The Relation of Hypertension to Cognitive Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari R. Waldstein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Life ◽  
Visuospatial Skills ◽  
The Brain

Hypertension is an established risk factor for stroke. However, prior to such a major clinical event, hypertension exerts a more subtle impact on the brain that is revealed by diminished cognitive function. Studies comparing the performance of people with high and normal blood pressure levels have shown that high blood pressure or hypertension is related to poorer performance on tests of attention, learning and memory, executive functions, visuospatial skills, psychomotor abilities, and perceptual skills. Hypertension is also predictive of cognitive decline. Variables that may alter (i.e., moderate) the relation of hypertension to cognitive function include age, education, several biological characteristics of hypertension, and the presence of concurrent diseases. Although hypertensives are not clinically impaired, their diminished levels of cognitive performance could affect their perceived quality of life. Various brain mechanisms may explain the relation of hypertension to lower levels of cognitive function. Further understanding of the relation between hypertension and cognition is critical to the preservation of cognitive function across the life span.

scholarly journals STIMULATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF PSYCHE BY MEANS OF ONLINE GAMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Оlena Kovalova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Training Memory ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Training Success ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents the results of testing of the developed online-training of cognitive functions of the brain, which was implemented on a separately created game platform using a set of specially developed games. The proposed results reveal the theoretical justification of the cognitive functions, which are selected for training: memory, thinking, attention, imagination, perception. The characteristics of each cognitive function to be stimulated in the conditions of online games are highlighted. We described the algorithm for games evaluating according to certain cognitive functions and their characteristics. An analysis of the effectiveness of evaluation is given. The results of completing by players of game sessions balanced on the chosen cognitive functions are described. A comparison of the effectiveness of stimulation of different cognitive functions depending on the motivation and choice of players is presented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of online games in activation and stimulation of the cognitive functions of the human psyche. The research methods were based on our own developed algorithm for training success estimation, analysis of the results of online games, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study are presented on the basis of approbation of the developed training, conducted during two years. The analysis of the implementation of the training revealed the dependence of the effectiveness of stimulation of cognitive functions on the motivation and choice of the player. It is shown that when training on a balanced set of games, where all cognitive functions are present in equal shares, the effectiveness of training is not uniform and not balanced. It is investigated that the effectiveness of training depends on the quality of the game's effect on cognitive function. In order to take into account this quality of influence, all games were divided into two classes: actively shaping and passively stimulating. The distribution of games by classes was experimentally confirmed. A generalized analysis of the game sessions of all players for six months revealed cognitive functions which for the most players were better developed and more stimulated.

Considerations on the Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-400
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
The Brain

About 1 of every 8 women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime, and approximately 250,000 new cancer cases are expected annually as of 2017. Of those breast cancers, approximately 60% to 75% will express estrogen receptors, suggesting that estrogens are likely to promote growth of those tumors. Because the use of inhibitors of the synthesis of estrogens is the adjuvant treatment of choice for many women, it is essential that we understand the potential adverse effects on quality of life of those treatments. This review addresses the role of estrogens locally synthesized in the brain in laboratory animals and women, the effects of estrogens on cognitive function, the effects of synthesis blockers on cognitive function, and the limitations in performing experiments that will give us strong confidence in the results and conclusions.

Respiratory muscle and organ blood flow with inspiratory elastic loading and shock

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magder ◽  
D. Lockhat ◽  
B. J. Luo ◽  
C. Roussos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Elastic Load ◽  
Severe Hypotension ◽  
Elastic Loading ◽  
The Brain

Since respiratory muscles fail when blood flow is inadequate, we asked whether their blood flow would be maintained in severe hypotensive states at the expense of other vital organs (brain, heart, kidney, gut, spleen). We measured blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) to respiratory muscles and vital organs in 11 dogs breathing against an inspiratory elastic load, first with normal blood pressure (BP) and then hypotension produced by cardiac tamponade. With the elastic load alone, there was no change in BP or cardiac output; diaphragmatic blood flow (Qdi) increased from 12.8 +/- 7.0 to 34.1 +/- 15.6 ml/100 g, and total respiratory muscle flow (QTR) increased from 56.5 +/- 19.1 to 97.4 +/- 36.5 ml/100 g, but except for the brain, there was no change in blood flow to other organs. With tamponade (mean BP = 79 +/- 16 mmHg), flow decreased to all organs, whereas Qdi (39.0 +/- 19.4) did not change. QTR decreased, but not significantly, to 88.6 +/- 49.5. With more tamponade (mean BP = 53 +/- 13 mmHg), flow to all vital organs decreased as well as QTR (57.9 +/- 47.18), but Qdi did not significantly decrease and had the same relationship to respiratory force as with normal BP. Thus, with severe inspiratory elastic loading and severe hypotension, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles did most of the respiratory work, and their flow was maintained at the expense of other vital organs.

scholarly journals Fungsi Kognitif dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Maria Manungkalit ◽  
Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari ◽  
Ninda Ayu Prabasari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Elderly Living

As age increases, various body deteriorioration will follow, one of them is cognitive function. The brain function of memory recall or remembering something is part of cognitive function. If this function weaken, daily activities will be disturbed and may have impacts on quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and quality of life in elderly. This was a cross-sectional design. Population was all elderly living in a private nursing home in Surabaya (N=150). Based on sample's selection criteria, there were 145 elderly participated as respondents. Instruments used were Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) for measuring cognitive function, and Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL) for measuring quality of life in elderly. Most respondents had normal cognitive function, but their quality of life was mostly sufficient. Statistical analysis by Spearman's Rho correlation test showed that cognitive function was significantly correlated with quality of life in elderly (p=0.008). The aging process has impact on cognitive function deterioration which resulted in a decrease in elderly's quality of life.  Keywords: cognitive function, elderly, quality of life

Treatments for Breast Cancer That Affect Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Estrogen Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

About one of every eight women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime. Approximately a quarter of a million new cancer cases are expected in 2017. Of those breast cancers, 60% to 75% will have characteristics suggesting that estrogens are likely to promote growth of those tumors. Consequently, inhibiting estrogen synthesis is one of the main treatments of choice. Therefore, women must understand the potential adverse effects of those treatments on quality of life. This review discusses (a) the role of estrogens locally synthesized in the brain in laboratory animals and women, (b) the effects of estrogens and blockers of estrogen synthesis on cognitive function, and (c) the limitations in experiments on women taking inhibitors. This article aims to provide women and oncologists with information that will encourage them to consider side effects of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) treatment on the brain.

scholarly journals Interleukin 6 reduces allopregnanolone synthesis in the brain and contributes to age-related cognitive decline in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Parks ◽  
Sreemathi Logan ◽  
Alexander Yeganeh ◽  
Julie A. Farley ◽  
Daniel B. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive decline with age is a harmful process that can reduce quality of life. Multiple factors have been established to contribute to cognitive decline, but the overall etiology remains unknown. Here, we hypothesized that cognitive dysfunction is mediated, in part, by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines that alter allopregnanolone (AlloP) levels, an important neurosteroid in the brain. We assessed the levels and regulation of AlloP and the effects of AlloP supplementation on cognitive function in 4-month-old and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. With age, the expression of enzymes involved in the AlloP synthetic pathway was decreased and corticosterone (CORT) synthesis increased. Supplementation of AlloP improved cognitive function. Interestingly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) infusion in young animals significantly reduced the production of AlloP compared with controls. It is notable that inhibition of IL-6 with its natural inhibitor, soluble membrane glycoprotein 130, significantly improved spatial memory in aged mice. These findings were supported by in vitro experiments in primary murine astrocyte cultures, indicating that IL-6 decreases production of AlloP and increases CORT levels. Our results indicate that age-related increases in IL-6 levels reduce progesterone substrate availability, resulting in a decline in AlloP levels and an increase in CORT. Furthermore, our results indicate that AlloP is a critical link between inflammatory cytokines and the age-related decline in cognitive function.

scholarly journals Fast food consumption and its associations with heart rate, blood pressure, cognitive function and quality of life. Pilot study

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e01566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsabieh ◽  
Mohammad Alqahtani ◽  
Abdulaziz Altamimi ◽  
Abdullah Albasha ◽  
Alwaleed Alsulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Fast Food Consumption

scholarly journals The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Mitochondrial Function: Influence on Blood Pressure and Baroreflex in Transgenic Rat Strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Nautiyal ◽  
Amy C. Arnold ◽  
Mark C. Chappell ◽  
Debra I. Diz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
The Brain

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, and may be associated with an overactive renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin (Ang) II, a potent vasoconstrictor hormone of the RAS, also impairs baroreflex and mitochondrial function. Most deleterious cardiovascular actions of Ang II are thought to be mediated by NADPH-oxidase- (NOX-) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may also stimulate mitochondrial oxidant release and alter redox-sensitive signaling pathways in the brain. Within the RAS, the actions of Ang II are counterbalanced by Ang-(1–7), a vasodilatory peptide known to mitigate against increased oxidant stress. A balance between Ang II and Ang-(1–7) within the brain dorsal medulla contributes to maintenance of normal blood pressure and proper functioning of the arterial baroreceptor reflex for control of heart rate. We propose that Ang-(1–7) may negatively regulate the redox signaling pathways activated by Ang II to maintain normal blood pressure, baroreflex, and mitochondrial function through attenuating ROS (NOX-generated and/or mitochondrial).

scholarly journals Improving the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Measures for Generalized Periodontitis in Patients with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Alina Alexandrovna Serekova ◽  
Madina Georgievna Dzgoeva ◽  
Zalina Georgievna Dzgoeva ◽  
Azamat Borisovich Kokoev ◽  
Larisa Stanisla vovna Kanukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The program of standard therapeutic measures in 45 patients with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis (GCP) and background hypertension, group I(a), included hirudotherapy, for comparison, the effectiveness of traditional treatment was evaluated in 40 patients, group I(b), who refused to use medical leeches. In the second comparison group (35 patients), patients with GCP, but normal blood pressure, also received only a set of traditional methods of treatment. The inclusion of hirudotherapy in the program of therapeutic measures in patients with GCP and hypertension makes it possible to optimize the onset of a persistent therapeutic effect, lengthen the period of remission of the pathological process in periodontal disease and significantly improves the quality of life of patients.

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