scholarly journals Treating Museum Objects as Text: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Instrument ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Evidence

Medical instrument collections are neglected primary source material that can be used to produce original scholarship on thehistory of medicine and the history of optometry. Opening museum collections and associated archives to researchers allowscollections managers to simultaneously address curatorial backlogs, facilitate research, and provide a foundation for craftingpublic-facing exhibits. In order to add to the historiography, research should not only focus on the technical aspects of theinstruments, but also employ theory to examine of the meaning of the objects in context. In this way, objects can be a vehicle forunderstanding broader themes in the history of medicine and reveal their utility as material evidence of the impact of medicineon society and culture. This two-part article includes a historiography of ophthalmic instruments and a case study in which an assemblage of ophthalmometers in the Archives & Museum of Optometry collection are treated as “text” to explore the nature of power in the doctor-patient relationship in early optometry.

scholarly journals Colonial Values and Asylum Care in Brazil: Reclaiming the Streets Through Carnival in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Julia Evangelista ◽  
William A. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

AbstractThis chapter shows how carnival has been used to counter the impact of Brazil’s colonial history on its asylums and perceptions of madness. Colonisation of Brazil by Portugal in the nineteenth century led to a process of Europeanisation that was associated with dismissal of non-European customs and values as “mad” and sequestration of the poor from the streets into asylums. Bringing together the work of the two authors, the chapter describes through a case study how a carnival project, Loucura Suburbana (Suburban Madness), in which patients in both long- and short-term asylum care play leading roles, has enabled them to “reclaim the streets,” and re-establish their right to the city as valid producers of culture on their own terms. In the process, entrenched stigmas associated with having a history of mental illness in a local community are challenged, and sense of identity and self-confidence can be rebuilt, thus contributing to long-term improvements in mental well-being. Further illustrative materials are available including photographs and video clips.

Empirical Study on Adoption of Islamic Banking System Using Quantitative Method:A Case Study of Afghanistan

10.26414/a169 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatera Naseri ◽  
Ashurov Sharofiddin
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Although the background of the banking system goes back as far as 1933, Islamic finance isstill new in Afghanistan. The history of the firstfull-fledged Islamic bank began asrecently as 2018 with the conversion ofBakhtarBank, a conventional bank, to the IslamicBank of Afghanistan (IBA). There have been numerousstudies done worldwide, but no empiricalstudy has examined the subject of Islamic banking adoption in the specific context of Afghanistan. Therefore, this presentstudy investigatesthe adoption ofIslamic banking in Afghanistan, using a case study of Herat province, based on Rogers’ (1983) Diffusion of Innovation Theory, to determine the impact of awareness,productknowledge,religiosity,relativeadvantage,compatibility, and complexity on the adoption of Islamic banking. A quantitative approach to the stratified convenience sampling method was used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 334 bank customers and the responses analyzed using SPSS v22. The multiple regression analysis finding indicated that product knowledge, relative advantage, and religiosity significantly and positively influenced the adoption of Islamic banking. It is suggested that the government and financial institutions should support Islamic banking with beneficial policies and initiatives to enhance the knowledge of the public about the significance of Islamic banking activities.

Art and archives

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Whalley ◽  
Clive Wainwright ◽  
Sarah Fox-Rtt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
National Register ◽  
Siegfried Sassoon ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Kind ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum ◽  
Active Policy

The Library of the Victoria and Albert Museum has always collected primary source material. This consists of artists’ letters, diaries, sitters’ books and various personal papers. Or it may be material of a more general kind: inventories, bills, unpublished articles, recipes for paints and varnishes and similar items of use to the Museum departments or to other readers. Occasionally in the past we have been offered material relating to a firm, a person, or a society, which consisted of a mixture of printed matter, photographs, original drawings, manuscript letters etc., which, when received in the Museum, would be divided among the relevant departments — the Library and the Department of Prints and Drawings in particular. The Library continues to acquire manuscript material of the kind mentioned above, and indeed in the last two years has pursued an active policy in this field. As a result we have acquired such varied items as the wardrobe accounts of the Empress Josephine for 1809 (2 large boxes of them), a 16th century herald’s sketchbook, an unpublished history of jade, and a letter from Sir William Nicholson to Siegfried Sassoon agreeing to illustrate ‘Memoirs of a fox-hunting man’. A list of the English accessions is published annually, and all acquisitions are notified to the National Register of Archives. Most of the items were acquired by purchase (e.g. from booksellers’ lists or auction sales), but there have also been some welcome donations.

Unleashing the Hidden Value of a Pipeline Through the Use of Visual Communications

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aboriginal History ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

How does the communication of information affect the pipeline industry? People are becoming more aware of the pipeline industry and how it may affect individuals and landowners in the future. Corporations are producing commuications tools to alleviate the lack of knowledge and the hidden value of energy pipelines. This case study examines two projects: “Passing through Edson” examines a winter pipeline construction job in Edson, Alberta. The story is told by the people on the job. We examine the environmental issues, economic impact, Native employment, and winter construction techniques. The “Boy Chief” video examines the impact of an archaeological dig on the prairies. In this program we have insight into the aboriginal history of the area and how the pipeline company is helping people learn more about the Native way of life. The paper examine how communication tools like these, allow employees access to information when communicating to stakeholders.

Vibrato, the Orchestral Organ and the ‘Prevailing Aesthetic’ in Nineteenth-Century Symphonic Music

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
David Hurwitz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organ Builders ◽  
Intrinsic Component ◽  
Modern Myth

The issue of vibrato's presence in the nineteenth-century orchestral string section has become controversial, with musicians often asked to accept the proposition that vibrato existed rarely, if at all. Fortunately an extensive, hitherto overlooked, body of primary source material exists that goes straight to the heart of the matter, offering a definitive answer to the question of whether or not vibrato was an intrinsic component of period orchestral string sonority. It comes from the organ literature and from the history of the instrument's evolution over the course of the long nineteenth century. A group of artists and artisans, working from approximately 1830 to 1930, documented the importance of vibrato to any attempt at reproducing, or at least approximating, the authentic timbre of the orchestral string section. Organ builders and performers noted vibrato's use both as an intrinsic constituent of string tone and as an actively applied expressive device. They discussed it extensively in their literature, gave their instruments the capacity to simulate its effects, and specifically notated its presence in their transcriptions of orchestral music. The information they have left behind dispels the modern myth of ‘pure’, vibratoless orchestral string tone as a timbral norm, and provides a truer sense of the era's prevailing aesthetic.

SELECTED PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE. A CASE STUDY OF OPOLE PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (6) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Anna Bisaga
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Mutual Insurance

There is a model of agriculture being implemented in regions of the European Union, which comes close to the global strategy of sustainable intensification of agriculture. The aim of this paper is to identify problems connected with realization of this strategy in family-run agricultural holdings based in Opole Province. The primary source material was collected in 2014 by means of a questionnaire survey conducted in 100 agricultural holdings selected on purpose. Their size exceeds 10 hectares of arable land and they are situated in sub-regions that are representative of the agriculture in Opole Province. On the basis of the research it was concluded that the farmers most often choose a trajectory of development, which consists in enlarging the area of land in their possession. This is realized together with simultaneous provision of additional services for the local environment. In the opinion of the examined farmers, the intensification of production, which is regulated by environmental norms, gives rise to the need of constant learning, as well as optimization of technological potential of specialization. The research confirmed also the farmers’ readiness to participate in institutions of risk management, chiefly in the fund of mutual insurance, in case of natural calamities occur.

A Worthwhile Effort? History of Organized Youth Sport in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
History Of

This essay examines the evolution of highly organized youth sports in the United States. Through an examination of both secondary and primary source material, an analysis is made of children's participation in sport from the turn of the twentieth century to the present day. Particular attention is paid to the types of sports programs established for children as well as the various discussions involving the supposed benefits and negative aspects of youth sports. Included is information on Progressive Reformers, youth sport programs outside of educational institutions, and guidelines, reports, assessments, and scholarly evaluation of children and their involvement in sport.

Where Fossils Dare and Males Matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera : Dolichoderinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Barden ◽  
Brendon Boudinot ◽  
Andrea Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surprising Discovery

The distinctive ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr, 1862 had been thought to be endemic to Australasia for over 150 years, but enigmatic Neotropical fossils have challenged this view for decades. The present study responds to a recent and surprising discovery of extant Leptomyrmex species in Brazil with a thorough evaluation of the Dominican Republic fossil material, which dates to the Miocene. In the first case study of direct fossil inclusion within Formicidae Latreille, 1809, we incorporated both living and the extinct Leptomyrmex species. Through simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological characters in both Bayesian and parsimony frameworks, we recovered the fossil taxon as sister-group to extant Leptomyrmex in Brazil while considering the influence of taxonomic and character sampling on inferred hypotheses relating to tree topology, biogeography and morphological evolution. We also identified potential loss of signal in the binning of morphological characters and tested the impact of parameterisation on divergence date estimation. Our results highlight the importance of securing sufficient taxon sampling for extant lineages when incorporating fossils and underscore the utility of diverse character sources in accurate placement of fossil terminals. Specifically, we find that fossil placement in this group is influenced by the inclusion of male-based characters and the newly discovered Neotropical ‘Lazarus taxon’.

scholarly journals Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The “Calvatone (1911) Hoard” as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona – Italy)

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-136
Author(s):  
Antonino Crisà
Keyword(s):  
Museum Studies ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Authorities

This paper presents a new set of archival records from Rome on the discovery of a Roman Republican denarii hoard, found by the brothers Birsilio and Luigi Simonazzi on their lands at Calvatone (Cremona, Italy, 1911). Local police forces seized the hoard and alerted the Coin Cabinet of Brera in Milan, where the numismatist Serafino Ricci (1867–1943) evaluated and finally acquired selected coins to increase the museum collections. The “Calvatone (1911) hoard” is an essential case study in the history of Italian numismatic collections, museum studies, and archaeology. These records are particularly worth studying for two main reasons. They show how local and regional authorities dealt with casual archaeological discoveries in northern Italy during the post-Unification period (1861–1918). They also help us to better understand how the Italian government acted to safeguard antiquities according to contemporary law, and how the state collections could be increased by judicial seizures and fresh acquisitions.

scholarly journals The Struggle Between Life and Death: A Case Study of Panapur Flood, District Saran, Bihar, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Elderly ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Survey Result ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The flood is one of the natural calamities that are the outcome of anthropogenic activities by humans. It is largely defined as the overflow of water on normally dry ground. The most common reasons are overflowing of river in short span of time, breaking of dam, or heavy rainfall. The most deadly flood that occurred in the history of Panapur is the flood of 2020 which worsened the condition of the native inhabitants. The most fragile section of society was pregnant women, elderly people, children and animals. The local inhabitants experienced fear of death from very close, submerging of houses in water, rampant rainfall, snake biting, lack of drinking water and food worked as the catalyst in worsening the condition. There was the rampant destruction not only of infrastructure but also of the wildlife. Large chunk of population lost their animals in the furious flood. Dear, pig, snake, and many other wild animals washed away from the forests of Nepal to Panapur block during flood. Many wild animals lost their lives in this nature’s fury, villagers somehow managed to save lives of eight floating dear and 32 wild pigs. People left from different corona infected state to take shelter in native village in month of April and May were left disillusioned due to the flood of July 2020. As officially reported eight people washed away and died during flood. The further unrest came when the prices of fodder surged up to 14/kg. This paper studies the impact of flood on inhabitants of Panapur block, Saran district, Bihar, India. This study is based on primary survey using sampling techniques. Six villages have been selected for survey. Result have been analysed and it was found that people lost their economy, crop, shelter, pet animals, forest, dignity and humanity. They are left under the utter disillusionment. They became homeless, helpless, hopeless and health less.

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