scholarly journals EMPIRE, COMMUNITY, AND CULTURE ON THE MIDDLE EUPHRATES. DURENES, PALMYRENES, VILLAGERS, AND SOLDIERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-95
Author(s):  
TED KAIZER
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Abstract The focus of this paper is on the Middle Euphrates: Dura-Europos as its best-known urban settlement; a series of villages known mostly from two papyrological dossiers situated along the river; and the military stations on the Euphrates. The paper asks questions about the impact (or lack of it) of the culture of Palmyra on the region's communities. It is argued that Dura-Europos remains our best case study for social and religious life in a Near Eastern small town under the Roman empire, and that the only evidence that actually makes the town look potentially ‘untypical’ is the idiosyncratic source material related to its Palmyrene inhabitants. The paper also questions the traditional periodization of Dura's history and puts forward the hypothesis that at two points during the so-called ‘Parthian phase’ Palmyrenes took advantage of a power vacuum along the Middle Euphrates and became the dominant military factor in the region.

Three Documents on Anti-Jewish Violence in the Eastern Kresy during the Polish–Soviet Conflict

2001 ◽  
pp. 116-149
Author(s):  
Sarunas Liekis ◽  
Lidia Miliakova ◽  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Town

This chapter presents three documents describing the anti-Jewish violence in Lida and in Vilna in April 1919. The documents on Lida come from the collection of the supreme command of the Polish army in the holdings of the Tsentr khraneniia istoriko-dokumentalnykh kollektsii (Moscow Centre for the Preservation of Historical and Document Collections). Lida was a small town about 60 miles south of Vilna, with which it was linked by rail. In 1919, its population was about 5,500, of whom the majority were Jews (67.7 per cent according to the census of 1897). Disputes arose almost immediately after the town was recaptured by Polish forces in April 1919, on the scale and reasons for the anti-Jewish violence which followed the establishment of Polish control. On 18 April 1919, the report of the Polish central headquarters covering the military developments in Lida claimed that ‘the Jewish population assisted the Bolsheviks by shooting Polish troops’.

scholarly journals Zrínyi VII. Miklós részvétele a harmincéves háborúban (1642‒1644)

PONTES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 213-227
Author(s):  
Végh Ferenc
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Military History ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Small Wars ◽  
The Military ◽  
Supreme Commander

The estates of the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom, as it is well known, took an active role in the struggles of the Thirty years’ War (1618‒1648) on the Habsburg dynasty’s side. At the request of the monarch, many aristocrats and wealthy noblemen, who had been trained in the so-called small wars (German Kleinkriege) practised along the Ottoman border, raised especially light cavalry units and conducted them to the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Nicholas VII. Zrínyi/Zrinski (1620‒1664) the Croatian-Slavonian ban-to-be (1647–1664) himself recruited cavalry companies in three successive years (1642–1644), at the head of which he fought in Bohemia and Moravia against the Swedes as well as in upper Hungary against the troops of George I. Rákóczi, the Prince of Transylvania (1630–1648). Moreover, he was appointed as the supreme commander of the Croatian-type cavalry two times. The present gap-fi lling paper primarily aims to clear the chronology of Zrínyi’s field operations in these years. It also reveals his probable motives, the characteristics of the negotiations with the imperial high command as well as the gathering of the troops. The case study will enable us to draw conclusions about the military entrepreneurship of this kind, giving an impetus to the research of this neglected field of early modern military history.

scholarly journals Treating Museum Objects as Text: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Instrument ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Evidence

Medical instrument collections are neglected primary source material that can be used to produce original scholarship on thehistory of medicine and the history of optometry. Opening museum collections and associated archives to researchers allowscollections managers to simultaneously address curatorial backlogs, facilitate research, and provide a foundation for craftingpublic-facing exhibits. In order to add to the historiography, research should not only focus on the technical aspects of theinstruments, but also employ theory to examine of the meaning of the objects in context. In this way, objects can be a vehicle forunderstanding broader themes in the history of medicine and reveal their utility as material evidence of the impact of medicineon society and culture. This two-part article includes a historiography of ophthalmic instruments and a case study in which an assemblage of ophthalmometers in the Archives & Museum of Optometry collection are treated as “text” to explore the nature of power in the doctor-patient relationship in early optometry.

Research of Tourism Town Planning Based on Symbiosis Theory - A Case Study of Controlling-Detailed Plan of Drift Town, Qingyuan City

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Zhang ◽  
Yong Long Sun ◽  
Kuang Jie Shan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Innovation Mode ◽  
The Town

The symbiotic integration development of Tourism small town about tourist area and town is an inevitable problem in reality, we need to be studied and guide practice. Based on the new perspective of the symbiosis theory, to controlling-detailed plan of Drift Town, Qingyuan city, as an example, uses qualitative analysis and index quantitative study combination of methods, through excavating and creating symbiosis between units symbiotic conditions, construct the town - - the symbiotic development innovation mode; Through the tourism small town symbiotic land layout, symbiotic unit controlling technology of special tourism small town strategic development become "town (CBD) - tourist area (RBD)" eutectic body, realize the interaction and integration of urban ecological development.

Military and Civilian: Reconfiguring the End of Roman Britain in the North

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Petts
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The North ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes

This study explores the impact of recent discoveries on our understanding of the transition from the Roman to early medieval periods in northern England. Using the Tees Valley as a case study, it shows how modern interpretations of this process have focused primarily on the afterlife of the military sites in the region. However, the increased identification of significant Roman civilian settlements forces us to reconsider the dominant narratives and rethink the underlying processes that influenced the move from Roman-controlled frontier society in the fourth century to a fifth century society comprising both culturally Anglo-Saxon social groups and sub-Roman successor polities. A wider consideration is also given to how the changing patterns in the use of space and in refuse disposal strategies can be used to shed light on wider patterns of changing social identity in the later fourth century AD.

scholarly journals The Representation of Roma in the Romanian Media During COVID-19: Performing Control Through Discursive-Performative Repertoires

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionut Chiruta
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

This article investigates the narratives employed by the Romanian media in covering the development of COVID-19 in Roma communities in Romania. This paper aims to contribute to academic literature on Romani studies, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, by adopting as its case study the town of Ţăndărei, a small town in the south of Romania, which in early 2020 was widely reported by Romanian media during both the pre- and post-quarantine period. The contributions rest on anchoring the study in post-foundational theory and media studies to understand the performativity of Roma identity and the discursive-performative practices of control employed by the Romania media in the first half of 2020. Aroused by the influx of ethnic Romani returning from Western Europe, the Romanian mainstream media expanded its coverage through sensationalist narratives and depictions of lawlessness and criminality. These branded the ethnic minority as a scapegoat for the spreading of the virus. Relying on critical social theory, this study attempts to understand how Roma have been portrayed during the Coronavirus crisis. Simultaneously, this paper resonates with current Roma theories about media discourses maintaining and reinforcing a sense of marginality for Roma communities. To understand the dynamics of Romanian media discourses, this study employs NVivo software tools and language-in-use discourse analysis to examine the headlines and sub headlines of approximately 300 articles that have covered COVID-19 developments in Roma communities between February and July 2020. The findings from the study indicate that the media first focused on exploiting the sensationalism of the episodes involving Roma. Second, the media employed a logic of polarization to assist the authorities in retaking control of the pandemic and health crisis from Romania. The impact of the current study underlines the need to pay close attention to the dynamics of crises when activating historical patterns of stigma vis-à-vis Roma communities in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals East-West: US-Japan exchange and its effects on community development: An interactive case study of Jamaica Plain and Zushi

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (436-441) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Ellen Shoshkes
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
State University ◽  
Portland State University ◽  
Interactive Case Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town ◽  
East West

Dr Shoshkes is an architect and planner based in Portland, Oregon, where she is Adjunct Associate Professor of urban planning at Portland State University. She is currently undertaking archival research and conducting oral histories regarding Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (1905-1983), the town planner, editor, and educator, as the beginning phase of "Hidden Voice: the Contribution of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt to the Origins and Evolution of Urban Design in America, 1945-1976." This paper is based on her previous work concerning Tyrwhitt in context of an inquiry into the larger topic of the impact of the creative dialogue between East and West on the field of community development.

scholarly journals How do Democracy and War Affect Each Other? The Case Study of Ancient Athens

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritchard Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Prima Facie ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Ancient Athens ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Face Complex ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

This article considers the state of research on the two-way relationship of causation between politics and war in ancient Athens from the attempted coup of Cylon in 632 BC to the violent overthrow of its democracy by theMacedonians in 322. Also canvassed is how a closer integration of Ancient History and Political Science can enhance the research of each discipline into the important problem of democracy’s effect on war-making. Classical Athens is well known for its full development of popular politics and its cultural revolution, which clearly was a dependent variable of the democracy. By contrast, few are aware of its contemporaneous military revolution, which saw the classical Athenians intensify the waging of war and gain an unrivalled record of military success and innovation. Although a prima facie case exists for these military changes being due to popular government, ancient historians have conducted very little research on the impact of democracy on war. In the last decade our discipline has also witnessed the collapse of the longstanding understanding of the affect of military changes on political developments in ancient Greece, which means we can no longer explain why Athenian democracy emerged and was consolidated during the classical period. For the sake of ameliorating this situation the article proposes new directions and a social-science approach for research into the military and non-military causes of Athenian democratisation and the relative effect of Athenian democracy on warfare. At a time when established democracies face complex challenges of foreign policy such research into the case study of ancient Athens is of real contemporary relevancy.

scholarly journals Generaals in de groei : De militaire representatie van de kindkeizers Gratianus en Honorius op munten en in lofdichten

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-558
Author(s):  
Martijn Icks ◽  
Dennis Jussen ◽  
Erika Manders
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Military

Abstract Growing generals: the military representation of the child-emperors Gratian and Honorius on coins and in panegyricBetween 367 and 455 the Roman empire witnessed a series of children being elevated to the imperial throne. Meaghan McEvoy (2010; 2013) has convincingly shown that in the successive reigns of these child-emperors the imperial office was transformed from being active and military to being far more passive and ceremonial. Powerful generals were to take over the emperor’s military functions, while the young ruler came to fulfil an increasingly religious and ceremonial role. This article looks into the early phase of this transformation by investigating how the need for military leadership was dealt with in the cases of the child-emperors Gratian (r. 367-383) and Honorius (r. 393-423). A substantial amount of contemporary source material has survived from their reigns in the form of panegyrics and coinage. A systematic analysis of these sources relating to the various stages of their reigns shows that these emperors still had to live up to traditional expectations, at least in terms of their self-representation, and thus play the part of strong military leaders.

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