A novel framework for evaluating in‐situ breeding management strategies in endangered populations

Abstract Purpose Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders can cause major intrapartum haemorrhage. The optimal management approach is not yet defined. We analysed available cases from a tertiary perinatal centre to compare the outcome of different individual management strategies. Methods A monocentric retrospective analysis was performed in patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of PAS between 07/2012 and 12/2019. Electronic patient and ultrasound databases were examined for perinatal findings, peripartum morbidity including blood loss and management approaches such as (1) vaginal delivery and curettage, (2) caesarean section with placental removal versus left in situ and (3) planned, immediate or delayed hysterectomy. Results 46 cases were identified with an incidence of 2.49 per 1000 births. Median diagnosis of placenta accreta (56%), increta (39%) or percreta (4%) was made in 35 weeks of gestation. Prenatal detection rate was 33% for all cases and 78% for placenta increta. 33% showed an association with placenta praevia, 41% with previous caesarean section and 52% with previous curettage. Caesarean section rate was 65% and hysterectomy rate 39%. In 9% of the cases, the placenta primarily remained in situ. 54% of patients required blood transfusion. Blood loss did not differ between cases with versus without prenatal diagnosis (p = 0.327). In known cases, an attempt to remove the placenta did not show impact on blood loss (p = 0.417). Conclusion PAS should be managed in an optimal setting and with a well-coordinated team. Experience with different approaches should be proven in prospective multicentre studies to prepare recommendations for expected and unexpected need for management.

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Integrating in situ Measurements and City Scale Modelling to Assess the COVID–19 Lockdown Effects on Emissions and Air Quality in Athens, Greece

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11111174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Georgios Grivas ◽

Eleni Athanasopoulou ◽

Anastasia Kakouri ◽

Jennifer Bailey ◽

Eleni Liakakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Road Transport ◽

Scale Model ◽

Ambient Exposure ◽

Mean Concentration ◽

Reduced Emissions

The lockdown measures implemented worldwide to slow the spread of the COVID–19 pandemic have allowed for a unique real-world experiment, regarding the impacts of drastic emission cutbacks on urban air quality. In this study we assess the effects of a 7-week (23 March–10 May 2020) lockdown in the Greater Area of Athens, coupling in situ observations with estimations from a meteorology-atmospheric chemistry model. Measurements in central Athens during the lockdown were compared with levels during the pre- and post-lockdown 3-week periods and with respective levels in the four previous years. We examined regulatory pollutants as well as CO2, black carbon (BC) and source-specific BC components. Models were run for pre-lockdown and lockdown periods, under baseline and reduced-emissions scenarios. The in-situ results indicate mean concentration reductions of 30–35% for traffic-related pollutants in Athens (NO2, CO, BC from fossil fuel combustion), compared to the pre-lockdown period. A large reduction (53%) was observed also for the urban CO2 enhancement while the reduction for PM2.5 was subtler (18%). Significant reductions were also observed when comparing the 2020 lockdown period with past years. However, levels rebounded immediately following the lift of the general lockdown. The decrease in measured NO2 concentrations was reproduced by the implementation of the city scale model, under a realistic reduced-emissions scenario for the lockdown period, anchored at a 46% decline of road transport activity. The model permitted the assessment of air quality improvements on a spatial scale, indicating that NO2 mean concentration reductions in areas of the Athens basin reached up to 50%. The findings suggest a potential for local traffic management strategies to reduce ambient exposure and to minimize exceedances of air quality standards for primary pollutants.

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Male camel behavior and breeding management strategies: how to handle a camel bull during the breeding season?

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.v27i4.19909 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Barbara Padalino ◽

Davide Monaco ◽

Giovanni Lacalandra

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Breeding Management

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Solar and Temporal Effects on Escherichia coli Concentration at a Lake Michigan Swimming Beach

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.7.4276-4285.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 4276-4285 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

Richard L. Whitman ◽

Meredith B. Nevers ◽

Ginger C. Korinek ◽

Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Wave Height ◽

Lake Level ◽

Lake Michigan ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Day Length ◽

E Coli ◽

In Situ Experiments

ABSTRACT Studies on solar inactivation of Escherichia coli in freshwater and in situ have been limited. At 63rd St. Beach, Chicago, Ill., factors influencing the daily periodicity of culturable E. coli, particularly insolation, were examined. Water samples for E. coli analysis were collected twice daily between April and September 2000 three times a week along five transects in two depths of water. Hydrometeorological conditions were continuously logged: UV radiation, total insolation, wind speed and direction, wave height, and relative lake level. On 10 days, transects were sampled hourly from 0700 to 1500 h. The effect of sunlight on E. coli inactivation was evaluated with dark and transparent in situ mesocosms and ambient lake water. For the study, the number of E. coli samples collected (n) was 2,676. During sunny days, E. coli counts decreased exponentially with day length and exposure to insolation, but on cloudy days, E. coli inactivation was diminished; the E. coli decay rate was strongly influenced by initial concentration. In situ experiments confirmed that insolation primarily inactivated E. coli; UV radiation only marginally affected E. coli concentration. The relationship between insolation and E. coli density is complicated by relative lake level, wave height, and turbidity, all of which are often products of wind vector. Continuous importation and nighttime replenishment of E. coli were evident. These findings (i) suggest that solar inactivation is an important mechanism for natural reduction of indicator bacteria in large freshwater bodies and (ii) have implications for management strategies of nontidal waters and the use of E. coli as an indicator organism.

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Complications, outcomes, and management strategies of non-missile penetrating head injuries

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2020.4.jns20122 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bradley M. Harrington ◽

Armin Gretschel ◽

Carl Lombard ◽

Russell R. Lonser ◽

Adriaan J. Vlok

Keyword(s):

Vascular Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Treatment Algorithm ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Secondary Complications ◽

Gcs Score

OBJECTIVEWhile high-velocity missile injury (gunshot) is associated with kinetic and thermal injuries, non-missile penetrating head injury (NMPHI) results in primary damage along the tract of the piercing object that can be associated with significant secondary complications. Despite the unique physical properties of NMPHI, factors associated with complications, expected outcomes, and optimal management have not been defined. In this study, the authors attempted to define those factors.METHODSConsecutive adult patients with NMPHI who presented to Tygerberg Academic Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa) in the period from August 1, 2011, through July 31, 2018, were enrolled in a prospective study using a defined treatment algorithm. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were analyzed.RESULTSOne hundred ninety-two patients (185 males [96%], 7 females [4%]) with 192 NMPHIs were included in this analysis. The mean age at injury was 26.2 ± 1.1 years (range 18–58 years). Thirty-four patients (18%) presented with the weapon in situ. Seventy-one patients (37%) presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Weapons included a knife (156 patients [81%]), screwdriver (18 [9%]), nail gun (1 [0.5%]), garden fork (1 [0.5%]), barbeque fork (1 [0.5%]), and unknown (15 [8%]). The most common wound locations were temporal (74 [39%]), frontal (65 [34%]), and parietal (30 [16%]). The most common secondary complications were vascular injury (37 patients [19%]) and infection (27 patients [14%]). Vascular injury was significantly associated with imaging evidence of deep subarachnoid hemorrhage and an injury tract crossing vascular territory (p ≤ 0.05). Infection was associated with delayed referral (> 24 hours), lack of prophylactic antibiotic administration, and weapon in situ (p ≤ 0.05). A poorer outcome was associated with a stab depth > 50 mm, a weapon removed by the assailant, vascular injury, and eloquent brain involvement (p ≤ 0.05). Nineteen patients (10%) died from their injuries. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was linearly related to the admission GCS score (p < 0.001). One hundred forty patients (73%) had a GOS score of 4 or better at discharge.CONCLUSIONSThe most common NMPHI secondary complications are vascular injury and infection, which are associated with specific NMPHI imaging and clinical features. Identifying these features and using a systematic management paradigm can effectively treat the primary injury, as well as diagnose and manage NMPHI-related complications, leading to a good outcome in the majority of patients.

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Missing the Forest and the Trees: Utility, Limits and Caveats for Drone Imaging of Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13163136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3136

Author(s):

Leigh W. Tait ◽

Shane Orchard ◽

David R. Schiel

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Rocky Intertidal ◽

Small Subset ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Coastal marine ecosystems are under stress, yet actionable information about the cumulative effects of human impacts has eluded ecologists. Habitat-forming seaweeds in temperate regions provide myriad irreplaceable ecosystem services, but they are increasingly at risk of local and regional extinction from extreme climatic events and the cumulative impacts of land-use change and extractive activities. Informing appropriate management strategies to reduce the impacts of stressors requires comprehensive knowledge of species diversity, abundance and distributions. Remote sensing undoubtedly provides answers, but collecting imagery at appropriate resolution and spatial extent, and then accurately and precisely validating these datasets is not straightforward. Comprehensive and long-running monitoring of rocky reefs exist globally but are often limited to a small subset of reef platforms readily accessible to in-situ studies. Key vulnerable habitat-forming seaweeds are often not well-assessed by traditional in-situ methods, nor are they well-captured by passive remote sensing by satellites. Here we describe the utility of drone-based methods for monitoring and detecting key rocky intertidal habitat types, the limitations and caveats of these methods, and suggest a standardised workflow for achieving consistent results that will fulfil the needs of managers for conservation efforts.

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Utilization of Oxygen Models in Environmental Impact Analysis

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1977.010 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 135-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W.J. Snodgrass ◽

M.F. Holloran

Keyword(s):

Impact Analysis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Temperature Model ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Anoxic Zones

Abstract A vertical one-dimensional temperature-oxygen model for reservoirs is used to estimate zones of stress on the aquatic environment of a series of reservoirs in Nova Scotia. Application to cold climates necessitated a few novel developments for the temperature model. The oxygen model whose sinks are water column decay and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is calibrated using under ice measurements of oxygen stocks and laboratory and in situ measurements of a zero-order kinetic model for sediment oxygen demand. These extensive studies are complementary and indicate a winter SOD of 0.1 gm 02/m2/day and a higher summer value. High epilimnetic temperatures coupled with the predicted anoxic zones in lower waters cause a major stress upon fisheries potential. This model provides a tool for determining the effects of different reservoir management strategies upon water quality and for selecting among these strategies.

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Sustainable In-Situ Water Resource Management Strategies in Water Scarce Urban Environment: A Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City

2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference ◽

10.1109/appeec.2011.5748622 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Chengyao Peng ◽

Shuying Wang ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Chin Chong Lim ◽

Lin Kah Ooi

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Water Scarce

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Stubble burning: Root cause, impacts and its management in Indian scenario

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2021.22305 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rohith Gottipati ◽

Pavan M N Burra ◽

Sandeep Menon

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Residue Management ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Root Cause ◽

In Situ Management ◽

Stubble Burning

The practice of purposefully setting fire to the residue that remained after harvest of rice and wheat crop is increasing periodically. Stubble burning has become one of the challenging issues in India in recent times. Government has been consistently instructing farmers not to burn the crop residues, instead asking them for in-situ management. Farmers are citing various complications in stubble management which pulling them to setting up fire to the stubble. Rice straw burning generates life threatening greenhouse gases which causes air pollution injury. Particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in the capital state of India (New Delhi) have been exceeded by 14 times than threshold level because of episodic agricultural fires in the neighbouring states namely Punjab, Haryana. A very limited study has been done so far on this complete issue despite of its importance. The present review tried to expose root cause, impacts on ecosystem and management strategies of stubble burning especially in India. There are plethora of possibilities in managing residue in sustainable ways including in-situ residue management, mushroom production, livestock feed, composting, biochar preparation, bio-thermal power plants and paper industries. Mechanical and effective method of in-situ management has been come into existence in the form of happy seeder. Depending on the land holding farmers can follow any of the said methods and manage their residue in sustainable way by overcoming the constraints thereby reducing the impacts on ecosystem.

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