing parallaxes should be resolved to form a coherent system for the new General Catalogue proposed by van Altena, as well as to improve luminosity calibrations and other parallax applications. Lutz has reviewed several of these problems, such as: (A) systematic differences between observatories, (B) external error estimates, (C) the absolute zero point, and (D) systematic observational effects (in right ascension, declination, apparent magnitude, etc.). Here we explore the use of cluster and spectroscopic parallaxes, and the distributions of observed parallaxes, to bring new evidence to bear on these classic problems. Several preliminary results have been obtained.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

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